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Díaz-Regañón D, Mendaza-De Cal R, García-Sancho M, Rodríguez-Franco F, Sainz Á, Rodriguez-Quiros J, Rojo C. Canine Upper Digestive Tract 3D Model: Assessing Its Utility for Anatomy and Upper Endoscopy Learning. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1070. [PMID: 38612309 PMCID: PMC11010944 DOI: 10.3390/ani14071070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
A teaching strategy using 3D-printed models of the canine upper digestive tract (UDT) for anatomy demonstration and upper endoscopy instruction was evaluated. The canine UDT (esophagus-stomach-duodenum) was scanned and 3D-printed molds were manufactured using silicone casting. First-year students were introduced to these 3D models in practical sessions alongside real specimens. Simultaneously, fifth-year students were trained in endoscope handling and anatomical recognition using 3D specimens. Both groups completed an anonymous survey. Results showed that overall, first-year (n = 93) and fifth-year (n = 45) students agreed or strongly agreed that the 3D-printed model was effective for learning purposes. In summary, first-year students highlighted an improved understanding of size, volume, topography, and easier manipulation of the 3D model compared to fresh specimens. Fifth-year students were more enthusiastic, finding the 3D model valuable for spatial vision and clinical training. While both groups were against completely replacing the natural UDT with the 3D model, first-year students were more hesitant. These findings suggest that the 3D model of the canine UDT is an effective tool for hands-on training in clinical endoscopy and a valuable, albeit complementary, resource for teaching anatomy and topography.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Díaz-Regañón
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.G.-S.); (F.R.-F.); (Á.S.); (J.R.-Q.)
| | - Rosa Mendaza-De Cal
- Departmental Section of Anatomy and Embryology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Mercedes García-Sancho
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.G.-S.); (F.R.-F.); (Á.S.); (J.R.-Q.)
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Franco
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.G.-S.); (F.R.-F.); (Á.S.); (J.R.-Q.)
| | - Ángel Sainz
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.G.-S.); (F.R.-F.); (Á.S.); (J.R.-Q.)
| | - Jesus Rodriguez-Quiros
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.G.-S.); (F.R.-F.); (Á.S.); (J.R.-Q.)
| | - Concepción Rojo
- Departmental Section of Anatomy and Embryology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
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Kim MY, Kim SE. Mitigation of gap formation resulting from saw blade in single-cut osteotomy. J Vet Sci 2024; 25:e26. [PMID: 38568827 PMCID: PMC10990914 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.23298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone loss from the kerf of the sawblade may influence the final outcomes when employing three-dimensional-printed surgical guides. However, no studies have systematically addressed saw blade-induced bone loss. This study aims to quantify bone loss and propose a reduction guide to minimize the fracture gap. The postoperative gap tended to decrease as the amount of gap compensation increased. Osteotomy gaps can be attributed to the thickness of the saw blade, and the proposed methodology addresses this surgical error. Surgeons can proactively plan and design reduction guides with applied compensation using the method described in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Young Kim
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Stanley Eunwoo Kim
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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Townsend A, Guevar J, Oxley B, Hetzel S, Bleedorn J. Comparison of three-dimensional printed patient-specific guides versus freehand approach for radial osteotomies in normal dogs: Ex vivo model. Vet Surg 2024; 53:234-242. [PMID: 37309843 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the accuracy of three-dimensional (3D) printed patient-specific guide (PSG) with a freehand (FH) approach for radial osteotomies in ex vivo normal dogs. STUDY DESIGN Experimental study. ANIMALS Twenty four ex vivo thoracic limb pairs from normal beagle dogs. METHODS Computed tomography (CT) images were collected preoperatively and postoperatively. Three osteotomies tested (n = 8/group) were: (1) uniplanar 30° frontal plane wedge ostectomy, (2) oblique plane (30° frontal, 15° sagittal) wedge ostectomy, and (3) single oblique plane osteotomy (SOO, 30° frontal, 15° sagittal, and 30° external). Limb pairs were randomized to a 3D PSG or FH approach. The resultant osteotomies were compared with virtual target osteotomies by surface shape-matching postoperative to the preoperative radii. RESULTS The mean ± standard deviation osteotomy angle deviation for all 3D PSG osteotomies (2.8 ± 2.8°, range 0.11-14.1°) was less than for the FH osteotomies (6.4 ± 6.0°, range 0.03-29.7°). No differences were found for osteotomy location in any group. In total, 84% of 3D PSG osteotomies were within 5° deviance from the target compared to 50% of freehand osteotomies. CONCLUSION Three-dimensional PSG improved FH accuracy of osteotomy angle in select planes and the most complex osteotomy orientation in a normal ex vivo radial model. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Three-dimensional PSGs provided more consistent accuracy, which was most notable in complex radial osteotomies. Future work is needed to investigate guided osteotomies in dogs with antebrachial bone deformities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Townsend
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Comparative Orthopedic Research Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Julien Guevar
- Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Scott Hetzel
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jason Bleedorn
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Comparative Orthopedic Research Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Oh M, Ban J, Lee Y, Lee M, Kim S, Kim U, Park J, Han J, Chang J, Kim B, Yun H, Lee N, Chang D. Development of three-dimensional canine hepatic tumor model based on computed tomographic angiography for simulation of transarterial embolization. Front Vet Sci 2024; 10:1280028. [PMID: 38352169 PMCID: PMC10861713 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1280028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Transarterial embolization (TAE) is one of the treatment options for liver masses that are not suitable for surgery and they have been applied in veterinary medicine for about 20 years, but surgical resection is considered as the first treatment option, and only a few case reports and articles about TAE in dogs have been published. Although understanding of vascular anatomy for the procedure is important, previous studies lack of the information about hepatic artery anatomy in small and toy-breed dogs. Due to the introduction of 3D print in veterinary medicine, it is now possible to make 3D models for preoperative planning. The purpose of this study is to understand the hepatic arterial vascular structure of various sizes and breeds of dogs, and to develop 3D-printed canine artery models with and without hepatic tumors to simulate TAE procedure. Methods CT images of a total of 84 dogs with normal hepatic arteries were analyzed, and the mean value and standard deviation of body weight, celiac artery size, and hepatic artery size were 6.47 ± 4.44 kg, 3.28 ± 0.77 mm, and 2.14 ± 0.43 mm, respectively. Results It was established that type 2-2-1, which has two separate hepatic branches-the right medial and left branch and the right lateral branch that runs to the right lateral lobe and caudate process-is the most prevalent of the hepatic artery branch types, as it was in the previous study. The review of 65 CT images of dogs with hepatic tumors showed that 44.6% (29/65) had multifocal lesions in multiple lobes, for which TAE can be recommended. Discussion Based on the result, a 3D model of the normal canine hepatic artery and the hepatic tumor was made using one representative case from each group, and despite the models having some limitations in reflecting the exact tactile and velocity of blood vessels, TAE procedure was successfully simulated using both models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miju Oh
- Section of Veterinary Imaging, Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Ban
- Section of Veterinary Imaging, Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yooyoung Lee
- Section of Veterinary Imaging, Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Minju Lee
- Section of Veterinary Imaging, Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sojin Kim
- Section of Veterinary Imaging, Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Uhjin Kim
- Section of Veterinary Imaging, Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoon Park
- Section of Veterinary Imaging, Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaepung Han
- Section of Veterinary Imaging, Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhwa Chang
- Korea Animal Medical Center, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungjin Kim
- Bon Animal Medical Center, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongrok Yun
- SKY Animal Medical Center, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Namsoon Lee
- Section of Veterinary Imaging, Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwoo Chang
- Section of Veterinary Imaging, Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
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Buote NJ, Porter I, Dakin GF. 3D printed cannulas for use in laparoscopic surgery in feline patients: A cadaveric study and case series. Vet Surg 2023; 52:870-877. [PMID: 35815791 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate custom 3D printed laparoscopic cannulas (3DPC) in a feline cadaveric abdominal surgery model and report their use in two live feline subjects. STUDY DESIGN Experimental cadaver study, live subject case series. ANIMALS Ten feline cadavers; two feline subjects. METHODS Custom 3DPCs were initially modeled in a PLA filament material and then created in an autoclavable dental resin for use in live patients. The surgery time, number of surgical collisions and cannula complications were recorded during cadaver procedures before and after use of 3DPCs. Cannula complications were recorded during live procedures and patients were followed to suture removal to record any incisional complications. RESULTS There was a significant reduction in mean surgical time (125.6 vs. 95.2 min, p = 0.03), mean number of instrument collisions (6.8 vs. 2.6, p = 0.03), and mean number of cannula complications (10 vs. 2.2, p = 0.03) with the use of only 3DPCs during the procedure. During the live procedures the use of the 3DPCs was successful and no postoperative complications occurred at the incision sites. CONCLUSION The use of customized 3DPCs may improve surgical dexterity and decrease complications in advanced procedures and was not associated with any clinical complications in two cats. The use of 3DPCs in veterinary medicine may allow for wider practice of laparoscopic techniques in small animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole J Buote
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Soft Tissue Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Ian Porter
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Gregory F Dakin
- Department of Bariatric Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York City, USA
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Frymus J, Trębacz P, Kurkowska A, Pawlik M, Barteczko A, Barański M, Galanty M. Three-Dimensional Models of Liver Vessels for Navigation during Laparotomic Attenuation of Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt in Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2004. [PMID: 37370514 DOI: 10.3390/ani13122004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Laparotomic attenuation of an intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (IHPSS) is more difficult than an extrahepatic one, and results in a higher risk of complications because the identification of the aberrant vessel in the liver remains often a challenge. Excessive preparation and traction of the parenchyma results in trauma, bleeding, and prolonged surgery, which is what worsens the prognosis. Therefore, based on computed tomographic angiography, we printed 3-dimensional (3D) individual patient liver models, scaled 1:1, and used them for surgery planning and as a guide during intraoperative identification of the shunt in four dogs with IHPSS. The advantages of the 3D technology are simple and precise planning of the surgery, fast intraoperative identification of the shunt, and low invasive dissection of the liver parenchyma. We conclude that 3D technology can potentially raise the recovery rate. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first application of 3D models in the surgery of canine IHPSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Frymus
- Department of Small Animal Diseases with Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Trębacz
- Department of Small Animal Diseases with Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kurkowska
- CABIOMEDE Sp. z o. o., Kielce Technology Park, Olszewskiego 6, 25-663 Kielce, Poland
| | - Mateusz Pawlik
- CABIOMEDE Sp. z o. o., Kielce Technology Park, Olszewskiego 6, 25-663 Kielce, Poland
| | - Anna Barteczko
- CABIOMEDE Sp. z o. o., Kielce Technology Park, Olszewskiego 6, 25-663 Kielce, Poland
| | - Michał Barański
- Department of Small Animal Diseases with Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Galanty
- Department of Small Animal Diseases with Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
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Kang J, Yang M, Kwon Y, Jeong C, Kim N, Heo S. Case report: Application of three-dimensional technologies for surgical treatment of portosystemic shunt with segmental caudal vena cava aplasia in two dogs. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:973541. [PMID: 36032305 PMCID: PMC9411943 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.973541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This case report describes the application of three-dimensional (3D) technologies for the surgical treatment of portosystemic shunt (PSS) with segmental caudal vena cava (CVC) aplasia. Two client-owned dogs were diagnosed with PSS along with segmental CVC aplasia using computed tomography. Through 3D volume and surface rendering, the vascular anatomic anomaly of each patient was identified in detail. A patient-specific 3D vascular model was used for preoperative planning. According to the plan established based on the 3D rendered image and printed model, shunt occlusion was performed using cellophane banding in the first case. An ameroid constrictor was used in the second case. Both patients showed good recovery without any clinical symptoms or complications. The use of 3D technologies in small animals has many advantages, and its use in vascular surgery, as in these cases, is also a therapeutic option worth considering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsu Kang
- Department of Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan-si, South Korea
| | - Myungryul Yang
- Department of Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan-si, South Korea
| | - Yonghwan Kwon
- Department of Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan-si, South Korea
| | - Chorok Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan-si, South Korea
| | - Namsoo Kim
- Department of Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan-si, South Korea
| | - Suyoung Heo
- Department of Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan-si, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Suyoung Heo
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Gutmann S, Flegel T, Müller M, Möbius R, Matiasek K, König F, Winkler D, Grunert R. Case Report: Clinical Use of a Patient-Individual Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Based Stereotactic Navigation Device for Brain Biopsies in Three Dogs. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:876741. [PMID: 35915727 PMCID: PMC9337988 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.876741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing techniques for patient-individual medicine has found its way into veterinary neurosurgery. Because of the high accuracy of 3D printed specific neurosurgical navigation devices, it seems to be a safe and reliable option to use patient-individual constructions for sampling brain tissue. Due to the complexity and vulnerability of the brain a particularly precise and safe procedure is required. In a recent cadaver study a better accuracy for the 3D printed MRI-based patient individual stereotactic brain biopsy device for dogs is determined compared to the accuracies of other biopsy systems which are currently used in veterinary medicine. This case report describes the clinical use of this 3D printed MRI-based patient individual brain biopsy device for brain sampling in three dogs. The system was characterized by a simple handling. Furthermore, it was an effective and reliable tool to gain diagnostic brain biopsy samples in dogs with no significant side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Gutmann
- Department for Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- *Correspondence: Sarah Gutmann
| | - Thomas Flegel
- Department for Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marcel Müller
- Medical Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Möbius
- Department for Neurosurgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kaspar Matiasek
- Section of Clinical and Comparative Neuropathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian König
- Small Animal Practice, Neurology, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Dirk Winkler
- Department for Neurosurgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ronny Grunert
- Medical Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology, Dresden, Germany
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