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Zou J, Wu B, Tao Y, Liu Z, Zhao H, Wang P, Liang Y, Qu J, Zhang S. Inhibition of the rapamycin-insensitive mTORC1 /4E-BP1 axis attenuates TGF-β1-induced fibrotic response in human Tenon's fibroblasts. Exp Eye Res 2024; 244:109927. [PMID: 38750784 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Subconjunctival fibrosis is the major cause of failure in both conventional and modern minimally invasive glaucoma surgeries (MIGSs) with subconjunctival filtration. The search for safe and effective anti-fibrotic agents is critical for improving long-term surgical outcomes. In this study, we investigated the effect of inhibiting the rapamycin-insensitive mTORC1/4E-BP1 axis on the transforming growth factor-beta 1(TGF-β1)-induced fibrotic responses in human Tenon's fibroblasts (HTFs), as well as in a rat model of glaucoma filtration surgery (GFS). Primary cultured HTFs were treated with 3 ng/mL TGF-β1 for 24 h, followed by treatment with 10 μM CZ415 for additional 24 h. Rapamycin (10 μM) was utilized as a control for mTORC1/4E-BP1 signaling insensitivity. The expression levels of fibrosis-associated molecules were measured using quantitative real-time PCR, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence analysis. Cell migration was assessed through the scratch wound assay. Additionally, a rat model of GFS was employed to evaluate the anti-fibrotic effect of CZ415 in vivo. Our findings indicated that both rapamycin and CZ415 treatment significantly reduced the TGF-β1-induced cell proliferation, migration, and the expression of pro-fibrotic factors in HTFs. CZ415 also more effectively inhibited TGF-β1-mediated collagen synthesis in HTFs compared to rapamycin. Activation of mTORC1/4E-BP signaling following TGF-β1 exposure was highly suppressed by CZ415 but was only modestly inhibited by rapamycin. Furthermore, CZ415 was found to decrease subconjunctival collagen deposition in rats post GFS. Our results suggest that rapamycin-insensitive mTORC1/4E-BP1 signaling plays a critical role in TGF-β1-driven collagen synthesis in HTFs. This study demonstrated that inhibition of the mTORC1/4E-BP1 axis offers superior anti-fibrotic efficacy compared to rapamycin and represents a promising target for improving the success rate of both traditional and modern GFSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Zou
- The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Binrong Wu
- The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yan Tao
- The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zuimeng Liu
- The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huanyu Zhao
- The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Pin Wang
- The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuanbo Liang
- The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou, China; Glaucoma Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jia Qu
- The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Shaodan Zhang
- The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou, China; Glaucoma Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
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2
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Zhang C, Xiao W, Wang H, Li L, Yang Y, Hao Y, Xu Z, Chen H, Nan W. Exosomes Derived from Mouse Breast Carcinoma Cells Facilitate Diabetic Wound Healing. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2024; 21:571-586. [PMID: 38472732 PMCID: PMC11087414 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-024-00629-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exosomes derived from breast cancer have been reported to play a role in promoting cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis, which has the potential to accelerate the healing process of diabetic wounds. The aim of this investigation was to examine the function of exosomes originating from 4T1 mouse breast carcinoma cells (TEXs) in the process of diabetic wound healing. METHODS The assessment of primary mouse skin fibroblasts cell proliferation and migration was conducted through the utilization of CCK-8 and wound healing assays, while the tube formation of HUVECs was evaluated by tube formation assay. High-throughput sequencing, RT-qPCR and cell experiments were used to detect the roles of miR-126a-3p in HUVECs functions in vitro. The in vivo study employed a model of full-thickness excisional wounds in diabetic subjects to explore the potential therapeutic benefits of TEXs. Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent techniques were utilized to evaluate histological changes in skin tissues. RESULTS The findings suggested that TEXs facilitate diabetic wound healing through the activation of cell migration, proliferation, and angiogenesis. An upregulation of miR-126a-3p has been observed in TEXs, and it has demonstrated efficient transferability from 4T1 cells to HUVEC cells. The activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway has been attributed to miR-126a-3p derived from TEXs. CONCLUSIONS The promotion of chronic wound healing can be facilitated by TEXs through the activation of cellular migration, proliferation, and angiogenesis. The activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway by miR-126a-3p originating from TEXs has been discovered, indicating a potential avenue for enhancing the regenerative capabilities of wounds treated with TEXs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Nano Biomedical Materials Research Center, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Wenchi Xiao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Nano Biomedical Materials Research Center, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Nano Biomedical Materials Research Center, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Linxiao Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Nano Biomedical Materials Research Center, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Yan Yang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Yongwei Hao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Nano Biomedical Materials Research Center, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Zhihao Xu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Nano Biomedical Materials Research Center, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Hongli Chen
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Wenbin Nan
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China.
- College of Life Science and Technology, Nano Biomedical Materials Research Center, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China.
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Wang C, Jiang D. Exogenous PRAS40 reduces KLF4 expression and alleviates hypertrophic scar fibrosis and collagen deposition through inhibiting mTORC1. Burns 2024; 50:936-946. [PMID: 38369439 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2024.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To identify the anti-fibrosis effect of PRAS40 in scar, and its potential mechanism. METHODS We constructed a rat model of hypertrophic scarthat was locally injected the PRAS40 overexpression adenoviruses, mTORC1 inhibitor MHY1485 and activator rapamycin, and further observed the pathological changes of skin tissue and the severity of fibrosis by HE, Masson and sirius red staining, and analyzed the deposition of a-SMA and collagen I by western blot and immunofluorescence test. Meanwhile, the co-localization of KLF4 with a-SMA and type I collagen was analyzed, as well as the regulatory effect of PRAS40 on KLF4. In addition, we also verified whether the inhibition of scar fibrosis by PRAS40 is related to mTORC1, and whether the upregulation of KLF4 is related to mTORC1. RESULTS The results showed that the expression of PRAS40 was low and p-PRAS40 was high in scar skin tissue. After local injection of PRAS40 overexpression adenovirus, the expression of PRAS40 in skin tissue was increased. The overexpression of PRAS40 can inhibit scar skin fibrosis and reduce the content of a-SMA and collagen I. Further mechanism analysis confirms that the inhibitory effect of PRAS40 on skin fibrosis is related to mTORC1, and PRAS40 inhibits the activation of mTORC1. The expression of KLF4 is relatively low in scar tissue. PRAS40 administration upregulated the expression of KLF4, which is related to mTORC1 CONCLUSIONS: PRAS40 significantly improves fibrosis of scar skin tissue and increases the expression of KLF4 in scars. The anti-fibrotic effect of PRAS40 depends on mTORC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, China
| | - Duyin Jiang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, China.
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4
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Chen Y, Roselli S, Panicker N, Brzozowski JS, Skerrett-Byrne DA, Murray HC, Verrills NM. Proteomic and phosphoproteomic characterisation of primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Proteomics 2024; 24:e2300267. [PMID: 37849217 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202300267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblasts are the most common cell type in stroma and function in the support and repair of most tissues. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) are amenable to isolation and rapid growth in culture. MEFs are therefore widely used as a standard model for functional characterisation of gene knockouts, and can also be used in co-cultures, commonly to support embryonic stem cell cultures. To facilitate their use as a research tool, we have performed a comprehensive proteomic and phosphoproteomic characterisation of wild-type primary MEFs from C57BL/6 mice. EIF2/4 and MTOR signalling pathways were abundant in both the proteome and phosphoproteome, along with extracellular matrix (ECM) and cytoskeleton associated pathways. Consistent with this, kinase enrichment analysis identified activation of P38A, P90RSK, P70S6K, and MTOR. Cell surface markers and matrisome proteins were also annotated. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD043244. This provides a comprehensive catalogue of the wild-type MEF proteome and phosphoproteome which can be utilised by the field to guide future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle; and Precision Medicine Program, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Severine Roselli
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle; and Precision Medicine Program, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nikita Panicker
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle; and Cancer Detection and Therapies Program, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joshua S Brzozowski
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle; and Precision Medicine Program, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David A Skerrett-Byrne
- The Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle; and the Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Heather C Murray
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle; and Precision Medicine Program, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicole M Verrills
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle; and Precision Medicine Program, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
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5
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Xu Z, Lv Y, Kong D, Jiang W. Sapanisertib attenuates pulmonary fibrosis by modulating Wnt5a/mTOR signalling. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2023; 133:226-236. [PMID: 37394756 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Sapanisertib is an orally bioavailable ATP-dependent high-potential raptor-mTOR (TORC1) inhibitor with antineoplastic activity. Here, the impact of sapanisertib was assessed on transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-treated L929 and A549 cells and on a rat model of bleomycin pulmonary fibrosis. First, in A549 cells treated with TGF-β1, sapanisertib significantly suppressed the TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition, with elevated and reduced E-cadherin and vimentin expression, respectively. In L929 cells treated with TGF-β1, sapanisertib significantly blocked the TGF-β1-induced cell proliferation, with decreases in the extracellular matrix-related proteins collagens I and III and smooth muscle actin and in the mechanism-related proteins hypoxia-inducing factor, mTOR, p70S6K, and Wnt5a. Compared with bleomycin alone, continuous gavage administration of sapanisertib for 14 days reduced pathological scores in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis rats, with decreases in collagen deposition and in the same proteins as in L929 and A549 cells. Accordingly, our findings show that sapanisertib can ameliorate experimental pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting Wnt5a/mTOR/HIF-1α/p70S6K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehui Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Yunying Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Dexin Kong
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Wanglin Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
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Theodorakopoulou E, McCarthy AD, Almpanis Z, Aguilera SB. Birt-Hogg-Dubé Syndrome: A Rare Genodermatosis Presenting as Skin Papillomas. Aesthet Surg J Open Forum 2023; 5:ojad064. [PMID: 37520842 PMCID: PMC10373902 DOI: 10.1093/asjof/ojad064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The authors present a rare case of Birt-Hogg-Dubé (BHD) syndrome that presented primarily as an aesthetic case. Previous providers failed to accurately diagnose BHD, despite the patient's history of pneumothoraces. This female patient complained of numerous recurrent, small skin-colored growths on the face and neck and patchy hypopigmentation from the multiple treatments she had to undergo for her "bumpy skin." She also suffered 4 spontaneous pneumothoraces. Following histopathologic and genetic testing, the patient was diagnosed with BHD. Computed tomography and ultrasound scans revealed multiple cysts in both lungs and an angiomyolipoma in both kidneys. This patient had undergone a variety of treatments to aesthetically remove and heal her skin bumps from several healthcare providers, all of whom had misdiagnosed her condition. Level of Evidence 5
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alec D McCarthy
- Corresponding Author: Dr Alec D. McCarthy, 6501 Six Forks Rd, Raleigh, NC 27615-6515, USA. E-mail:
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Efficacy of topically applied rapamycin-loaded redox-sensitive nanocarriers in a human skin/T cell co-culture model. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 117:109903. [PMID: 36848792 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Rapamycin, also known as Sirolimus, is a promising anti-proliferative drug, but its therapeutic use for the topical treatment of inflammatory, hyperproliferative skin disorders is limited by insufficient penetration rates due to its high molecular weight (MW of 914.172 g/mol) and high lipophilicity. We have shown that core multi-shell (CMS) nanocarriers sensitive to oxidative environment can improve drug delivery to the skin. In this study, we investigated the mTOR inhibitory activity of these oxidation-sensitive CMS (osCMS) nanocarrier formulations in an inflammatory ex vivo human skin model. In this model, features of inflamed skin were introduced by treating the ex vivo tissue with low-dose serine protease (SP) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), while phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and ionomycin were used to stimulate IL-17A production in the co-cultured SeAx cells. Furthermore, we tried to elucidate the effects of rapamycin on single cell populations isolated from skin (keratinocytes, fibroblast) as well as on SeAx cells. Further, we measured possible effects of the rapamycin formulations on dendritic cell (DC) migration and activation. The inflammatory skin model enabled the assessment of biological readouts at both the tissue and T cell level. All investigated formulations successfully delivered rapamycin across the skin as revealed by reduced IL-17A levels. Nevertheless, only the osCMS formulations reached higher anti-inflammatory effects in the skin compared to the control formulations with a significant downregulation of mTOR activity. These results indicate that osCMS formulations could help to establish rapamycin, or even other drugs with similar physico-chemical properties, in topical anti-inflammatory therapy.
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8
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Zhong L, Yao L, Holdreith N, Yu W, Gui T, Miao Z, Elkaim Y, Li M, Gong Y, Pacifici M, Maity A, Busch TM, Joeng KS, Cengel K, Seale P, Tong W, Qin L. Transient expansion and myofibroblast conversion of adipogenic lineage precursors mediate bone marrow repair after radiation. JCI Insight 2022; 7:150323. [PMID: 35393948 PMCID: PMC9057603 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.150323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation causes a collapse of bone marrow cells and elimination of microvasculature. To understand how bone marrow recovers after radiation, we focused on mesenchymal lineage cells that provide a supportive microenvironment for hematopoiesis and angiogenesis in bone. We recently discovered a nonproliferative subpopulation of marrow adipogenic lineage precursors (MALPs) that express adipogenic markers with no lipid accumulation. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis revealed that MALPs acquire proliferation and myofibroblast features shortly after radiation. Using an adipocyte-specific Adipoq-Cre, we validated that MALPs rapidly and transiently expanded at day 3 after radiation, coinciding with marrow vessel dilation and diminished marrow cellularity. Concurrently, MALPs lost most of their cell processes, became more elongated, and highly expressed myofibroblast-related genes. Radiation activated mTOR signaling in MALPs that is essential for their myofibroblast conversion and subsequent bone marrow recovery at day 14. Ablation of MALPs blocked the recovery of bone marrow vasculature and cellularity, including hematopoietic stem and progenitors. Moreover, VEGFa deficiency in MALPs delayed bone marrow recovery after radiation. Taken together, our research demonstrates a critical role of MALPs in mediating bone marrow repair after radiation injury and sheds light on a cellular target for treating marrow suppression after radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lutian Yao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Nicholas Holdreith
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Gui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zhen Miao
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics
| | - Yehuda Elkaim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mingyao Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics
| | - Yanqing Gong
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics
| | - Maurizio Pacifici
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - Kyu Sang Joeng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Patrick Seale
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Wei Tong
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Wang X, Liu T, Huang Y, Dai Y, Lin H. Regulation of transforming growth factor-β signalling by SUMOylation and its role in fibrosis. Open Biol 2021; 11:210043. [PMID: 34753319 PMCID: PMC8580444 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is an abnormal healing process that only repairs the structure of an organ after injury and does not address damaged functions. The pathogenesis of fibrosis is multifactorial and highly complex; numerous signalling pathways are involved in this process, with the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signalling pathway playing a central role. TGF-β regulates the generation of myofibroblasts and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition by regulating transcription and translation of downstream genes and precisely regulating fibrogenesis. The TGF-β signalling pathway can be modulated by various post-translational modifications, of which SUMOylation has been shown to play a key role. In this review, we focus on the function of SUMOylation in canonical and non-canonical TGF-β signalling and its role in fibrosis, providing promising therapeutic strategies for fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Wang
- First Clinical Medical School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifei Huang
- First Clinical Medical School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifeng Dai
- Second Clinical Medical School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Lin
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
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Jiménez-Uribe AP, Gómez-Sierra T, Aparicio-Trejo OE, Orozco-Ibarra M, Pedraza-Chaverri J. Backstage players of fibrosis: NOX4, mTOR, HDAC, and S1P; companions of TGF-β. Cell Signal 2021; 87:110123. [PMID: 34438016 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The fibrotic process could be easily defined as a pathological excess of extracellular matrix deposition, leading to disruption of tissue architecture and eventually loss of function; however, this process involves a complex network of several signal transduction pathways. Virtually almost all organs could be affected by fibrosis, the most affected are the liver, lung, skin, kidney, heart, and eyes; in all of them, the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) has a central role. The canonical and non-canonical signal pathways of TGF-β impact the fibrotic process at the cellular and molecular levels, inducing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the induction of profibrotic gene expression with the consequent increase in proteins such as alpha-smooth actin (α-SMA), fibronectin, collagen, and other extracellular matrix proteins. Recently, it has been reported that some molecules that have not been typically associated with the fibrotic process, such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 4 (NOX4), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), histone deacetylases (HDAC), and sphingosine-1 phosphate (S1P); are critical in its development. In this review, we describe and discuss the role of these new players of fibrosis and the convergence with TGF-β signaling pathways, unveiling new insights into the panorama of fibrosis that could be useful for future therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tania Gómez-Sierra
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX 04510, Mexico
| | - Omar Emiliano Aparicio-Trejo
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Marisol Orozco-Ibarra
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Molecular y Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Manuel Velasco Suárez, Av. Insurgentes Sur # 3877, La Fama, Alcaldía Tlalpan, CP 14269 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX 04510, Mexico.
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Durant F, Whited JL. Finding Solutions for Fibrosis: Understanding the Innate Mechanisms Used by Super-Regenerator Vertebrates to Combat Scarring. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2100407. [PMID: 34032013 PMCID: PMC8336523 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Soft tissue fibrosis and cutaneous scarring represent massive clinical burdens to millions of patients per year and the therapeutic options available are currently quite limited. Despite what is known about the process of fibrosis in mammals, novel approaches for combating fibrosis and scarring are necessary. It is hypothesized that scarring has evolved as a solution to maximize healing speed to reduce fluid loss and infection. This hypothesis, however, is complicated by regenerative animals, which have arguably the most remarkable healing abilities and are capable of scar-free healing. This review explores the differences observed between adult mammalian healing that typically results in fibrosis versus healing in regenerative animals that heal scarlessly. Each stage of wound healing is surveyed in depth from the perspective of many regenerative and fibrotic healers so as to identify the most important molecular and physiological variances along the way to disparate injury repair outcomes. Understanding how these powerful model systems accomplish the feat of scar-free healing may provide critical therapeutic approaches to the treatment or prevention of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fallon Durant
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative BiologyHarvard UniversityCambridgeMA02138USA
| | - Jessica L. Whited
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative BiologyHarvard UniversityCambridgeMA02138USA
- The Harvard Stem Cell InstituteCambridgeMA02138USA
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12
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Collagen-Containing Fish Sidestream-Derived Protein Hydrolysates Support Skin Repair via Chemokine Induction. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19070396. [PMID: 34356821 PMCID: PMC8303758 DOI: 10.3390/md19070396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Restoring homeostasis following tissue damage requires a dynamic and tightly orchestrated sequence of molecular and cellular events that ensure repair and healing. It is well established that nutrition directly affects skin homeostasis, while malnutrition causes impaired tissue healing. In this study, we utilized fish sidestream-derived protein hydrolysates including fish collagen as dietary supplements, and investigated their effect on the skin repair process using a murine model of cutaneous wound healing. We explored potential differences in wound closure and histological morphology between diet groups, and analyzed the expression and production of factors that participate in different stages of the repair process. Dietary supplementation with fish sidestream-derived collagen alone (Collagen), or in combination with a protein hydrolysate derived from salmon heads (HSH), resulted in accelerated healing. Chemical analysis of the tested extracts revealed that Collagen had the highest protein content and that HSH contained the great amount of zinc, known to support immune responses. Indeed, tissues from mice fed with collagen-containing supplements exhibited an increase in the expression levels of chemokines, important for the recruitment of immune cells into the damaged wound region. Moreover, expression of a potent angiogenic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), was elevated followed by enhanced collagen deposition. Our findings suggest that a 5%-supplemented diet with marine collagen-enriched supplements promotes tissue repair in the model of cutaneous wound healing, proposing a novel health-promoting use of fish sidestreams.
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13
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Wang QG, Cheng BCY, He YZ, Li LJ, Ling Y, Luo G, Wang L, Liang S, Zhang Y. miR-320a in serum exosomes promotes myocardial fibroblast proliferation via regulating the PIK3CA/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in HEH2 cells. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:873. [PMID: 34194551 PMCID: PMC8237386 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) serve an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic heart failure (CHF). A number of reports have illustrated the regulatory effect of serum exosomal miRNA on myocardial fibrosis. The present study aimed to investigate the expression of miR-320a in serum exosomes, as well as the effect of miR-320a on myocardial fibroblast proliferation. Serum exosome samples from 10 patients with CHF and 5 healthy volunteers were obtained and characterized. mRNA and protein expression levels were measured via reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting, respectively. The content of soluble growth stimulation expressed gene 2 (sST2) was determined via ELISA. HEH2 cell viability and apoptosis were detected by performing MTT assays and flow cytometry, respectively. The results demonstrated that serum miR-320a expression levels and sST2 content were significantly increased in patients with CHF compared with healthy controls, and the expression of serum miR-320a was significantly correlated with clinical CHF indexes. miR-320a expression levels were significantly increased in exosomes isolated from patients with CHF compared with those isolated from healthy controls. Phosphoinositide-3-kinase catalytic α polypeptide gene (PIK3CA) expression levels and sST2 content were increased in HEH2 cells following transfection with miR-320a mimics compared with NC-mimic, whereas miR-320a inhibitor displayed contrasting effects by reduced the cell viability and apoptosis in myocardial fibroblasts compared with the NC-inhibitor group. The protein expression levels of collagen I, collagen III, α-smooth muscle actin, phosphorylated (p)-mTOR (ser 2448)/mTOR, p-Akt (ser 473)/Akt, p-Akt (thr 308)/Akt and PIK3CA were significantly increased in miR-320a mimic-transfected HEH2 cells compared with the NC-mimics groups. By contrast, miR-320a inhibitor notably downregulated the expression levels of these proteins compared with the NC-inhibitor group. Collectively, the results of the present study demonstrated that miR-320a promoted myocardial fibroblast proliferation via regulating the PIK3CA/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in HEH2 cells, suggesting that serum exosomal miR-320a may serve as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Gao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530023, P.R. China
| | - Brian Chi-Yan Cheng
- College of Professional and Continuing Education, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Zhou He
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530023, P.R. China
| | - Li-Juan Li
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530023, P.R. China
| | - Yun Ling
- School of Nursing, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530200, P.R. China
| | - Gan Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, P.R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, P.R. China
| | - Shan Liang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530023, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, P.R. China
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14
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Zullo A, Mancini FP, Schleip R, Wearing S, Klingler W. Fibrosis: Sirtuins at the checkpoints of myofibroblast differentiation and profibrotic activity. Wound Repair Regen 2021; 29:650-666. [PMID: 34077595 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fibrotic diseases are still a serious concern for public health, due to their high prevalence, complex etiology and lack of successful treatments. Fibrosis consists of excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix components. As a result, the structure and function of tissues are impaired, thus potentially leading to organ failure and death in several chronic diseases. Myofibroblasts represent the principal cellular mediators of fibrosis, due to their extracellular matrix producing activity, and originate from different types of precursor cells, such as mesenchymal cells, epithelial cells and fibroblasts. Profibrotic activation of myofibroblasts can be triggered by a variety of mechanisms, including the transforming growth factor-β signalling pathway, which is a major factor driving fibrosis. Interestingly, preclinical and clinical studies showed that fibrotic degeneration can stop and even reverse by using specific antifibrotic treatments. Increasing scientific evidence is being accumulated about the role of sirtuins in modulating the molecular pathways responsible for the onset and development of fibrotic diseases. Sirtuins are NAD+ -dependent protein deacetylases that play a crucial role in several molecular pathways within the cells, many of which at the crossroad between health and disease. In this context, we will report the current knowledge supporting the role of sirtuins in the balance between healthy and diseased myofibroblast activity. In particular, we will address the signalling pathways and the molecular targets that trigger the differentiation and profibrotic activation of myofibroblasts and can be modulated by sirtuins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Zullo
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, Benevento, Italy.,CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies s.c.a.r.l. Naples, Italy
| | | | - Robert Schleip
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University Munich, Germany.,Fascia Research Group, Department of Neurosurgery, Ulm University, Germany.,Diploma University of Applied Sciences, Bad Sooden-Allendorf, Germany
| | - Scott Wearing
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University Munich, Germany.,Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Werner Klingler
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University Munich, Germany.,Fascia Research Group, Department of Neurosurgery, Ulm University, Germany.,Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Anaesthesiology, SRH Hospital Sigmaringen, Germany
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15
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Sahu A, Jeon J, Lee MS, Yang HS, Tae G. Nanozyme Impregnated Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Alleviation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:25649-25662. [PMID: 33974389 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c03027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) based therapy holds great potential for treating numerous diseases owing to their capability to heal injured tissue/organs through paracrine factors secretion and immunomodulation. Despite the high hopes, the low viability of transplanted cells in the injured tissues due to the elevated oxidative stress levels remains the largest obstacle in MSC-based cell therapy. To achieve desired therapeutic efficiency, the survival of the transplanted MSCs in the high oxidative stress environment needs to be ensured. Herein, we proposed the use of a ROS-scavenging nanozyme to protect transplanted MSCs from oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis and thereby improve the therapeutic effect. Prussian blue (PB) nanoparticles as a biocompatible ROS-scavenging nanozyme were incorporated into the MSCs without affecting the stemness and differentiation potential of MSCs. The nanozyme impregnation significantly improved the survival of MSCs in a high oxidative stress condition as well as augmented their paracrine effect and anti-inflammatory properties, resulting in a profound therapeutic effect in vivo in the liver ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury animal model. Our results indicated that the nanozyme incorporation into MSCs is a simple but efficient way to improve the therapeutic potential of MSC-based cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Sahu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Jeon
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 FOUR NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Suk Lee
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 FOUR NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Seok Yang
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 FOUR NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Center for Bio-Medical Engineering Core-Facility, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Giyoong Tae
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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16
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Abstract
Numerous individuals suffer from impaired wound healing, such as chronic ulcers, severe burns and immune disorders, resulting in both public health and economic burdens. Skin is the first line of defense and the largest organ of the human body, however, an incomplete understanding of underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of dermal repair leads to a lack of effective therapy for healing impaired wounds. There are strong clinical and social needs for improved therapeutic approaches to enhance endogenous tissue repair and regenerative capacity. The purpose of this review is to illuminate the cellular and molecular aspects of the healing process and highlight potential therapeutic strategies to accelerate translational research and the development of clinical therapies in dermal wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Department of Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangjun Bai
- Department of Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojing Dai
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, The Advanced Technology Genomics Core, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery & Biomedical Engineering, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA
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17
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Sahu A, Jeon J, Lee MS, Yang HS, Tae G. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Prussian blue nanozyme promotes full-thickness skin wound healing. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 119:111596. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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Zheng RH, Zhang WW, Ji YN, Bai XJ, Yan CP, Wang J, Bai F, Zhao ZQ. Exogenous supplement of glucagon like peptide-1 protects the heart against aortic banding induced myocardial fibrosis and dysfunction through inhibiting mTOR/p70S6K signaling and promoting autophagy. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 883:173318. [PMID: 32621911 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and a ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) mediate tissue fibrosis and negatively regulate autophagy. This study aims to investigate whether glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analog liraglutide protects the heart against aortic banding-induced cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction through inhibiting mTOR/p70S6K signaling and promoting autophagy activity. Male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 6/each group): sham operated control; abdominal aortic constriction (AAC); liraglutide treatment during AAC (0.3 mg/kg, injected subcutaneously twice daily); rapamycin treatment during AAC (0.2 mg/kg/day, administered by gastric gavage). Relative to the animals with AAC on week 16, liraglutide treatment significantly reduced heart/body weight ratio, inhibited cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and augmented plasma GLP-1 level and tissue GLP-1 receptor expression. Phosphorylation of mTOR/p70S6K, populations of myofibroblasts and synthesis of collagen I/III in the myocardium were simultaneously inhibited. Furthermore, autophagy regulating proteins: LC3-II/LC3-I ratio and Beclin-1 were upregulated, and p62 was downregulated by liraglutide. Compared with liraglutide group, treatment with rapamycin, a specific inhibitor of mTOR, compatibly augmented GLP-1 receptor level, inhibited phosphorylation of mTOR/p70S6K and expression of p62 as well as increased level of LC3-II/LC3-I ratio and Beclin-1, suggesting that there is an interaction between GLP-1 and mTOR/p70S6K signaling in the regulation of autophagy. In line with these modifications, treatment with liraglutide and rapamycin significantly reduced perivascular/interstitial fibrosis, and preserved systolic/diastolic function. These results suggest that the inhibitory effects of liraglutide on cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction are potentially mediated by inhibiting mTOR/p70S6K signaling and enhancing autophagy activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Hua Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology of Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Department of Medicine, Linfen Vocational and Technical College, Linfen, Shanxi, China
| | - Wei-Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology of Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Ye-Nan Ji
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology of Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Bai
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology of Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Cai-Ping Yan
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology of Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology of Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Feng Bai
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology of Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhi-Qing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology of Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Basic Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA, USA.
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19
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Nrf2 in keratinocytes protects against skin fibrosis via regulating epidermal lesion and inflammatory response. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 174:113846. [PMID: 32032580 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a master transcription factor in antioxidant response, protecting against oxidative damage and various diseases. Previous studies suggest that Nrf2 is suppressed in fibrotic skin and Nrf2 agonists represent a therapeutic strategy, which is mainly attributed to Nrf2 function in fibroblasts. However, constitutive activation of Nrf2 may endow cells with proliferation and survival advantage, facilitating skin tumorigenesis. Non-invasive and mild modulation of Nrf2 via topical application may be helpful. Keratinocytes, which are essential for epidermal formation and function maintenance, have been shown to modulate differentiation of fibroblasts in different stages of fibrosis. In this respect, the role of Nrf2 in keratinocytes in skin fibrosis remains elusive. In the present study, bleomycin (BLM)-induced skin fibrosis model was applied to keratinocyte-specific Nrf2 knockout (Nrf2(K)-KO) mice generated with Keratin 14-Cre/loxp system. BLM treatment significantly suppressed Nrf2 expression in the epidermis. Nrf2 deficiency in keratinocytes exacerbated BLM-induced skin fibrosis according to dermal thickness, and immunostaining of collagen and α-SMA. One-dose BLM treatment led to the emergence of apoptotic cells in the epidermis and an elevated number of macrophages and neutrophils in the dermis, which was aggravated by Nrf2 deficiency, as indicated by TUNEL staining, and expression of F4/80 and Ly6G. In line with in vivo evidence, NRF2 silencing in HaCaT cells significantly decreased cell survival rate in response to BLM due to suppressed expression of antioxidative genes and increased intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The mRNA levels of chemokines and cytokines that are capable of recruiting macrophages and neutrophils, including Mcp-1, Il-6 and Il-8, were increased by Nrf2 deficiency in primary mouse keratinocytes. Moreover, bardoxolone methyl (CDDO-Me), a potent Nrf2 activator, ameliorated BLM-induced skin fibrosis after topical administration. These findings indicate that Nrf2 in keratinocytes protects against skin fibrosis via regulating cell resistance to apoptosis and expression of cytokines and chemokines. The restoration of Nrf2 through topical application might be a potential pharmacologic approach to combat skin fibrosis.
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20
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Jiang D, Rinkevich Y. Scars or Regeneration?-Dermal Fibroblasts as Drivers of Diverse Skin Wound Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E617. [PMID: 31963533 PMCID: PMC7014275 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Scarring and regeneration are two physiologically opposite endpoints to skin injuries, with mammals, including humans, typically healing wounds with fibrotic scars. We aim to provide an updated review on fibroblast heterogeneity as determinants of the scarring-regeneration continuum. We discuss fibroblast-centric mechanisms that dictate scarring-regeneration continua with a focus on intercellular and cell-matrix adhesion. Improved understanding of fibroblast lineage-specific mechanisms and how they determine scar severity will ultimately allow for the development of antiscarring therapies and the promotion of tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuval Rinkevich
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, 81377 Munich, Germany;
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21
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Lin X, Li Y, Luo W, Xiao L, Zhang Z, Zhao J, Liu C, Li Y. Leucine-activated nanohybrid biofilm for skin regeneration via improving cell affinity and neovascularization capacity. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:7966-7976. [DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00958j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nanohybrids containing amino acid are doped into biodegradable nanofibrous membranes, which improves the cell affinity, the migration and growth of fibroblasts, and the neovascularization capacity, comprehensively accelerating a rapid wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiajie Lin
- The Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
| | - Yamin Li
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Wei Luo
- The Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
| | - Lan Xiao
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation
- Queensland University of Technology
- Brisbane
- Australia
- The Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (ACCTERM)
| | - Zeren Zhang
- The Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
| | - Jinzhong Zhao
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Changsheng Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
| | - Yulin Li
- The Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
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22
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Li M, Zhong L, He W, Ding Z, Hou Q, Zhao Y, Yuan J, Liu J, Zhu Z, Lu Q, Fu X. Concentrated Conditioned Medium-Loaded Silk Nanofiber Hydrogels with Sustained Release of Bioactive Factors To Improve Skin Regeneration. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:4397-4407. [PMID: 35021399 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meirong Li
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
- Central Laboratory, Trauma Treatment Center, Central Laboratory, Chinese PLA General Hospital Hainan Branch, Sanya 572014, China
| | - Lingzhi Zhong
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Wenjun He
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Zhaozhao Ding
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biomedical Materials of Jiangsu Province and Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, and School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Hou
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yali Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Trauma Treatment Center, Central Laboratory, Chinese PLA General Hospital Hainan Branch, Sanya 572014, China
| | - Jifang Yuan
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jiejie Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ziying Zhu
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Qiang Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biomedical Materials of Jiangsu Province and Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, and School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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