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Baawad A, Jacho D, Hamil T, Yildirim-Ayan E, Kim DS. Polysaccharide-Based Composite Scaffolds for Osteochondral and Enthesis Regeneration. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2023; 29:123-140. [PMID: 36181352 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2022.0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
The rotator cuff and Achilles tendons along with the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) are frequently injured with limited healing capacity. At the soft-hard tissue interface, enthesis is prone to get damaged and its regeneration in osteochondral defects is essential for complete healing. The current clinical techniques used in suturing procedures to reattach tendons to bones need much improvement for the generation of the native interface tissue, that is, enthesis, for patients to regain their full functions. Recently, inspired by the composite native tissue, much effort has been made to fabricate composite scaffolds for enthesis tissue regeneration. This review first focuses on the studies that used composite scaffolds for the regeneration of enthesis. Then, the use of polysaccharides for osteochondral tissue engineering is reviewed and their potential for enthesis regeneration is presented based on their supporting effects on osteogenesis and chondrogenesis. Gellan gum (GG) is selected and reviewed as a promising polysaccharide due to its unique osteogenic and chondrogenic activities that help avoid the inherent weakness of dissimilar materials in composite scaffolds. In addition, original preliminary results showed that GG supports collagen type I production and upregulation of osteogenic marker genes. Impact Statement Enthesis regeneration is essential for complete and functional healing of tendon and ligament tissues. Current suturing techniques to reattach the tendon/ligament to bones have high failure rates. This review highlights the studies on biomimetic scaffolds aimed to regenerate enthesis. In addition, the potential of using polysaccharides to regenerate enthesis is discussed based on their ability to regenerate osteochondral tissues. Gellan gum is presented as a promising biopolymer that can be modified to simultaneously support bone and cartilage regeneration by providing structural continuity for the scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Baawad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Diego Jacho
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Taijah Hamil
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Eda Yildirim-Ayan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Dong-Shik Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
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Carvalho SG, Silvestre ALP, Martins Dos Santos A, Fonseca-Santos B, Rodrigues WD, Palmira Daflon Gremião M, Chorilli M, Villanova JCO. Polymeric-based drug delivery systems for veterinary use: State of the art. Int J Pharm 2021; 604:120756. [PMID: 34058307 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
One of the challenges to the success of veterinary pharmacotherapy is the limited number of drugs and dosage forms available exclusively to this market, due to the interspecies variability of animals, such as anatomy, physiology, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics. For this reason, studies in this area have become a highlight, since they are still scarce in comparison with those on human drug use. To overcome many limitations related to the bioavailability, efficacy, and safety of pharmacotherapy in animals, especially livestock and domestic animals, polymers-based drug delivery systems are promising tools if they guarantee greater selectivity and less toxicity in dosage forms. In addition, these tools may be developed according to the great interspecies variability. To contribute to these discussions, this paper provides an updated review of the major polymer-based drug delivery systems projected for veterinary use. Traditional and innovative drug delivery systems based on polymers are presented, with an emphasis on films, microparticles, micelles, nanogels, nanoparticles, tablets, implants and hydrogel-based drug delivery systems. We discuss important concepts for the veterinarian about the mechanisms of drug release and, for the pharmacist, the advantages in the development of pharmaceutical forms for the animal population. Finally, challenges and opportunities are presented in the field of pharmaceutical dosage forms for veterinary use in response to the interests of the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzana Gonçalves Carvalho
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Department of Drugs and Medicines, 14800-903 Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Amanda Letícia Polli Silvestre
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Department of Drugs and Medicines, 14800-903 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline Martins Dos Santos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Department of Drugs and Medicines, 14800-903 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno Fonseca-Santos
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-871 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Winner Duque Rodrigues
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Department of Drugs and Medicines, 14800-903 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Palmira Daflon Gremião
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Department of Drugs and Medicines, 14800-903 Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Department of Drugs and Medicines, 14800-903 Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Janaína Cecília Oliveira Villanova
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Production, Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Federal University of Espirito Santo (UFES), 29500-000 Alegre, ES, Brazil.
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Chakrabarti S, Ai M, Henson FM, Smith ESJ. Peripheral mechanisms of arthritic pain: A proposal to leverage large animals for in vitro studies. NEUROBIOLOGY OF PAIN (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2020; 8:100051. [PMID: 32817908 PMCID: PMC7426561 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynpai.2020.100051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Pain arising from musculoskeletal disorders such as arthritis is one of the leading causes of disability. Whereas the past 20-years has seen an increase in targeted therapies for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), other arthritis conditions, especially osteoarthritis, remain poorly treated. Although modulation of central pain pathways occurs in chronic arthritis, multiple lines of evidence indicate that peripherally driven pain is important in arthritic pain. To understand the peripheral mechanisms of arthritic pain, various in vitro and in vivo models have been developed, largely in rodents. Although rodent models provide numerous advantages for studying arthritis pathogenesis and treatment, the anatomy and biomechanics of rodent joints differ considerably to those of humans. By contrast, the anatomy and biomechanics of joints in larger animals, such as dogs, show greater similarity to human joints and thus studying them can provide novel insight for arthritis research. The purpose of this article is firstly to review models of arthritis and behavioral outcomes commonly used in large animals. Secondly, we review the existing in vitro models and assays used to study arthritic pain, primarily in rodents, and discuss the potential for adopting these strategies, as well as likely limitations, in large animals. We believe that exploring peripheral mechanisms of arthritic pain in vitro in large animals has the potential to reduce the veterinary burden of arthritis in commonly afflicted species like dogs, as well as to improve translatability of pain research into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sampurna Chakrabarti
- Department of Neuroscience, Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Minji Ai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
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Olive M, Boyer C, Lesoeur J, Thorin C, Weiss P, Fusellier M, Gauthier O. Preliminary evaluation of an osteochondral autograft, a prosthetic implant, and a biphasic absorbable implant for osteochondral reconstruction in a sheep model. Vet Surg 2020; 49:570-581. [PMID: 31916628 PMCID: PMC7154554 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the ability of three implants to enhance the healing of osteochondral defects: (1) a biphasic construct composed of calcium phosphate (CaP) and chitosan/cellulosic polymer, (2) a titanium-polyurethane implant, and (3) an osteochondral autograft. STUDY DESIGN Experimental study. ANIMALS Ten adult female sheep. METHODS In five sheep, an 8-mm diameter osteochondral defect was created on the medial femoral condyle of a stifle and filled with a synthetic titanium-polyurethane implant. In five sheep, a similar defect was filled with an osteochondral autograft, and the donor site was filled with a biphasic construct combining CaP granules and a chitosan/cellulosic polymer. Sheep were monitored daily for lameness. Stifle radiographs and MRI were evaluated at 20 weeks, prior to animals being humanely killed. Surgical sites were evaluated with histology, microcomputed tomography, and scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS Clinical outcomes were satisfactory regardless of the tested biomaterials. All implants appeared in place on imaging studies. Osteointegration of prosthetic implants varied between sites, with limited ingrowth of new bone into the titanium structure. Autografts and biphasic constructs were consistently well integrated in subchondral bone. All autografts except one contained a cartilage surface, and all biphasic constructs except one partially restored hyaline cartilage surface. CONCLUSION Biphasic constructs supported hyaline cartilage and subchondral bone regeneration, although restoration of the articular cartilage was incomplete. CLINICAL IMPACT Biphasic constructs may provide an alternative treatment for osteochondral defects, offering a less invasive approach compared with autologous grafts and eliminating the requirement for a prosthetic implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Olive
- Department of Small Animal Surgery, Oniris Nantes-Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine Food Science and Engineering, Nantes, France
| | - Cécile Boyer
- University of Nantes, INSERM UMR 1229, RMeS, Nantes, France
| | - Julie Lesoeur
- University of Nantes, INSERM UMR 1229, RMeS, Nantes, France
| | - Chantal Thorin
- Department of Management and Statistics, Oniris Nantes-Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine Food Science and Engineering, Nantes, France
| | - Pierre Weiss
- University of Nantes, INSERM UMR 1229, RMeS, Nantes, France
| | - Marion Fusellier
- Department of Small Animal Surgery, Oniris Nantes-Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine Food Science and Engineering, Nantes, France.,University of Nantes, INSERM UMR 1229, RMeS, Nantes, France
| | - Olivier Gauthier
- Department of Small Animal Surgery, Oniris Nantes-Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine Food Science and Engineering, Nantes, France.,University of Nantes, INSERM UMR 1229, RMeS, Nantes, France
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