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Marchegiani A, Troisi A, Bazzano M, Spaterna A, Fruganti A. A Prospective, Blinded, Open-Label Clinical Trial to Assess the Ability of Fluorescent Light Energy to Enhance Wound Healing after Mastectomy in Female Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1250. [PMID: 38672398 PMCID: PMC11047670 DOI: 10.3390/ani14081250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mammary gland tumors represent the most frequently diagnosed malignant neoplasm in intact female dogs, and surgical removal represents the current gold standard treatment. To promote wound healing and prevent possible bacterial contamination, perioperative antimicrobials are commonly used in clinical practice, even though there are no publications establishing guidelines for the use of such drugs in canine mastectomy. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the ameliorative effect of fluorescent light energy on the quality of the healing process after mastectomy surgery in female dogs, in the absence of perioperative antimicrobial administration. Nine female dogs received a multiple-gland mastectomy due to gland tumors and received FLE application immediately after surgery and then five days after. The surgical incisions were evaluated by a blind investigator over time using the Modified Hollander Cosmesis and Modified Draize Wound Healing Score systems. Statistical analysis revealed a significant ameliorative effect of FLE in the control of step-off borders, contour irregularities, and excessive distortion. In addition, erythema, edema, and serous discharge were lower for those wounds managed with FLE. These results underscore the advantageous impact of FLE on the healing of post-mastectomy wounds in female dogs, offering the dual benefits of reducing potential infection risks and lessening the home care burden for pet owners.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marilena Bazzano
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (A.M.); (A.T.); (A.S.); (A.F.)
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Millis DL, Bergh A. A Systematic Literature Review of Complementary and Alternative Veterinary Medicine: Laser Therapy. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040667. [PMID: 36830454 PMCID: PMC9951699 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Light therapy, or photobiomodulation, is a collective name for methods where tissue is irradiated with different types of light, with the aim of stimulating healing. Despite being frequently used, there is no consensus regarding the optimal treatment protocols for light therapy, nor its clinical efficacy. A systematic literature review was conducted, searching the relevant literature regarding light therapy in three databases, published between 1980-2020. The risk of bias in each article was evaluated. Forty-five articles met the inclusion criteria; 24 articles were regarding dogs, 1 was regarding cats, and the rest were regarding horses. The indications for treatment were musculoskeletal and neurologic conditions, skin disease and wounds, and pain. The literature review showed conflicting study results and unclear application for clinical use. This can be explained by the wide variety of treatment parameters used in the searched studies, such as wavelength, laser class, dose, and effect, as well as the frequency and duration of treatment. Although some beneficial effects were reported for light therapy, the studies also had limited scientific quality regarding these therapies, with a high or moderate risk of bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darryl L. Millis
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna Bergh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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Critically Appraised Topic on Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) in Dogs: An Advisable Treatment for Skin Diseases? Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9090505. [PMID: 36136721 PMCID: PMC9502196 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9090505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is a therapeutic technique with reported regenerative, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and analgesic effects. In the last few years, LLLT has been used in dogs for the management of different skin lesions and diseases. This study reports a literature review using the critically appraised topic (CAT) method to determine the canine skin diseases for which LLLT is an advisable treatment. Only primary clinical prospective studies were considered. A meticulous literature search revealed 19 significant clinical trials, and these were critically analyzed. The evaluation of the best accessible evidence in July 2022 suggests that LLLT can be a promising and effective adjunctive treatment in combination with systemic antibiotic therapy for canine interdigital pyoderma and canine deep pyoderma. Furthermore, the use of LLLT is not recommended as a therapy for pedal pruritus secondary to canine atopic dermatitis. In other canine skin diseases, there is a possible helpful effect of LLLT; however, the evidence for its use is not currently convincing. Abstract Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is a therapeutic option that stimulates cellular function through intracellular photobiological and photochemical reactions, promoting better tissue repair and an anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and analgesic effect. Previous studies in human and veterinary medicine have shown the clinical efficacy of LLLT in many fields. In this study, the literature was reviewed using the critically appraised topic (CAT) method to determine the canine skin diseases for which LLLT is an advisable treatment. A meticulous literature search revealed 19 significant clinical trials, which were critically analyzed. The evaluation of the best accessible evidence in July 2022 suggests that fluorescence biomodulation (FBM), a type of LLLT, can, in combination with systemic antibiotic therapy, be a promising and effective adjunctive treatment for canine interdigital pyoderma and canine deep pyoderma. Furthermore, the evidence suggests that the use of LLLT is not recommended as a therapy for pedal pruritus secondary to canine atopic dermatitis. For other canine skin diseases included in the CAT, although LLLT appears to be a promising treatment, there is not yet good scientific evidence to recommend its use.
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Hoisang S, Kampa N, Seesupa S, Jitpean S. Assessment of wound area reduction on chronic wounds in dogs with photobiomodulation therapy: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Vet World 2021; 14:2251-2259. [PMID: 34566346 PMCID: PMC8448658 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.2251-2259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Chronic wounds are a clinical problem and require intensive standard wound care. However, this is sometimes insufficient to promote healing. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) can be used as an adjunctive therapy to improve wound healing. Various PBMT devices with different properties and parameter settings as well as different animal species can influence a variety of clinical outcomes. This study aims to assess the use of 830 nm PBMT or simultaneous superpulsed and multiple wavelengths (SPMW; 660, 875, and 905 nm) PBMT on chronic wounds in client-owned dogs. Materials and Methods This study included 21 client-owned dogs with chronic wounds allocated into three groups: (1) Control group (C) treated with irrigated saline and without PBMT (n=7); (2) L1 group treated with irrigated saline together with the radiation of 830 nm PBMT (n=7); and (3) L2 group treated with irrigated saline together with the radiation of simultaneous SPMW-PBMT (n=7). Wound healing was assessed on the basis of wound size reduction as a percentage of wound area every 2nd day for 15 days using image analysis software (ImageJ software®, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA). Results A significant difference in the percentage of wound area reduction was noted between the C and PBMT groups (L1 and L2; p<0.05). The average percentages of wound area reduction at the end of the study (15 days) were 42.39±20.58, 56.98±24.82, and 61.81±27.18 in the C, L1, and L2 groups, respectively. A steady decrease in wound size was noted in both PBMT and non-PBMT groups, and coefficients were 7.77, 8.95, and 10.01 in the C, L1, and L2 groups, respectively. The percentage of wound area reduction was found to be significantly different between the PBMT and non-BPMT groups on day 7 (p<0.05). Conclusion Based on the results of the current study, using either 830 nm PBMT or simultaneous SPMW-PBMT can accelerate the chronic wound healing process in dogs with a significant reduction in wound area. Therefore, it can be used as an adjunctive therapy to improve wound healing in dogs with reduced treatment duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somphong Hoisang
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Naruepon Kampa
- Division of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Suvaluk Seesupa
- Division of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Supranee Jitpean
- Division of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Webb DR, Churchill SR, Hill GD, McGee CA, Shi M, King-Herbert AP, Blankenship-Paris TL. Effects of Buprenorphine, Chlorhexidine, and Low-level Laser Therapy on Wound Healing in Mice. Comp Med 2021; 71:191-202. [PMID: 33863402 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-20-000104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Systemic buprenorphine and topical antiseptics such as chlorhexidine are frequently used in research animals to aid in pain control and to reduce infection, respectively. These therapeutics are controversial, especially when used in wound healing studies, due to conflicting data suggesting that they delay wound healing. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been used to aid in wound healing without exerting the systemic effects of therapies such as buprenorphine. We conducted 2 studies to investigate the effects of these common treatment modalities on the rate of wound healing in mice. The first study used models of punch biopsy and dermal abrasion to assess whether buprenorphine HCl or 0.12% chlorhexidine delayed wound healing. The second study investigated the effects of sustained-released buprenorphine, 0.05% chlorhexidine, and LLLT on excisional wound healing. The rate of wound healing was assessed by obtaining photographs on days 0, 2, 4, 7, and 9 for the punch biopsy model in study 1, days 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 11, and 13 for the dermal abrasion model in study 1, and days 0, 3, 6, and 10 for the mice in study 2. Image J software was used to analyze the photographed wounds to determine the wound area. When comparing the wound area on the above days to the original wound area, no significant differences in healing were observed for any of the treatment groups at any time period for either study. Given the results of these studies, we believe that systemic buprenorphine, topical chlorhexidine, and LLLT can be used without impairing or delaying wound healing in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna R Webb
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Comparative & Molecular Pathogenesis Branch, National Toxicology Program, Durham, North Carolina;,
| | | | - Georgette D Hill
- Integrated Laboratory Systems, LLC., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Christopher A McGee
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Clinical Research Branch, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Min Shi
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Biostatistics & Computational Biology Branch, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Angela P King-Herbert
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Comparative & Molecular Pathogenesis Branch, National Toxicology Program, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Terry L Blankenship-Paris
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Comparative Medicine Branch, Durham, North Carolina
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Kampa N, Jitpean S, Seesupa S, Hoisang S. Penetration depth study of 830 nm low-intensity laser therapy on living dog tissue. Vet World 2020; 13:1417-1422. [PMID: 32848319 PMCID: PMC7429387 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.1417-1422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Recent studies have shown that low-intensity laser therapy (LILT) enhances chronic wound healing, reduces pain, reduces inflammation, and improves post-operative rehabilitation. However, clinical outcomes in the veterinary use of LILT vary between different experimental studies. This is explained by improper laser parameter settings and limits of its penetration depth. This study aimed to investigate the penetration depth of 830 nm LILT on living dog tissue in different operating modes. This entailed continuous wave (CW) versus pulse wave (PW) and with contact versus non-contact techniques of the laser probe at different tissue-laser probe distances. The results can be applied for use in clinical practice. Materials and Methods Twenty-four dogs that had undergone abdominal surgery were included in this study. The laser parameters were set at 200 mW, fluence of 4 J/cm2 and the laser power output denoted as mean output power (MOP) was measured by a power meter. Results The MOP of the 830 nm CW laser was significantly higher than the PW laser (p<0.05). The MOP of the contact technique was significantly greater than that of the non-contact technique in both CW and PW modes (p<0.05). The MOP through the skin tissue was between 16.09 and 18.60 mW (8.05-9.30%) for the contact technique and 8.73 and 19.36 mW (4.37-9.68%) for the non-contact technique. In the muscle-skin layer, the MOP was between 0.50 and 1.56 mW (0.25-0.78%) and the MOP was not detected using the non-contact technique with a 5 cm tissue-laser probe distance. Conclusion Our study indicates that 830 nm LILT (with laser parameter setting at 200 mW, fluence of 4 J/cm2 for both contact and non-contact techniques, and tissue-laser probe distance up to 5 cm) was appropriate for treatments within 14 mm of depth. However, the use of 830 nm LILT for an application in which the target tissue is deeper than 14 mm may limit its positive effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naruepon Kampa
- Division of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Supranee Jitpean
- Division of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Suvalak Seesupa
- Division of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Somphong Hoisang
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
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Salvaggio A, Magi GE, Rossi G, Tambella AM, Vullo C, Marchegiani A, Botto R, Palumbo Piccionello A. Effect of the topical Klox fluorescence biomodulation system on the healing of canine surgical wounds. Vet Surg 2020; 49:719-727. [PMID: 32212345 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of the Klox fluorescence biomodulation system (Phovia) on the healing of surgical wounds. STUDY DESIGN Prospective, blinded, controlled clinical trial. SAMPLE POPULATION Healthy dogs undergoing orthopedic surgery (n = 10). METHODS Half of the length of each surgical wound was treated with Phovia, and the remaining 50% was treated with saline solution on the first day after surgery and every 3 days until day 13. Wound healing of treated and control areas within each wound was evaluated via macroscopic assessment and histological and immunohistochemical analysis of treated and control wounds. RESULTS The areas treated with Phovia achieved lower histology scores (P = .001), consistent with complete re-epithelialization, less inflammation of the dermal layer, and greater and more regular deposition of collagen. According to immunohistochemistry, expression of factor VIII, epidural growth factor, decorin, collagen III, and Ki67 was increased in treated compared with untreated tissues. CONCLUSION Phovia therapy improved re-epithelialization, decreased dermal inflammation, and improved matrix formation in uncomplicated cutaneous incisional wounds by regulating the expression of key biological mediators. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Phovia may be a beneficial adjunct to promote the healing of incisional wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Salvaggio
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Gian Enrico Magi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Giacomo Rossi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Adolfo Maria Tambella
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Cecilia Vullo
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Andrea Marchegiani
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Riccardo Botto
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
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Wound Photobiomodulation Treatment Outcomes in Animal Models. J Vet Med 2019; 2019:6320515. [PMID: 31467931 PMCID: PMC6699315 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6320515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The possibilities that photobiomodulation has brought on to the medical field are ever expanding and the scope it has reached is infinite. Determining how this relatively new treatment technique can be incorporated into the veterinary medical field is of interest to many medical professionals. In this review, we examine the treatment outcomes of low-level-laser therapy (LLLT) in different animal models to pinpoint any similarities between the studies. A search was conducted to identify LLLT studies using different animal models with an open or closed wound. The studies were compared to identify the laser parameters that resulted in positive treatment outcomes. The overall result of the studies examined indicated that daily laser exposure at a wavelength of a 600 or 800 nm range was the most beneficial across the rodent studies regardless of health status or wound type. More studies on rabbit, canine, and equine models are needed to explain the inconsistent results reviewed and find the correct treatment parameters for these species. Further research involving LLLT studies that focus on different factors including health status, treatment interval, wavelength, and energy density is needed to help validate our knowledge about the efficacy of using photobiomodulation in the veterinary medical field.
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Howard DJ, Anderson SL, Nahar VK. A Preliminary Study on Second-Intention Healing of Full-Thickness Wounds on Equine Distal Forelimbs Treated With Maltodextrin. J Equine Vet Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2018.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Wardlaw JL, Gazzola KM, Wagoner A, Brinkman E, Burt J, Butler R, Gunter JM, Senter LH. Laser Therapy for Incision Healing in 9 Dogs. Front Vet Sci 2019; 5:349. [PMID: 30761311 PMCID: PMC6362418 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Laser therapy is becoming common place in veterinary medicine with little evidence proving efficacy or dosages. This study evaluated surgical wound healing in canines. Twelve Dachshunds underwent thoraco-lumbar hemilaminectomies for intervertebral disc disease (IVDD). Digital photographs were taken of their incisions within 24 h of surgery and 1, 3, 5, 7, and 21 days postoperatively. The first three dogs were used to create a standardized scar scale to score the other dogs' incision healing. The remaining 9 dogs were randomly assigned to either receive 8 J/cm2 laser therapy once a day for 7 days or the non-laser treated control group. Incision healing was scored based on the scar scale from 0 to 5, with zero being a fresh incision and five being completely healed with scar contraction and hair growth. All scar scores significantly improved with increasing time from surgery (<0.001). Good agreement was achieved for inter-rater reliability (p = 0.9). Laser therapy increased the scar scale score, showed improved cosmetic healing, by day seven and continued to be significantly increased on day 21 compared to control dogs (p < 0.001). Daily application of laser therapy at 8J/cm2 hastened wound healing in Dachshunds that received thoracolumbar hemilaminectomies for IVDD. It also improved the cosmetic appearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Wardlaw
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Animal Health Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
- Gateway Veterinary Surgery, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Krista M. Gazzola
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Animal Health Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Amanda Wagoner
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Animal Health Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Erin Brinkman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Animal Health Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Joey Burt
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Animal Health Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Ryan Butler
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Animal Health Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Julie M. Gunter
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Animal Health Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Lucy H. Senter
- Office of Research and Economic Development, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
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