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Liang XY, Wang Y, Zhu YW, Zhang YX, Yuan H, Liu YF, Jin YQ, Gao W, Ren ZG, Ji XY, Wu DD. Role of hydrogen sulfide in dermatological diseases. Nitric Oxide 2024; 150:18-26. [PMID: 38971520 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2024.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), together with carbon monoxide (CO) and nitric oxide (NO), is recognized as a vital gasotransmitter. H2S is biosynthesized by enzymatic pathways in the skin and exerts significant physiological effects on a variety of biological processes, such as apoptosis, modulation of inflammation, cellular proliferation, and regulation of vasodilation. As a major health problem, dermatological diseases affect a large proportion of the population every day. It is urgent to design and develop effective drugs to deal with dermatological diseases. Dermatological diseases can arise from a multitude of etiologies, including neoplastic growth, infectious agents, and inflammatory processes. The abnormal metabolism of H2S is associated with many dermatological diseases, such as melanoma, fibrotic diseases, and psoriasis, suggesting its therapeutic potential in the treatment of these diseases. In addition, therapies based on H2S donors are being developed to treat some of these conditions. In the review, we discuss recent advances in the function of H2S in normal skin, the role of altering H2S metabolism in dermatological diseases, and the therapeutic potential of diverse H2S donors for the treatment of dermatological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yi Liang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Yi-Wen Zhu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Yan-Xia Zhang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Hang Yuan
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Ya-Fang Liu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Yu-Qing Jin
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Zhi-Guang Ren
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China; Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China.
| | - Xin-Ying Ji
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China; Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China; Faculty of Basic Medical Subjects, Shu-Qing Medical College of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan 450064, China.
| | - Dong-Dong Wu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China; Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China; Department of Stomatology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China.
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Kidzeru EB, Sinkala M, Chalwa T, Matobole R, Alkelani M, Ghasemishahrestani Z, Mbandi SK, Blackburn J, Tabb DL, Adeola HA, Khumalo NP, Bayat A. Subcellular Fractionation and Metaproteogenomic Identification and Validation of Key Differentially Expressed Molecular Targets for Keloid Disease. J Invest Dermatol 2024:S0022-202X(24)01972-9. [PMID: 39122141 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Keloid disease (KD) is a common connective tissue disorder of unknown aetiopathogenesis with ill-defined treatment. Keloid scars present as exophytic fibroproliferative reticular lesions postcutaneous injury, and even though KD remains neoplastically benign, keloid lesions behave locally aggressive, invasive and expansive. To date, there is limited understanding and validation of biomarkers identified through combined proteomic and genomic evaluation of KD. Therefore, the aim in this study was to identify putative causative candidates in KD by performing a comprehensive proteomics analysis of subcellular fractions as well as the whole cell, coupled with transcriptomics data analysis of normal compared with KD fibroblasts. We then applied novel integrative bioinformatics analysis to demonstrate that NF-kB-p65 (RELA) from the cytosolic fraction and CAPN2 from the whole-cell lysate were statistically significantly upregulated in KD and associated with alterations in relevant key signaling pathways, including apoptosis. Our findings were further confirmed by showing upregulation of both RELA and CAPN2 in KD using flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Moreover, functional evaluation using real-time cell analysis and flow cytometry demonstrated that both omeprazole and dexamethasone inhibited the growth of KD fibroblasts by enhancing the rate of apoptosis. In conclusion, subcellular fractionation and metaproteogenomic analyses have identified, to our knowledge, 2 previously unreported biomarkers of significant relevance to keloid diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvis B Kidzeru
- MRC-SA Wound Healing and Keloid Research Unit, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, and Immunology Laboratory (LAMMII), Centre for Research on Health and Priority Pathologies (CRSPP), Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plant Studies (IMPM), Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiation Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Musalula Sinkala
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Temwani Chalwa
- MRC-SA Wound Healing and Keloid Research Unit, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Relebohile Matobole
- MRC-SA Wound Healing and Keloid Research Unit, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Madeha Alkelani
- MRC-SA Wound Healing and Keloid Research Unit, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Zeinab Ghasemishahrestani
- MRC-SA Wound Healing and Keloid Research Unit, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Stanley K Mbandi
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Cape Town, South Africa; Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jonathan Blackburn
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - David L Tabb
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; Bioinformatics Unit, South African Tuberculosis Bioinformatics Initiative, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Henry Ademola Adeola
- MRC-SA Wound Healing and Keloid Research Unit, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nonhlanhla P Khumalo
- MRC-SA Wound Healing and Keloid Research Unit, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ardeshir Bayat
- MRC-SA Wound Healing and Keloid Research Unit, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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Ningsih SS, Fadilah F, Jusman SWA, Syaidah R, Yashiro T. Profibrotic Inflammatory Cytokines and Growth Factors Are Predicted as the Key Targets of Uncaria gambir (Hunter) Roxb. in Keloids: An Epistatic and Molecular Simulation Approach. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:662. [PMID: 38931330 PMCID: PMC11206663 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Keloid is characterized as the fibrotic tissue resulting from the increase of fibroblast activity. Uncaria gambir (Hunter) Roxb. possesses bioactive compounds that have potential as antifibrotic agents, while the mechanism of action in keloid has not yet been elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction of gambir bioactive compounds with keloid target proteins using an epistatic and molecular simulation approach. The known bioactive compounds of gambir targets and keloid-related protein targets were screened using databases. The network was constructed and analyzed to obtain the core protein targets. The targets were enriched to describe the Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway related to the proteins. Eleven targets were defined as the main targets of gambir bioactive compounds related to keloid disease. Gambiriin C, Isogambirine, and Procyanidin B1 were identified as the most promising compounds with the highest binding energy to transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1), AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT1), and matrix metallopeptidase 1 (MMP1) as the target proteins. GO enrichment and pathway analysis found that gambir bioactive compounds may act on keloid-related target proteins to regulate cell proliferation, migration, transcription, and signal transduction activity via profibrotic cytokine and growth factor signaling pathways. This study provides a reference for potential targets, compounds, and pathways to explain the mechanism of gambir against keloid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Suciati Ningsih
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia; (S.S.N.); (F.F.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. Hamka, Jakarta 12130, Indonesia
| | - Fadilah Fadilah
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia; (S.S.N.); (F.F.)
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Sri Widia A. Jusman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia;
- Center of Hypoxia and Oxidative Stress Studies, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Rahimi Syaidah
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia; (S.S.N.); (F.F.)
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Takashi Yashiro
- Department of Histology, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan;
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Komulainen T, Daymond P, Hietanen KE, Kaartinen IS, Järvinen TAH. Myofibroblasts reside in the middle dermis of the keloids but do not predict the response to injection therapies: a double-blinded, randomized, controlled trial. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1293028. [PMID: 38495113 PMCID: PMC10943694 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1293028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Keloids form as a pathological response to skin wound healing, and their etiopathology is poorly understood. Myofibroblasts, which are cells transformed from normal fibroblasts, are believed to contribute to pathological scar formation in wounds. Methods We carried out a double-blinded randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing the efficacy of intralesional 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and triamcinolone (TAC) injections in treating keloids. A total of 43 patients with 50 keloids were treated with either intralesional TAC or 5-FU injections, and their clinical response was evaluated. Biopsies were collected before, during, and after injection therapy from the active border of a keloid. To understand the role of myofibroblasts in keloids, we conducted an immunohistochemical analysis to identify myofibroblasts [α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA)] from the biopsies. We first defined the three histologically distinct regions-superficial, middle, and deep dermis-in each keloid. Results We then demonstrated that myofibroblasts almost exclusively exist in the middle dermis of the keloids as 80% of the cells in the middle dermis were αSMA positive. However, both the percentage of myofibroblasts as well as the area covered by them was substantially lower in the superficial and deep dermis than in the middle dermis of the keloids. Myofibroblasts do not predict the clinical response to intralesional injection therapies. There is no difference in the myofibroblast numbers in keloids or in the induced change in myofibroblasts between the responders and non-responders after treatment. Discussion This study demonstrates that myofibroblasts reside almost exclusively in the middle dermis layer of the keloids, but their numbers do not predict the clinical response to intralesional injection therapies in the RCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuomas Komulainen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Musculoskeletal Surgery and Diseases, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Patrik Daymond
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kristiina E. Hietanen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hospital Nova, Wellbeing Services County of Central Finland, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Ilkka S. Kaartinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Musculoskeletal Surgery and Diseases, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tero A. H. Järvinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Musculoskeletal Surgery and Diseases, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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Zhao Y, Li M, Mao J, Su Y, Huang X, Xia W, Leng X, Zan T. Immunomodulation of wound healing leading to efferocytosis. SMART MEDICINE 2024; 3:e20230036. [PMID: 39188510 PMCID: PMC11235971 DOI: 10.1002/smmd.20230036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Effectively eliminating apoptotic cells is precisely controlled by a variety of signaling molecules and a phagocytic effect known as efferocytosis. Abnormalities in efferocytosis may bring about the development of chronic conditions, including angiocardiopathy, chronic inflammatory diseases and autoimmune diseases. During wound healing, failure of efferocytosis leads to the collection of apoptosis, the release of necrotic material and chronic wounds that are difficult to heal. In addition to the traditional phagocytes-macrophages, other important cell species including dendritic cells, neutrophils, vascular endothelial cells, fibroblasts and keratinocytes contribute to wounding healing. This review summarizes how efferocytosis-mediated immunomodulation plays a repair-promoting role in wound healing, providing new insights for patients suffering from various cutaneous wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Department of Cosmetic and Plastic SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Minxiong Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jiayi Mao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yinghong Su
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Wenzheng Xia
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xiangfeng Leng
- Department of Cosmetic and Plastic SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Tao Zan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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Wang J, Yu N, Wang G, Wang R, Li L, Jiang Y, Sui H, Sun Y, Li Z, Long X, Zhu Z. 68 Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT in Assessment of Fibroblast Activation in Keloids : A Prospective Pilot Study. Clin Nucl Med 2024; 49:16-22. [PMID: 38015039 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000004913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Keloids are benign fibroproliferative disorders characterized by the massive proliferation of fibroblasts. Fibroblast activation plays a key role in the invasive growth of keloids. Therefore, a prospective pilot study was conducted to explore the value of 68 Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT in the assessment of keloids activity. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-five patients with keloid were enrolled to conduct 68 Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT. All patients accepted surgery to remove part of the lesions within 1 week. SUV mean and SUV max were measured for semiquantitative analysis and compared with the Vancouver Scar Scale, Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging, pathology, and immunohistochemical stains. RESULTS A total of 123 lesions were detected in 25 patients, most of which were distributed in the anterior chest wall. The 68 Ga-FAPI-04 uptake was significantly different at different sites ( P < 0.0001). There was uptake heterogeneity within the keloid lesions, and a significant difference was found between the edge and center of some large lesions. The SUV max of 68 Ga-FAPI-04 showed significantly correlation with the Vancouver Scar Scale ( r = 0.565, P < 0.0001) moderately and the Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging parameters mildly. The SUV max of 68 Ga-FAPI-04 had a moderate correlation with FAPI expression ( r = 0.520, P = 0.022). Moreover, collagen, fibroblast activator protein, and Ki-67 expression were found higher at the edges of keloid tissue than in the center. CONCLUSIONS 68 Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT can reflect the distribution characteristics of activated fibroblasts in keloid tissue and may provide a novel method for keloid evaluation for further fibroblast-related therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nanze Yu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yixin Sun
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijin Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Long
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
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Tosa M, Abe Y, Egawa S, Hatakeyama T, Iwaguro C, Mitsugi R, Moriyama A, Sano T, Ogawa R, Tanaka N. The HEDGEHOG-GLI1 pathway is important for fibroproliferative properties in keloids and as a candidate therapeutic target. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1235. [PMID: 38062202 PMCID: PMC10703807 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05561-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Keloids are benign fibroproliferative skin tumors caused by aberrant wound healing that can negatively impact patient quality of life. The lack of animal models has limited research on pathogenesis or developing effective treatments, and the etiology of keloids remains unknown. Here, we found that the characteristics of stem-like cells from keloid lesions and the surrounding dermis differ from those of normal skin. Furthermore, the HEDGEHOG (HH) signal and its downstream transcription factor GLI1 were upregulated in keloid patient-derived stem-like cells. Inhibition of the HH-GLI1 pathway reduced the expression of genes involved in keloids and fibrosis-inducing cytokines, including osteopontin. Moreover, the HH signal inhibitor vismodegib reduced keloid reconstituted tumor size and keloid-related gene expression in nude mice and the collagen bundle and expression of cytokines characteristic for keloids in ex vivo culture of keloid tissues. These results implicate the HH-GLI1 pathway in keloid pathogenesis and suggest therapeutic targets of keloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamiko Tosa
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Abe
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan
| | - Seiko Egawa
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan
| | - Tomoka Hatakeyama
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan
| | - Chihiro Iwaguro
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Mitsugi
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan
| | - Ayaka Moriyama
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan
| | - Takumi Sano
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan
| | - Rei Ogawa
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan.
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Liu H, Chi X, Yang N, Shan M, Xiao Y, Zhang M, Hao Y, Hou S, Liu Y, Wang Y. Joint effect of RRP9 and DDX21 on development of colorectal cancer and keloid. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:14703-14719. [PMID: 37988222 PMCID: PMC10781455 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignancy in the gastrointestinal tract. Keloid refers to abnormal scar tissue that forms on the skin or mucous membrane. The relationship between RRP9 and DDX21 and the two diseases is unclear. METHODS Download the colorectal cancer dataset GSE134834, GSE206800, GSE209892 and keloid dataset GSE44270 from the GEO database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed. The construction and analysis of protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, functional enrichment analysis, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Gene expression heat map was drawn. The comparative toxicogenomics database (CTD) analysis was performed to find diseases most related to core genes. TargetScan screened miRNAs that regulated central DEGs. We conducted experimental validation using Western blotting and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). RESULTS In the colorectal cancer dataset and the scar tissue dataset, we identified 1380 DEGs and 1000 DEGs, respectively. The enrichment pattern for scar tissue was similar to that of colorectal cancer. We identified two core genes, RRP9 and DDX21. CTD analysis indicated that RRP9 and DDX21 are associated with proliferation, scar tissue, colorectal tumors, scleroderma, and inflammation. We found that the core genes (RRP9 and DDX21) were highly expressed in colorectal cancer and scar tissue samples, while their expression was lower in normal samples. This was further validated through Western blotting (WB) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). CONCLUSIONS The higher the expression of RRP9 and DDX21 in colorectal cancer and keloid, the worse the prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqian Chi
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Mengjie Shan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yiding Xiao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mingzi Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Hao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shiyang Hou
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yabin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Youbin Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
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Li Z, Zhang C, Zhang Q, Dong Y, Sha X, Jiang M, Yan J, Wang W, Li H, Zhang Y, Zhou YL. Identification of a potential bioinformatics-based biomarker in keloids and its correlation with immune infiltration. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:476. [PMID: 37915086 PMCID: PMC10621210 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01421-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Keloid formation is a pathological consequence resulting from cutaneous irritation and injury, primarily attributed to excessive collagen matrix deposition and fibrous tissue proliferation. Chronic inflammation, left uncontrolled over an extended period, also stands as a substantial contributing factor. The precise mechanisms underlying keloid formation remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to identify key genes for diagnostic purposes. To achieve this, we used two Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data sets to identify differentially expressed genes. We identified one particular gene, homeobox C9 (HOXC9), using a thorough strategy involving two algorithms (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator and support vector machine-recursive feature elimination) and weighted gene co-expression network analysis. We then assessed its expression in normal and keloid tissues. In addition, we explored its temporal expression patterns via Mfuzz time clustering analysis. In our comprehensive analysis, we observed that immune infiltration, as well as cell proliferation, are crucial to keloid formation. Thus, we investigated immune cell infiltration in the keloid and normal groups, as well as the correlation between HOXC9 and these immune cells. It was found that HOXC9 was closely associated with the immune microenvironment of keloids. This shows that HOXC9 can serve as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for keloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Li
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Nantong University, Nantong, China
- The Hand Surgery Research Center, Department of Hand Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chuwei Zhang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Qingrong Zhang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, State Key Lab of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yipeng Dong
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xinyu Sha
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wenmiao Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Houqiang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - You Lang Zhou
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.
- The Hand Surgery Research Center, Department of Hand Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.
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10
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Hou S, Chen Q, Chen XD. The Clinical Efficacy of Punch Excision Combined With Intralesional Steroid Injection for Keloid Treatment. Dermatol Surg 2023; 49:S70-S74. [PMID: 37116004 DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000003776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conservative and nonconservative treatments are available for keloids. However, few studies have explored the effectiveness of punch excision in keloid treatment. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of punch excision combined with intralesional steroid injection for keloid treatment. METHODS In this prospective, randomized, controlled trial, 81 patients were randomly divided into 2 groups. The patients in the treatment group were initially treated with punch excision combined with intralesional steroid injection, followed by injection treatment alone. The patients in the control group received intralesional steroid injection alone. The keloid thickness before and after the punch excision was evaluated; the keloid scores at different time points and the number of injection treatments required in both groups were compared, and adverse reactions were observed. RESULTS The mean thickness after punch excision was lower (p < .05), injection treatments were fewer (p < .05), keloid scores were significantly lower (p < .05), and incidence rate of long-term adverse effects was lower in the treatment group than in the control group (p < .05). CONCLUSION The combination of punch excision and intralesional steroid injection has a notable therapeutic effect on keloids, shortening the treatment course without evident adverse reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Hou
- All authors are affiliated with the Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
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11
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Keni R, Begum F, Gourishetti K, Viswanatha GL, Nayak PG, Nandakumar K, Shenoy RR. Diabetic wound healing approaches: an update. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2023; 34:137-150. [PMID: 34995024 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2021-0340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic wounds are of profound clinical importance. Despite immense efforts directed towards its management, it results in the development of amputations, following a diagnosis of diabetic foot. With a better understanding of the complexities of the microbalance involved in the healing process, researchers have developed advanced methods for the management of wounds as well as diagnostic tools (especially, for wound infections) to be delivered to clinics sooner. In this review, we address the newer developments that hope to drive the transition from bench to bedside in the coming decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghuvir Keni
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Farmiza Begum
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Karthik Gourishetti
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Pawan Ganesh Nayak
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Krishnadas Nandakumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Rekha R Shenoy
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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12
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Xu H, Wang Z, Yang H, Zhu J, Hu Z. Bioinformatics analysis and identification of dysregulated
POSTN
in the pathogenesis of keloid. Int Wound J 2022; 20:1700-1711. [PMID: 36517972 PMCID: PMC10088861 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.14031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Keloid is a benign fibro-proliferative dermal tumour formed by an abnormal scarring response to injury and characterised by excessive collagen accumulation and invasive growth. The pathophysiology of keloids is complex, and the treatment for keloids is still an unmet medical need. Here, we investigated the transcriptional gene that influences keloid development by comparing keloid, non-lesioned keloid skin and normal skin as well as keloid fibroblast and normal fibroblast (GSE83286, GSE92566, GSE44270). Based on the analysis, 146 up-regulated genes and 48 down-regulated genes were found in keloid tissue compared with normal skin and keloid no-lesioned skin. Eleven genes were further identified by overlapping the DEGs from keloid tissue described previously with DEGs in keloid fibroblast. The overlapped genes included PRR16, SFRP2, EDIL3, GERM1, POSTN, PDE3A, GALNT5, F2RL2, EYA4, ZFHX4, and AIM2. POSTN is the most crucial node in PPI network, which mainly correlate to collagen-related genes. Moreover, siRNA knockdown identified POSTN is a crucial regulatory gene that regulates keloid fibroblast migration and collagen I, collagen III expression level. In conclusion, our study identified 11 hub genes that play crucial role in keloid formation and provided insights for POSTN to be the therapeutic target for keloid through bioinformatic analysis of three datasets. Additionally, our results would support the development of future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailin Xu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Hao Yang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Jiayuan Zhu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Zhicheng Hu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
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13
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Chen L, Su Y, Yin B, Li S, Cheng X, He Y, Jia C. LARP6 Regulates Keloid Fibroblast Proliferation, Invasion, and Ability to Synthesize Collagen. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:2395-2405.e7. [PMID: 35176288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Keloid is a skin fibroproliferative disease currently having no uniformly successful treatment. The lesion is composed of actively proliferating and collagen-overproducing fibroblasts. LARP6 is an RNA-binding protein able to regulate collagen synthesis in fibroblasts and to promote proliferation and invasion of tumor cells. To explore LARP6's likely functions in keloid pathogenesis, we performed immunohistochemistry staining on human keloid tissues and discovered markedly upregulated LARP6 expression in lesion fibroblasts compared with that of normal skin and hypertrophic scar tissues. In addition, the keloid tissue‒derived fibroblasts showed constitutive upregulation of LARP6 expression as well as significantly upregulated mRNA and protein expressions of type I collagen and enhanced cell proliferation and invasive behavior in cell culture system. Intriguingly, LARP6 knockdown by targeting with small interfering RNAs significantly inhibited type I collagen expression, proliferation, and invasion capability of keloid tissue‒derived fibroblasts relative to that of normal skin‒ and hypertrophic scar‒derived fibroblasts and control keloid tissue‒derived fibroblasts that were transfected with a scrambled small interfering RNA. In conclusion, the abnormally upregulated expression of LARP6 in fibroblasts may play an important role in the growth and invasive behavior of keloid lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxi Chen
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yingjun Su
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Plastic Surgery Hospital, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Bin Yin
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shu Li
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xialin Cheng
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yan He
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chiyu Jia
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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14
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Hydrogen Sulfide Suppresses Skin Fibroblast Proliferation via Oxidative Stress Alleviation and Necroptosis Inhibition. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7434733. [PMID: 35774378 PMCID: PMC9239837 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7434733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Keloid is a common dermatofibrotic disease with excessive skin fibroblast proliferation. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as the third gasotransmitter improves fibrosis of various organs and tissues. Our study is aimed at investigating the effects and possible mechanisms of H2S on skin fibroblast proliferation. Scar tissues from six patients with keloid and discarded skin tissue from six normal control patients were collected after surgery, respectively. Plasma H2S content and skin H2S production in patients with keloid were measured. Keloid fibroblasts and transforming growth factor-β1- (TGF-β1, 10 ng/mL) stimulated normal skin fibroblasts were pretreated with H2S donor as NaHS (50 μM) for 4 h. Cell migration after scratch was assessed. The expressions of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), collagen I, and collagen III were detected by immunofluorescence, real-time PCR, and/or Western blot. Intracellular superoxide anion and mitochondrial superoxide were evaluated by dihydroethidium (DHE) and MitoSOX staining, respectively. Mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by JC-1 staining. Apoptotic cells were detected by TDT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). The expressions of receptor interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), RIPK3, and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) were measured by Western blot. We found that H2S production was impaired in both the plasma and skin of patients with keloid. In keloid fibroblasts and TGF-β1-stimulated normal skin fibroblasts, exogenous H2S supplementation suppressed the expressions of α-SMA, PCNA, collagen I, and collagen III, reduced intracellular superoxide anion and mitochondrial superoxide, improved the mitochondrial membrane potential, decreased the positive rate of TUNEL staining, and inhibited RIPK1 and RIPK3 expression as well as MLKL phosphorylation. Overall, H2S suppressed skin fibroblast proliferation via oxidative stress alleviation and necroptosis inhibition.
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15
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Xie J, Cao Y, Chen L, Wang M. Response: Commentary: Single-Cell Sequencing Analysis and Weighted CoExpression Network Analysis Based on Public Databases Identified That TNC Is a Novel Biomarker for Keloid. Front Immunol 2022; 13:923283. [PMID: 35837392 PMCID: PMC9273885 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.923283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaheng Xie
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Cao
- Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Fuyang Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Ming Wang,
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16
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Yu Q, Zhu Y, Huang R, Li Y, Song L, Zhang X, Tang M, Gu Q, Li P, Zhou N, Li Y. Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: Utility of high-resolution dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI. Skin Res Technol 2022; 28:651-663. [PMID: 35639715 PMCID: PMC9907642 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a kind of low-grade malignant spindle cell neoplasm, the diagnosis, and treatment, which have markedly attracted clinicians' attention for its repeated recurrence. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HR-MRI) has shown unique capabilities in diagnosis of various cutaneous tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data of 29 patients with clinically suspected DFSPs and undergoing dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) HR-MRI preoperatively were prospectively collected. The HR-MRI qualitative features were evaluated and compared. The DCE-associated quantitative parameters and the time-signal intensity curve (TIC) types were provided using DCE sequences. RESULTS A total of 7 DFSPs, nine dermatofibromas (DF, including four cases of cellular variant [CDF]), 12 keloids, and one nodular fasciitis were enrolled. DFSP showed the largest major diameter and the deepest depth. Five DFSPs (71.4%) showed ill-defined margins as well as infiltration of peripheral adipose. All DFSPs showed irregular shape. Most DFSPs presented hyperintensity on T2 WI (71.4%) and iso-intensity on T1 WI (85.7%). Six cases (85.7%) had significant enhancement, and six cases (85.7%) had homogeneous enhancement. There were significant differences of Ktrans , Kep , Ve and iAUC values among DFSPs, DFs, and keloids, and DFSP had the highest values for these parameters. Six DFSPs (85.7%) and four CDFs (100%) showed type-III TICs, while the other lesions showed type-Ⅰor type-Ⅱ TICs. CONCLUSIONS DCE-HR-MRI could show the growth characteristics of DFSPs, which was of great value for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of DFSPs and was helpful for the determination of treatment options, thereby to improve the prognosis of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyu Yu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yueqian Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Renjun Huang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Linyi Song
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Mengxiao Tang
- Department of Radiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinghua Gu
- Department of Radiology, Suzhou Yongding Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Naihui Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yonggang Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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17
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Li X, Zhu Z, Xu Y, Xu S. The Downregulated Lipo-Related Gene Expression Pattern in Keloid Indicates Fat Graft Is a Potential Clinical Option for Keloid. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:846895. [PMID: 35677827 PMCID: PMC9168263 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.846895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Keloids are a common complication of wounds, often manifesting with continuous hyperplasia and aggressive growth. Keloids also have a high recurrence rate and are largely resistant to treatment, making them clinically incurable, highlighting the need to translate basic research into clinical practice. Materials and Methods We used GSE158395 and GSE92566 as discovery datasets to identify specific enriched hub genes and lncRNAs associated with keloid development and progression. This data was then used to identify the competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) in these pathways by using a bidirectional selection method. Then, all hub genes and lncRNAs in ceRNAs were validated using GSE90051, GSE178562, and GSE175866, which describe the transcriptional profiles of keloid tissues, fibroblasts from pathological scars, and keloid fibroblast subpopulations, respectively. The keloid tissues were measured with qPCR. Results Both fat-associated biological processes and fat cell differentiation were enriched in the downregulated gene set. Further evaluation revealed that all 11 hub genes were lipo-related, and most of these were differentially expressed in all three validation datasets. We then identified a clear ceRNA network within the data comprising six hub genes and four lncRNAs. Evaluations of the validation datasets confirmed that all six of these hub genes and two of the four lncRNAs were downregulated in keloid tissues; two hub genes and one lncRNA were downregulated in fibroblasts from pathological scars; and five hub genes and one lncRNA were significantly downregulated in mesenchymal subpopulation. Three genes had statistical difference and eight genes showed downregulated trend through qPCR of the keloid tissue. Conclusion Our results suggest that keloid development relies on the downregulation of lipo-related genes and pre-adipocytes in diseased tissues and may be one of the key mechanisms underlying fat grafting-mediated treatment of pathological scarring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yangbin Xu
- Yangbin Xu ; orcid.org/0000-0002-2587-9619
| | - Shuqia Xu
- *Correspondence: Shuqia Xu ; orcid.org/0000-0003-1004-4202
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18
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Xia Y, Wang Y, Xiao Y, Shan M, Hao Y, Zhang L. Identification of a Diagnostic Signature and Immune Cell Infiltration Characteristics in Keloids. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:879461. [PMID: 35669563 PMCID: PMC9163372 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.879461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Keloid disorder is a recurrent fibroproliferative cutaneous tumor. Due to the lack of early identification of keloid patients before the formation of keloids, it is impossible to carry out pre-traumatic intervention and prevention for these patients. This led us to identify and determine signatures with diagnostic significance for keloids. Methods: Public series of matrix files were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were calculated from expression profiling data, and the diagnostic signature was identified by constructing a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. The diagnostic efficacy of the screened signature was assessed by employing receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Furthermore, we calculated the proportion of different immune cells in the gene expression matrix microenvironment by the “ssGSEA” algorithm, and assessed the difference in immune cell abundance between keloids and control groups and the relationship between the signature and immune cell infiltration. Clinical keloid and normal skin tissues were collected, and the expression of the screened diagnostic signature was validated by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemical assay. Results: By screening the key genes in PPI, TGM2 was recognized and validated as a diagnostic signature and the infiltrating abundance of 10 immune cells was significantly correlated with TGM2 expression. Gene ontology enrichment analysis demonstrated that TGM2 and molecules interacting with it were mainly enriched in processes involving wound healing and collagen fiber organization. TGM2 correlated positively with HIF-1A (R = 0.82, p-value = 1.4e-05), IL6 (R = 0.62, p-value = 0.0053), and FN1 (R = 0.66, p-value = 0.0019). Besides, TGM2 was significantly upregulated in clinical keloid samples compared to normal skin tissues. Conclusion: TGM2 may serve as an auxiliary diagnostic indicator for keloids. However, the role of TGM2 in keloids has not been adequately reported in the current literature, which may provide a new direction for molecular studies of keloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Xia
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Youbin Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Youbin Wang,
| | - Yingjie Xiao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengjie Shan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Hao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lingyun Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, China
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19
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Xia Y, Wang Y, Xiao Y. Commentary: Single-Cell Sequencing Analysis and Weighted Co-Expression Network Analysis Based on Public Databases Identified That TNC Is a Novel Biomarker for Keloid. Front Immunol 2022; 13:868685. [PMID: 35444665 PMCID: PMC9013962 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.868685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Xia
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Youbin Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yingjie Xiao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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20
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CircSLC8A1 targets miR-181a-5p/HIF1AN pathway to inhibit the growth, migration and extracellular matrix deposition of human keloid fibroblasts. Burns 2022; 49:622-632. [PMID: 35610079 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2022.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are identified as important regulators in human diseases, including keloid. The purpose of this study is to reveal the role and molecular mechanism of circSLC8A1 in keloid formation. METHODS Expression of circSLC8A1, microRNA (miR)-181a-5p, and hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha inhibitor (HIF1AN) were detected by quantitative real-time PCR. Protein expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition markers and HIF1AN was detected by western blot analysis. Furthermore, the interaction between miR-181a-5p and circSLC8A1 or HIF1AN was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay, RIP assay and RNA pull-down assay. RESULTS Expression of circSLC8A1 was downregulated in keloid tissues and HKFs. Overexpression of circSLC8A1 suppressed HKFs proliferation, migration, ECM deposition, and promoted apoptosis. MiR-181a-5p is targeted by circSLC8A1, and its mimic reversed the effect of circSLC8A1 on the biological function of HKFs. HIF1AN was a target of miR-181a-5p, and it was positively regulated by circSLC8A1. Knockdown of HIF1AN also reversed the negatively regulation of circSLC8A1 on the biological functions of HKFs. CONCLUSION Our data showed that circSLC8A1 regulates the miR-181a-5p/HIF1AN axis to restrain HKFs biological functions, confirming that circSLC8A1 might serve as a novel therapeutic target for keloids.
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21
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Yu N, Zhang M, Chen C, Liang Z, Meng T, Pan D, Zhang H, Zhang Q. Giant pilomatrixoma with bullous appearance on the back: a case report and discussion of misdiagnosis. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21:4245-4248. [PMID: 35332644 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pilomatrixoma is a benign asymptomatic skin tumor that forms from hair follicle matrix cells. Most are under 3 cm in diameter and occur on the head, face, or neck. Bullous appearance is very rare in pilomatrixoma. In this case report, we present a case of bullous pilomatrixoma of unusual size, region, symptoms, and patient age. It had been misdiagnosed as a keloid and as dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. Early treatments were ineffective. The patient approached our outpatient facility and underwent excision. He was then diagnosed with pilomatrixoma by pathological examination. The clinical appearance of this case was quite difficult to diagnose, even MRI and B-ultrasonic examinations provided limited diagnostic evidence. Given the revelations from this case, we reemphasize the importance of performing a biopsy (if patients refused operation or preferred conservative treatment) before any invasive treatment to minimize economic or time loss of patients who have difficulties in diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanze Yu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mingzi Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengyun Liang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Meng
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Deli Pan
- Department of Radiology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Huangdao district of Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Hailin Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
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22
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Ud-Din S, Bayat A. Classification of Distinct Endotypes in Human Skin Scarring: S.C.A.R.-A Novel Perspective on Dermal Fibrosis. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2022; 11:109-120. [PMID: 33677998 PMCID: PMC8742286 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2020.1364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Significance: Skin scarring is a permanent, irreversible end point of cutaneous injury. However, not everyone will acquire the same exact scar type. Skin scarring is generally recognized as complex with significant variability in individuals' scar type and response to treatment. Despite these tangible differences in treatment response, to date there has been no simplified approach in defining spectrum of skin scarring in relation to prediction and outcome post-treatment. Thus, in this study we propose that skin scarring consists of distinct endotypes, which is characterized by their specific pathology. Four distinct scar endotypes can be observed: (1) Stretched (flat), (2) Contracted, (3) Atrophic (depressed), and (4) Raised scarring, which can be abbreviated to S.C.A.R. endotypes. Each of these endotypes can certainly include subphenotypes and each phenotype can be present in more than one endotype. To define these endotypes, we also present a structured approach in assessment of all relevant parameters in skin scar evaluation including clinical (scar symptoms and signs) and nonclinical parameters (device measurements of structural, mechanical, and physiological properties of scars as well as gene and protein laboratory studies). Recent Advances: Scars can be phenotypically characterized based on a multitude of parameters assessed; however, not all scar types will share all the same characteristics. This leads to the question of whether skin scarring is a single disease entity with varying phenotypic characteristics or should be classed as several disease entities that have certain similar parameters. We suggest the latter and propose distinct scarring phenotypes arise mainly owing to genetic and environmental susceptibilities associated with the development of each specific scar endotype. Characteristic features of skin scarring, however, can be objectively and quantitively evaluated and used as an aid in the theranostic goal-directed management of scarring. Critical Issues: The concept of identifying different endotypes is key in formulating personalized treatments with improved outcomes beyond what is achieved with current nonspecific approaches in scar management. This approach has gained interest and significant traction in several other medical conditions including asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, and atopic dermatitis. Future Directions: To begin identifying distinct endotypic features in skin scarring, it is important to have a better understanding of underlying pathological mechanisms leading to further insight into the heterogeneous nature of skin scarring endotypes. This approach may lead to improved theranostic outcomes and further understanding of the pathophysiology of the complex nature of human skin scarring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ud-Din
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Research, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, England, United Kingdom
| | - Ardeshir Bayat
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Research, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, England, United Kingdom.,Medical Research Council—South Africa Wound Healing Unit, Division of Dermatology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Correspondence: Medical Research Council—South Africa Wound Healing Unit, Division of Dermatology, University of Cape Town, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa.
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Liu F, Li T, Zhan X. Silencing circular RNAPTPN12 promoted the growth of keloid fibroblasts by activating Wnt signaling pathway via targeting microRNA-21-5p. Bioengineered 2022; 13:3503-3515. [PMID: 35068324 PMCID: PMC8974207 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2029108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Keloid is a skin disease marked by fibroplasia, and fibroblasts viability plays a considerable part in keloid. Our research was devoted to assessing the involvement and mechanism of circPTPN12 in keloid. The level of circPTPN12 and miR-21-5p was estimated by qRT-PCR in keloid tissues and cells. MTT analysis was devoted to evaluating the multiplication of keloid fibroblasts. Additionally, transwell assay was dedicated to verifying cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, keloid fibroblasts apoptosis level was assessed adopting flow cytometry, and the relevancy between miR-21-5p and circPTPN12, miR-21-5p, and SMAD7 was assessed by dual luciferase assay. Similarly, RIP and RNA pull-down assay verified the relevance between genes. Moreover, levels of SMAD7 and proteins concerned in Wnt signaling pathway were appraised by Western blot. The level of circPTPN12 declined in keloid. circPTPN12 knockout could enhance the multiplication, migration, invasion, and decline apoptosis of keloid fibroblasts. Indeed, miR-21-5p could be packed with circPTPN12 sponge, SMAD7 was downstream effect factor of miR-21-5p, and miR-21-5p inhibitors partially reversed the promoting effect of silencing circPTPN12 on keloid formation. Otherwise, the level of SMAD7 was adjusted by circPTPN12 and miR-21-5p. Silencing circPTPN12 targeted miR-21-5p and activated Wnt pathway to accelerate keloid fibroblasts growth. Taken together, silencing circPTPN12 promotes the growth of keloid fibroblasts by activating Wnt pathway targeting miR-21-5p. CircPTPN12 may play a considerable part in keloid formation, which supplies a reference for molecularly targeted therapy keloid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Jinhua People’s Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Dermatology, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoan Zhan
- Oncology Surgery, Zhejiang Jinhua Guangfu Tumor Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
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Pereira D, Sequeira I. A Scarless Healing Tale: Comparing Homeostasis and Wound Healing of Oral Mucosa With Skin and Oesophagus. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:682143. [PMID: 34381771 PMCID: PMC8350526 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.682143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial tissues are the most rapidly dividing tissues in the body, holding a natural ability for renewal and regeneration. This ability is crucial for survival as epithelia are essential to provide the ultimate barrier against the external environment, protecting the underlying tissues. Tissue stem and progenitor cells are responsible for self-renewal and repair during homeostasis and following injury. Upon wounding, epithelial tissues undergo different phases of haemostasis, inflammation, proliferation and remodelling, often resulting in fibrosis and scarring. In this review, we explore the phenotypic differences between the skin, the oesophagus and the oral mucosa. We discuss the plasticity of these epithelial stem cells and contribution of different fibroblast subpopulations for tissue regeneration and wound healing. While these epithelial tissues share global mechanisms of stem cell behaviour for tissue renewal and regeneration, the oral mucosa is known for its outstanding healing potential with minimal scarring. We aim to provide an updated review of recent studies that combined cell therapy with bioengineering exporting the unique scarless properties of the oral mucosa to improve skin and oesophageal wound healing and to reduce fibrotic tissue formation. These advances open new avenues toward the ultimate goal of achieving scarless wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Inês Sequeira
- Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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25
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Ud-Din S, Wilgus TA, Bayat A. Mast Cells in Skin Scarring: A Review of Animal and Human Research. Front Immunol 2020; 11:552205. [PMID: 33117341 PMCID: PMC7561364 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.552205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are an important immune cell type in the skin and play an active role during wound healing. MCs produce mediators that can enhance acute inflammation, stimulate re-epithelialisation as well as angiogenesis, and promote skin scarring. There is also a link between MCs and abnormal pathological cutaneous scarring, with increased numbers of MCs found in hypertrophic scars and keloid disease. However, there has been conflicting data regarding the specific role of MCs in scar formation in both animal and human studies. Whilst animal studies have proved to be valuable in studying the MC phenomenon in wound healing, the appropriate translation of these findings to cutaneous wound healing and scar formation in human subjects remains crucial to elucidate the role of these cells and target treatment effectively. Therefore, this perspective paper will focus on evaluation of the current evidence for the role of MCs in skin scarring in both animals and humans in order to identify common themes and future areas for translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ud-Din
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Research, Centre for Dermatology Research, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Traci A Wilgus
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ardeshir Bayat
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Research, Centre for Dermatology Research, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,MRC-SA Wound Healing Unit, Division of Dermatology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Jiang D, Scharffetter-Kochanek K. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Adaptively Respond to Environmental Cues Thereby Improving Granulation Tissue Formation and Wound Healing. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:697. [PMID: 32850818 PMCID: PMC7403200 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulation tissue formation constitutes a key step during wound healing of the skin and other organs. Granulation tissue concomitantly initiates regenerative M2 macrophages polarization, fibroblast proliferation, myofibroblast differentiation with subsequent contraction of the wound, new vessel formation, and matrix deposition. Impaired granulation tissue formation either leads to delayed wound healing or excessive scar formation, conditions with high morbidity and mortality. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapy is a promising strategy to ameliorate defects in granulation tissue formation and to successfully treat non-healing chronic wounds. In this review we give an updated overview of how therapeutically administered MSCs ensure a balanced granulation tissue formation, and furthermore discuss the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the adaptive responses of MSCs to cue in their direct neighborhood. Improved understanding of the interplay between the exogenous MSCs and their niche in granulation tissue will foster the development of MSC-based therapies tailored for difficult-to-treat non-healing wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Jiang
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
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