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Liu H, Wang M, Ji F, Jiang Y, Yang M. Mini review of photoacoustic clinical imaging: a noninvasive tool for disease diagnosis and treatment evaluation. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2024; 29:S11522. [PMID: 38230369 PMCID: PMC10790789 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.29.s1.s11522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Significance Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is an imaging modality that integrates anatomical, functional, metabolic, and histologic insights. It has been a hot topic of medical research and draws extensive attention. Aim This review aims to explore the applications of PA clinical imaging in human diseases, highlighting recent advancements. Approach A systemic survey of the literature concerning the clinical utility of PA imaging was conducted, with a particular focus on its application in tumors, autoimmune diseases, inflammatory conditions, and endocrine disorders. Results PA imaging is emerging as a valuable tool for human disease investigation. Information provided by PA imaging can be used for diagnosis, grading, and prognosis in multiple types of tumors including breast tumors, ovarian neoplasms, thyroid nodules, and cutaneous malignancies. PA imaging facilitates the monitoring of disease activity in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, arteritis, and inflammatory bowel disease by capturing dynamic functional alterations. Furthermore, its unique capability of visualizing vascular structure and oxygenation levels aids in assessing diabetes mellitus comorbidities and thyroid function. Conclusions Despite extant challenges, PA imaging offers a promising noninvasive tool for precision disease diagnosis, long-term evaluation, and prognosis anticipation, making it a potentially significant imaging modality for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huazhen Liu
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Department of Ultrasound, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Department of Ultrasound, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Ji
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Department of Ultrasound, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxin Jiang
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Department of Ultrasound, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Yang
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Department of Ultrasound, Beijing, China
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Dehari D, Kumar DN, Chaudhuri A, Kumar A, Kumar R, Kumar D, Singh S, Nath G, Agrawal AK. Bacteriophage entrapped chitosan microgel for the treatment of biofilm-mediated polybacterial infection in burn wounds. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127247. [PMID: 37802451 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) bacteria are most commonly present in burn wound infections. Multidrug resistance (MDR) and biofilm formation make it difficult to treat these infections. Bacteriophages (BPs) are proven as an effective therapy against MDR as well as biofilm-associated wound infections. In the present work, a naturally inspired bacteriophage cocktail loaded chitosan microparticles-laden topical gel has been developed for the effective treatment of these infections. Bacteriophages against MDR S. aureus (BPSAФ1) and P. aeruginosa (BPPAФ1) were isolated and loaded separately and in combination into the chitosan microparticles (BPSAФ1-CHMPs, BPPAФ1-CHMPs, and MBP-CHMPs), which were later incorporated into the SEPINEO™ P 600 gel (BPSAФ1-CHMPs-gel, BPPAФ1-CHMPs-gel, and MBP-CHMPs-gel). BPs were characterized for their morphology, lytic activity, burst size, and hemocompatibility, and BPs belongs to Caudoviricetes class. Furthermore, BPSAФ1-CHMPs, BPPAФ1-CHMPs, and MBP-CHMPs had an average particle size of 1.19 ± 0.11, 1.42 ± 0.21, and 2.84 ± 0.28 μm, respectively, and expressed promising in vitro antibiofilm eradication potency. The ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging in infected burn wounds demonstrated improved wound healing reduced inflammation and increased oxygen saturation following treatment with BPs formulations. The obtained results suggested that the incorporation of the BPs in the MP-gel protected the BPs, sustained the BPs release, and improved the antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Dehari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, U.P., India
| | - Dulla Naveen Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, U.P., India
| | - Aiswarya Chaudhuri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, U.P., India
| | - Akshay Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medial Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, U.P., India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medial Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, U.P., India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, U.P., India
| | - Sanjay Singh
- Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow 226025, U.P., India
| | - Gopal Nath
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medial Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, U.P., India
| | - Ashish Kumar Agrawal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, U.P., India.
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John S, Hester S, Basij M, Paul A, Xavierselvan M, Mehrmohammadi M, Mallidi S. Niche preclinical and clinical applications of photoacoustic imaging with endogenous contrast. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2023; 32:100533. [PMID: 37636547 PMCID: PMC10448345 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2023.100533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, photoacoustic (PA) imaging has attracted a great deal of popularity as an emergent diagnostic technology owing to its successful demonstration in both preclinical and clinical arenas by various academic and industrial research groups. Such steady growth of PA imaging can mainly be attributed to its salient features, including being non-ionizing, cost-effective, easily deployable, and having sufficient axial, lateral, and temporal resolutions for resolving various tissue characteristics and assessing the therapeutic efficacy. In addition, PA imaging can easily be integrated with the ultrasound imaging systems, the combination of which confers the ability to co-register and cross-reference various features in the structural, functional, and molecular imaging regimes. PA imaging relies on either an endogenous source of contrast (e.g., hemoglobin) or those of an exogenous nature such as nano-sized tunable optical absorbers or dyes that may boost imaging contrast beyond that provided by the endogenous sources. In this review, we discuss the applications of PA imaging with endogenous contrast as they pertain to clinically relevant niches, including tissue characterization, cancer diagnostics/therapies (termed as theranostics), cardiovascular applications, and surgical applications. We believe that PA imaging's role as a facile indicator of several disease-relevant states will continue to expand and evolve as it is adopted by an increasing number of research laboratories and clinics worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel John
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Scott Hester
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Maryam Basij
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Avijit Paul
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | | | - Mohammad Mehrmohammadi
- Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Srivalleesha Mallidi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Christie LB, Zheng W, Johnson W, Marecki EK, Heidrich J, Xia J, Oh KW. Review of imaging test phantoms. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2023; 28:080903. [PMID: 37614568 PMCID: PMC10442662 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.28.8.080903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Significance Photoacoustic tomography has emerged as a prominent medical imaging technique that leverages its hybrid nature to provide deep penetration, high resolution, and exceptional optical contrast with notable applications in early cancer detection, functional brain imaging, drug delivery monitoring, and guiding interventional procedures. Test phantoms are pivotal in accelerating technology development and commercialization, specifically in photoacoustic (PA) imaging, and can be optimized to achieve significant advancements in PA imaging capabilities. Aim The analysis of material properties, structural characteristics, and manufacturing methodologies of test phantoms from existing imaging technologies provides valuable insights into their applicability to PA imaging. This investigation enables a deeper understanding of how phantoms can be effectively employed in the context of PA imaging. Approach Three primary categories of test phantoms (simple, intermediate, and advanced) have been developed to differentiate complexity and manufacturing requirements. In addition, four sub-categories (tube/channel, block, test target, and naturally occurring phantoms) have been identified to encompass the structural variations within these categories, resulting in a comprehensive classification system for test phantoms. Results Based on a thorough examination of literature and studies on phantoms in various imaging modalities, proposals have been put forth for the development of multiple PA-capable phantoms, encompassing considerations related to the material composition, structural design, and specific applications within each sub-category. Conclusions The advancement of novel and sophisticated test phantoms within each sub-category is poised to foster substantial progress in both the commercialization and development of PA imaging. Moreover, the continued refinement of test phantoms will enable the exploration of new applications and use cases for PA imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam B. Christie
- State University of New York at Buffalo, Sensors and MicroActuators Learning Lab, Electrical Engineering, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Wenhan Zheng
- State University of New York at Buffalo, Optical and Ultrasonic Imaging Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - William Johnson
- State University of New York at Buffalo, Sensors and MicroActuators Learning Lab, Electrical Engineering, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Eric K. Marecki
- State University of New York at Buffalo, Sensors and MicroActuators Learning Lab, Electrical Engineering, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - James Heidrich
- State University of New York at Buffalo, Sensors and MicroActuators Learning Lab, Electrical Engineering, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Jun Xia
- State University of New York at Buffalo, Optical and Ultrasonic Imaging Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Kwang W. Oh
- State University of New York at Buffalo, Sensors and MicroActuators Learning Lab, Electrical Engineering, Buffalo, New York, United States
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5
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Ghosh B, Agarwal K. Viewing life without labels under optical microscopes. Commun Biol 2023; 6:559. [PMID: 37231084 PMCID: PMC10212946 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04934-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Optical microscopes today have pushed the limits of speed, quality, and observable space in biological specimens revolutionizing how we view life today. Further, specific labeling of samples for imaging has provided insight into how life functions. This enabled label-based microscopy to percolate and integrate into mainstream life science research. However, the use of labelfree microscopy has been mostly limited, resulting in testing for bio-application but not bio-integration. To enable bio-integration, such microscopes need to be evaluated for their timeliness to answer biological questions uniquely and establish a long-term growth prospect. The article presents key label-free optical microscopes and discusses their integrative potential in life science research for the unperturbed analysis of biological samples.
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Tsunoi Y, Sato N, Nishidate I, Ichihashi F, Saitoh D, Sato S. Burn depth assessment by dual-wavelength light emitting diodes-excited photoacoustic imaging in rats. Wound Repair Regen 2023; 31:69-76. [PMID: 36177703 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.13056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Accurate burn depth assessment is crucial to determine treatment plans for burn patients. We have previously proposed a method for performing burn depth assessments based on photoacoustic (PA) imaging, and we have demonstrated the validity of this method, which allows the successful detection of PA signals originating from the blood under the bloodless burned tissue, using rat burn models. Based on these findings, we started a clinical study in which we faced two technical issues: (1) When the burn depth was shallow, PA signals due to skin contamination and/or melanin in the epidermis (surface signals) could not be distinguished from PA signals originating from the blood in the dermis; (2) the size of the system was too large. To solve these issues, we propose a burn depth diagnosis based on dual-wavelength light emitting diodes (LEDs)-excited PA imaging. The use of LEDs rendered the system compact compared to the previous one that used a conventional solid-state laser. We replicated human burned skin by applying a titrated synthetic melanin solution onto the wound surface in albino rat burn models and measured their burn depths by PA excitation at 690 and 850 nm, where melanin and haemoglobin show greatly different absorption coefficients. As a result, the surface signals were eliminated by subtracting the PA signals at 690 nm from those at 850 nm. The resultant estimated burn depths were strongly correlated with the histological assessment results. The validity of the proposed method was also examined using a burn model of rats with real melanin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Tsunoi
- Division of Bioinformation and Therapeutic Systems, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Naoto Sato
- Research and Development Department, Cyberdyne, Inc, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Izumi Nishidate
- Graduate School of Bio-application and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiyuki Ichihashi
- Research and Development Department, Cyberdyne, Inc, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Daizoh Saitoh
- Division of Basic Traumatology, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shunichi Sato
- Division of Bioinformation and Therapeutic Systems, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
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Mantri Y, Mishra A, Anderson CA, Jokerst JV. Photoacoustic imaging to monitor outcomes during hyperbaric oxygen therapy: validation in a small cohort and case study in a bilateral chronic ischemic wound. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:5683-5694. [PMID: 36733747 PMCID: PMC9872873 DOI: 10.1364/boe.472568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO2) is a common therapeutic modality that drives oxygen into hypoxic tissue to promote healing. Here, ten patients undergoing HBO2 underwent PA oximetry of the left radial artery and forearm pre- and post-HBO2; this cohort validated the use of PA imaging in HBO2. There was a significant increase in radial artery oxygenation after HBO2 (p = 0.002) in the validation cohort. We also include a case study: a non-diabetic male in his 50s (HB 010) presenting with bilateral ischemic and gangrenous wounds. HB 010 showed higher perfusion and oxygen saturation on the right foot than the left after HBO2 which correlated with independent surgical observations. Imaging assisted with limb salvage treatment. Hence, this work shows that PA imaging can measure changes in arterial oxygen saturation due to HBO2; it can also produce 3D maps of tissue oxygenation and evaluate response to therapy during HBO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yash Mantri
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Aditya Mishra
- Materials Science Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Caesar A. Anderson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hyperbaric and Wound Healing Center, University of California San Diego, Encinitas, CA, USA
| | - Jesse V. Jokerst
- Materials Science Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Mantri Y, Dorobek TR, Tsujimoto J, Penny WF, Garimella PS, Jokerst JV. Monitoring peripheral hemodynamic response to changes in blood pressure via photoacoustic imaging. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2022; 26:100345. [PMID: 35295617 PMCID: PMC8918860 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2022.100345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Chronic wounds and amputations are common in chronic kidney disease patients needing hemodialysis (HD). HD is often complicated by drops in blood pressure (BP) called intra-dialytic hypotension. Whether intra-dialytic hypotension is associated with detectable changes in foot perfusion, a risk factor for wound formation and impaired healing remains unknown. Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is ideally suited to study perfusion changes. We scanned the feet of 20 HD and 11 healthy subjects. HD patients were scanned before and after a dialysis session whereas healthy subjects were scanned twice at rest and once after a 10 min exercise period while BP was elevated. Healthy (r = 0.70, p < 0.0001) and HD subjects (r = 0.43, p < 0.01) showed a significant correlation between PA intensity and systolic BP. Furthermore, HD cohort showed a significantly reduced PA response to changes in BP compared to the healthy controls (p < 0.0001), showing that PA can monitor hemodynamic changes due to changes in BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yash Mantri
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tyler R. Dorobek
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jason Tsujimoto
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - William F. Penny
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pranav S. Garimella
- Department of Nephrology – Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jesse V. Jokerst
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Materials Science Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Correspondence to: University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Mantri Y, Jokerst JV. Impact of skin tone on photoacoustic oximetry and tools to minimize bias. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:875-887. [PMID: 35284157 PMCID: PMC8884230 DOI: 10.1364/boe.450224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The major optical absorbers in tissue are melanin and oxy/deoxy-hemoglobin, but the impact of skin tone and pigmentation on biomedical optics is still not completely understood or adequately addressed. Melanin largely governs skin tone with higher melanin concentration in subjects with darker skin tones. Recently, there has been extensive debate on the bias of pulse oximeters when used with darker subjects. Photoacoustic (PA) imaging can measure oxygen saturation similarly as pulse oximeters and could have value in studying this bias. More importantly, it can deconvolute the signal from the skin and underlying tissue. Here, we studied the impact of skin tone on PA signal generation, depth penetration, and oximetry. Our results show that subjects with darker skin tones exhibit significantly higher PA signal at the skin surface, reduced penetration depth, and lower oxygen saturation compared to subjects with lighter skin tones. We then suggest a simple way to compensate for these signal differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yash Mantri
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jesse V. Jokerst
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Material Science Department, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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