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Genovese J, Kellihan HB, Colopy SA, Brown K, Welker J. Migrating Grass Awns in a Dog with Pericardial Effusion. CASE (PHILADELPHIA, PA.) 2024; 8:62-66. [PMID: 38425571 PMCID: PMC10899722 DOI: 10.1016/j.case.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
•Migrating grass awns should be a differential diagnosis for pericardial effusion. •Pericardial FBs can result in life-threatening pericarditis and epicarditis. •TTE can be used to diagnose a pericardial FB. •On TTE, absent RAu with pericardial effusion should cause suspicion of epicarditis. •Subtotal pericardiectomy can be curative for pericardial FBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Genovese
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Heidi B. Kellihan
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Sara A. Colopy
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Kelsey Brown
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Jamie Welker
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin
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De Nardi AB, de Oliveira Massoco Salles Gomes C, Fonseca-Alves CE, de Paiva FN, Linhares LCM, Carra GJU, dos Santos Horta R, Ruiz Sueiro FA, Jark PC, Nishiya AT, de Carvalho Vasconcellos CH, Ubukata R, Batschinski K, Sobral RA, Fernandes SC, Biondi LR, De Francisco Strefezzi R, Matera JM, Rangel MMM, dos Anjos DS, Brunner CHM, Laufer-Amorim R, Cadrobbi KG, Cirillo JV, Martins MC, de Paula Reis Filho N, Silva Lessa DF, Portela R, Scarpa Carneiro C, Ricci Lucas SR, Fukumasu H, Feliciano MAR, Gomes Quitzan J, Dagli MLZ. Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment of Canine Hemangiosarcoma: A Review Based on a Consensus Organized by the Brazilian Association of Veterinary Oncology, ABROVET. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072025. [PMID: 37046686 PMCID: PMC10093745 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemangiosarcoma is a mesenchymal neoplasm originating in the endothelial cells of blood vessels; they can be classified as non-visceral and visceral types. Non-visceral hemangiosarcomas can affect the skin, subcutaneous tissues, and muscle tissues; visceral hemangiosarcomas can affect the spleen, liver, heart, lungs, kidneys, oral cavity, bones, bladder, uterus, tongue, and retroperitoneum. Among domestic species, dogs are most affected by cutaneous HSA. Cutaneous HSA represents approximately 14% of all HSA diagnosed in this species and less than 5% of dermal tumors, according to North American studies. However, Brazilian epidemiological data demonstrate a higher prevalence, which may represent 27 to 80% of all canine HSAs and 13.9% of all skin neoplasms diagnosed in this species. Cutaneous HSA most commonly affects middle-aged to elderly dogs (between 8 and 15 years old), with no gender predisposition for either the actinic or non-actinic forms. The higher prevalence of cutaneous HSA in some canine breeds is related to lower protection from solar radiation, as low skin pigmentation and hair coverage lead to greater sun exposure. Actinic changes, such as solar dermatosis, are frequent in these patients, confirming the influence of solar radiation on the development of this neoplasm. There are multiple clinical manifestations of hemangiosarcoma in canines. The diagnostic approach and staging classification of cutaneous HSAs are similar between the different subtypes. The definitive diagnosis is obtained through histopathological analysis of incisional or excisional biopsies. Cytology can be used as a presurgical screening test; however, it has little diagnostic utility in cases of HSA because there is a high risk of blood contamination and sample hemodilution. Surgery is generally the treatment of choice for dogs with localized non-visceral HSA without evidence of metastatic disease. Recently, electrochemotherapy (ECT) has emerged as an alternative therapy for the local ablative treatment of different neoplastic types; the use of radiotherapy for the treatment of dogs with cutaneous HSA is uncommon. There is greater consensus in the literature regarding the indications for adjuvant chemotherapy in subcutaneous and muscular HSA; doxorubicin is the most frequently used antineoplastic agent for subcutaneous and muscular subtypes and can be administered alone or in combination with other drugs. Other therapies include antiangiogenic therapy, photodynamic therapy, the association of chemotherapy with the metronomic dose, targeted therapies, and natural products. The benefits of these therapies are presented and discussed. In general, the prognosis of splenic and cardiac HSA is unfavorable. As a challenging neoplasm, studies of new protocols and treatment modalities are necessary to control this aggressive disease.
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Levi M, Parenti F, Muscatello LV, Battaia S, Santilli R, Perego M, Montinaro V, Massari F, Sarli G, Brunetti B. Pathological Findings of Canine Idiopathic Pericarditis and Pericardial Mesotheliomas: Correlation with Clinical and Survival Data. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8080162. [PMID: 34437484 PMCID: PMC8402876 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8080162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pericarditis (IP) and pericardial mesothelioma (PM) are causes of pericardial effusion in dogs. Pericardiectomy can be a definitive treatment in the case of idiopathic pericardial effusion or a short-term intervention for mesothelioma. The aim of the present study was to investigate which histopathologic parameters are correlated with clinical outcomes in a cohort of dogs that underwent pericardiectomy. The histopathological findings of 22 IPs and 5 PMs were compared with clinical and survival data and the immunohistochemical characterization of immune cells (CD3, CD79α, Iba1). In IP, the mesothelium was lost in 20 cases, reactive in 9, atypical in 3, and mesothelial papillary hyperplasia (MPH) was observed in 4 cases. Numerous macrophages were found in both IPs and PMs especially at the superficial layer of the pericardium. T lymphocytes were observed in mild to moderate numbers and were more numerous than B lymphocytes in both IPs and PMs. MPH was correlated with the quantity of lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate in the superficial layer, inversely related to the thickness of the pericardium, and associated with a longer overall survival. Pericardial fibrosis was present in 19 out of 22 IPs and in all mesotheliomas and was correlated with increased time from initial presentation and pericardiectomy and lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate in the deep zone. Pericardial thickness was correlated with the amount of lymphoplasmacytic and macrophagic infiltrate in the deep zone. Mesothelioma was associated with an increased number of pericardiocentesis procedures before pericardiectomy and with the presence of macrophages in the superficial pericardial layer, edema, fibrin, and hemorrhage. Disease-free interval and overall survival were significantly shorter in patients with mesothelioma compared with IP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Levi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 50, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (M.L.); (F.P.); (G.S.); (B.B.)
| | - Federico Parenti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 50, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (M.L.); (F.P.); (G.S.); (B.B.)
| | - Luisa Vera Muscatello
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 50, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (M.L.); (F.P.); (G.S.); (B.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Stefano Battaia
- Ospedale Veterinario I Portoni Rossi, Via Roma 57, Zola Predosa, 40069 Bologna, Italy; (S.B.); (M.P.); (V.M.); (F.M.)
- Clinica Veterinaria Malpensa, Viale Marconi 27, Samarate, 21017 Varese, Italy;
| | - Roberto Santilli
- Clinica Veterinaria Malpensa, Viale Marconi 27, Samarate, 21017 Varese, Italy;
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, 930 Campus Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Manuela Perego
- Ospedale Veterinario I Portoni Rossi, Via Roma 57, Zola Predosa, 40069 Bologna, Italy; (S.B.); (M.P.); (V.M.); (F.M.)
- Clinica Veterinaria Malpensa, Viale Marconi 27, Samarate, 21017 Varese, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Montinaro
- Ospedale Veterinario I Portoni Rossi, Via Roma 57, Zola Predosa, 40069 Bologna, Italy; (S.B.); (M.P.); (V.M.); (F.M.)
| | - Federico Massari
- Ospedale Veterinario I Portoni Rossi, Via Roma 57, Zola Predosa, 40069 Bologna, Italy; (S.B.); (M.P.); (V.M.); (F.M.)
- DOCVET, Clinica Veterinaria Nervianese, Via Lampugnani 3, 20014 Nerviano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sarli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 50, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (M.L.); (F.P.); (G.S.); (B.B.)
| | - Barbara Brunetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 50, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (M.L.); (F.P.); (G.S.); (B.B.)
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McCarthy TC. Lost in the evidence. Vet Surg 2021; 50:922. [PMID: 33905127 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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