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Yuan S, Yang X, Wang X, Chen J, Tian W, Yang B. Injectable Xenogeneic Dental Pulp Decellularized Extracellular Matrix Hydrogel Promotes Functional Dental Pulp Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17483. [PMID: 38139310 PMCID: PMC10743504 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The present challenge in dental pulp tissue engineering scaffold materials lies in the development of tissue-specific scaffolds that are conducive to an optimal regenerative microenvironment and capable of accommodating intricate root canal systems. This study utilized porcine dental pulp to derive the decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) via appropriate decellularization protocols. The resultant dECM was dissolved in an acid pepsin solution to form dECM hydrogels. The analysis encompassed evaluating the microstructure and rheological properties of dECM hydrogels and evaluated their biological properties, including in vitro cell viability, proliferation, migration, tube formation, odontogenic, and neurogenic differentiation. Gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogel served as the control. Subsequently, hydrogels were injected into treated dentin matrix tubes and transplanted subcutaneously into nude mice to regenerate dental pulp tissue in vivo. The results showed that dECM hydrogels exhibited exceptional injectability and responsiveness to physiological temperature. It supported the survival, odontogenic, and neurogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells in a 3D culture setting. Moreover, it exhibited a superior ability to promote cell migration and angiogenesis compared to GelMA hydrogel in vitro. Additionally, the dECM hydrogel demonstrated the capability to regenerate pulp-like tissue with abundant blood vessels and a fully formed odontoblast-like cell layer in vivo. These findings highlight the potential of porcine dental pulp dECM hydrogel as a specialized scaffold material for dental pulp regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengmeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (S.Y.); (X.W.); (J.C.)
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xueting Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (S.Y.); (X.W.); (J.C.)
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiuting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (S.Y.); (X.W.); (J.C.)
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jinlong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (S.Y.); (X.W.); (J.C.)
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Weidong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (S.Y.); (X.W.); (J.C.)
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (S.Y.); (X.W.); (J.C.)
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Kasravi M, Ahmadi A, Babajani A, Mazloomnejad R, Hatamnejad MR, Shariatzadeh S, Bahrami S, Niknejad H. Immunogenicity of decellularized extracellular matrix scaffolds: a bottleneck in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Biomater Res 2023; 27:10. [PMID: 36759929 PMCID: PMC9912640 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00348-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue-engineered decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds hold great potential to address the donor shortage as well as immunologic rejection attributed to cells in conventional tissue/organ transplantation. Decellularization, as the key process in manufacturing ECM scaffolds, removes immunogen cell materials and significantly alleviates the immunogenicity and biocompatibility of derived scaffolds. However, the application of these bioscaffolds still confronts major immunologic challenges. This review discusses the interplay between damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and antigens as the main inducers of innate and adaptive immunity to aid in manufacturing biocompatible grafts with desirable immunogenicity. It also appraises the impact of various decellularization methodologies (i.e., apoptosis-assisted techniques) on provoking immune responses that participate in rejecting allogenic and xenogeneic decellularized scaffolds. In addition, the key research findings regarding the contribution of ECM alterations, cytotoxicity issues, graft sourcing, and implantation site to the immunogenicity of decellularized tissues/organs are comprehensively considered. Finally, it discusses practical solutions to overcome immunogenicity, including antigen masking by crosslinking, sterilization optimization, and antigen removal techniques such as selective antigen removal and sequential antigen solubilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Kasravi
- grid.411600.2Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985711151 Iran ,grid.411600.2Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Armin Ahmadi
- grid.411600.2Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985711151 Iran
| | - Amirhesam Babajani
- grid.411600.2Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985711151 Iran
| | - Radman Mazloomnejad
- grid.411600.2Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985711151 Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Hatamnejad
- grid.411600.2Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siavash Shariatzadeh
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California USA
| | - Soheyl Bahrami
- grid.454388.60000 0004 6047 9906Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hassan Niknejad
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985711151, Iran.
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Ho WJ, Kobayashi M, Murata K, Hashimoto Y, Izumi K, Kimura T, Kanemitsu H, Yamazaki K, Ikeda T, Minatoya K, Kishida A, Masumoto H. A novel approach for the endothelialization of xenogeneic decellularized vascular tissues by human cells utilizing surface modification and dynamic culture. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22294. [PMID: 36566330 PMCID: PMC9789980 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26792-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Decellularized xenogeneic vascular grafts can be used in revascularization surgeries. We have developed decellularization methods using high hydrostatic pressure (HHP), which preserves the extracellular structure. Here, we attempted ex vivo endothelialization of HHP-decellularized xenogeneic tissues using human endothelial cells (ECs) to prevent clot formation against human blood. Slices of porcine aortic endothelium were decellularized using HHP and coated with gelatin. Human umbilical vein ECs were directly seeded and cultured under dynamic flow or static conditions for 14 days. Dynamic flow cultures tend to demonstrate higher cell coverage. We then coated the tissues with the E8 fragment of human laminin-411 (hL411), which has high affinity for ECs, and found that Dynamic/hL411showed high area coverage, almost reaching 100% (Dynamic/Gelatin vs Dynamic/hL411; 58.7 ± 11.4 vs 97.5 ± 1.9%, P = 0.0017). Immunostaining revealed sufficient endothelial cell coverage as a single cell layer in Dynamic/hL411. A clot formation assay using human whole blood showed low clot formation in Dynamic/hL411, almost similar to that in the negative control, polytetrafluoroethylene. Surface modification of HHP-decellularized xenogeneic endothelial tissues combined with dynamic culture achieved sufficient ex vivo endothelialization along with prevention of clot formation, indicating their potential for clinical use as vascular grafts in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jin Ho
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
| | - Mako Kobayashi
- grid.265073.50000 0001 1014 9130Department of Material-Based Medical Engineering, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Present Address: Department of Materials Processing, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kozue Murata
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan ,grid.508743.dClinical Translational Research Program, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan ,grid.411217.00000 0004 0531 2775Institute for Advancement of Clinical and Translational Science, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Hashimoto
- grid.265073.50000 0001 1014 9130Department of Material-Based Medical Engineering, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Tsuyoshi Kimura
- grid.265073.50000 0001 1014 9130Department of Material-Based Medical Engineering, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Kanemitsu
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan ,grid.415392.80000 0004 0378 7849Present Address: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yamazaki
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
| | - Tadashi Ikeda
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
| | - Kenji Minatoya
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
| | - Akio Kishida
- grid.265073.50000 0001 1014 9130Department of Material-Based Medical Engineering, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Masumoto
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan ,grid.508743.dClinical Translational Research Program, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
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Talaei-Khozani T, Yaghoubi A. An overview of post transplantation events of decellularized scaffolds. Transpl Immunol 2022; 74:101640. [PMID: 35667545 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2022.101640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine and tissue engineering are reasonable techniques for repairing failed tissues and could be a suitable alternative to organ transplantation. One of the most widely used methods for preparing bioscaffolds is the decellularization procedure. Although cell debris and DNA are removed from the decellularized tissues, important compositions of the extracellular matrix including proteins, proteoglycans, and glycoproteins are nearly preserved. Moreover, the obtained scaffolds have a 3-dimensional (3D) structure, appropriate naïve mechanical properties, and good biocompatibility. After transplantation, different types of host cells migrate to the decellularized tissues. Histological and immunohistochemical assessment of the different bioscaffolds after implantation reveals the migration of parenchymal cells, angiogenesis, as well as the invasion of inflammatory and giant foreign cells. In this review, the events after transplantation including angiogenesis, scaffold degradation, and the presence of immune and tissue-specific progenitor cells in the decellularized scaffolds in various hosts, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Talaei-Khozani
- Histotomorphometry and stereology research center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Tissue engineering lab, Anatomy Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Atefeh Yaghoubi
- Tissue engineering lab, Anatomy Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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