1
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Mapalo MA, Wolfe JM, Ortega-Hernández J. Cretaceous amber inclusions illuminate the evolutionary origin of tardigrades. Commun Biol 2024; 7:953. [PMID: 39107512 PMCID: PMC11303527 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06643-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Tardigrades are a diverse phylum of microscopic invertebrates widely known for their extreme survival capabilities. Molecular clocks suggest that tardigrades diverged from other panarthropods before the Cambrian, but their fossil record is extremely sparse. Only the fossil tardigrades Milnesium swolenskyi (Late Cretaceous) and Paradoryphoribius chronocaribbeus (Miocene) have resolved taxonomic positions, restricting the availability of calibration points for estimating for the origin of this phylum. Here, we revise two crown-group tardigrades from Canadian Cretaceous-aged amber using confocal fluorescence microscopy, revealing critical morphological characters that resolve their taxonomic positions. Formal morphological redescription of Beorn leggi reveals that it features Hypsibius-type claws. We also describe Aerobius dactylus gen. et sp. nov. based on its unique combination of claw characters. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that Beo. leggi and Aer. dactylus belong to the eutardigrade superfamily Hypsibioidea, adding a critical fossil calibration point to investigate tardigrade origins. Our molecular clock estimates suggest an early Paleozoic diversification of crown-group Tardigrada and highlight the importance of Beo. leggi as a calibration point that directly impacts estimates of shallow nodes. Our results suggest that independent terrestrialization of eutardigrades and heterotardigrades occurred around the end-Carboniferous and Lower Jurassic, respectively. These estimates also provide minimum ages for convergent acquisition of cryptobiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Mapalo
- Museum of Comparative Zoology and Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Joanna M Wolfe
- Museum of Comparative Zoology and Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Javier Ortega-Hernández
- Museum of Comparative Zoology and Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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2
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Sadowska-Bartosz I, Bartosz G. Antioxidant Defense in the Toughest Animals on the Earth: Its Contribution to the Extreme Resistance of Tardigrades. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8393. [PMID: 39125965 PMCID: PMC11313143 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Tardigrades are unique among animals in their resistance to dehydration, mainly due to anhydrobiosis and tun formation. They are also very resistant to high-energy radiation, low and high temperatures, low and high pressure, and various chemical agents, Interestingly, they are resistant to ionizing radiation both in the hydrated and dehydrated states to a similar extent. They are able to survive in the cosmic space. Apparently, many mechanisms contribute to the resistance of tardigrades to harmful factors, including the presence of trehalose (though not common to all tardigrades), heat shock proteins, late embryogenesis-abundant proteins, tardigrade-unique proteins, DNA repair proteins, proteins directly protecting DNA (Dsup and TDR1), and efficient antioxidant system. Antioxidant enzymes and small-molecular-weight antioxidants are an important element in the tardigrade resistance. The levels and activities of many antioxidant proteins is elevated by anhydrobiosis and UV radiation; one explanation for their induction during dehydration is provided by the theory of "preparation for oxidative stress", which occurs during rehydration. Genes coding for some antioxidant proteins are expanded in tardigrades; some genes (especially those coding for catalases) were hypothesized to be of bacterial origin, acquired by horizontal gene transfer. An interesting antioxidant protein found in tardigrades is the new Mn-dependent peroxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Sadowska-Bartosz
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszów, 4 Zelwerowicza Street, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland;
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3
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Gsiorek P, Vonina K. Atlas of the Echiniscidae (Heterotardigrada) of the Worldpart I: West Palaearctic Echiniscus species. Zootaxa 2023; 5344:1-72. [PMID: 38221356 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5344.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Traditionally Eurocentric tardigrade taxonomy has started to dissect endemics from very few truly cosmopolitan or widely distributed species, originally described mostly from the West Palaearctic, in the last decade. Obviously, the most problematic for taxonomic identification are species in large genera containing over 100 species in the case of Tardigrada. In limno-terrestrial heterotardigrades, only Echiniscus C.A.S. Schultze, 1840 fulfils this criterion, being a perfect example of taxonomic inflation. In Echiniscidae, this phenomenon results predominantly from the historical fallacy of attaching more importance to chaetotaxy than to the analysis of dorsal plate sculpturing. In this paper, the first of a series on echiniscids of the World, we review the current state of knowledge on the West Palaearctic Echiniscus species. Echiniscus granulatus (Doyre, 1840) and E. spinulosus (Doyre, 1840) are re-described based on multiple population data. Echiniscus lapponicus Thulin, 1911 and E. militaris Murray, 1911 are provided with the first SEM and molecular data, respectively. Following synonymies are made based on analyses of ample comparative material, type series, and redescriptions: E. blumi schizofilus Barto, 1941 syn. nov. and E. trojanus Maucci, 1973 syn. nov. of E. blumi blumi Richters, 1903; E. inocelatus Miheli, 1938 syn. nov., E. heterospinosus Maucci, 1954 syn. nov. and E. egnatiae Durante Pasa & Maucci, 1979 syn. nov. of E. granulatus; Echiniscus merokensis suecicus Thulin, 1911 syn. nov., E. columinis Murray, 1911 syn. nov., E. batramiae Iharos, 1936 syn. nov., E. jagodici Miheli, 1951 syn. nov. and E. laterospinosus Rudescu, 1964 syn. nov. of E. merokensis merokensis Richters, 1904; E. hexacanthus Maucci, 1973 syn. nov. of E. militaris Murray, 1911; E. carusoi Pilato, 1972 syn. nov. of E. spinulosus; E. osellai Maucci, 1974 syn. nov. of E. trisetosus Cunot, 1932. Two new nomina dubia are proposed: E. apuanus M. Bertolani, 1946 sp. dub. (and a probable synonymy with E. merokensis suggested) and E. pajstunensis Barto, 1941 sp. dub. Two new nomina inquirenda are established: E. marleyi Li, 2007 sp. inq. (another chaetotaxy-based morphotype of the Echiniscus blumi-canadensis complex) and E. punctus McInnes, 1995 sp. inq. (the lack of reliable morphological criteria separating it from E. granulatus). We summarise the morphological, phylogenetic and biogeographic information for the West Palaearctic Echiniscus species, and conclude with a total of 21 valid and identifiable taxa. We predict this number will decrease further with solving the species delimitation issues within the Echiniscus blumi-canadensis complex. Among these 21 taxa, 13 species (62%) are to be found solely in the Western Palaearctic and/or entire Holarctic regions. This augments the many recent findings that tardigrades are typically biogeographically structured and form clearly defined faunae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Gsiorek
- Department of Invertebrate Evolution; Faculty of Biology; Jagiellonian University; Gronostajowa 9; 30-387 Krakw; Poland; Natural History Museum of Denmark; University of Copenhagen; ster Voldgade 5-7; DK-1350; Universitetsparken 15; DK-2100; Copenhagen; Denmark.
| | - Katarzyna Vonina
- Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt; Senckenberganlage 25; 60325 Frankfurt am Main; Germany.
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4
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Guil N, Guidetti R, Cesari M, Marchioro T, Rebecchi L, Machordom A. Molecular Phylogenetics, Speciation, and Long Distance Dispersal in Tardigrade Evolution: A case study of the genusMilnesium. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2022; 169:107401. [PMID: 35031462 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms (sensu lato, i.e., including micrometazoans) are thought to have cosmopolitan geographic distributions due to their theoretically unlimited dispersal capabilities, a consequence of their tiny size, population dynamics, and resistant forms. However, several molecular studies of microorganisms have identified biogeographic patterns indicating cryptic speciation and/or weak species definitions. Using a multi-locus approach with the genus Milnesium (Tardigrada), we aimed to determine the genetic structure of populations worldwide and the effects of long distance dispersal (LDD) on genetic connectivity and relationships across the six continents. Our results on this micrometazoan's genetic structure and LDD at global and micro-local scales indicate contrasting patterns not easily explained by a unique or simple phenomenon. Overall, we report three key findings: (i) confirmation of long distance dispersal for tardigrades, (ii) populations with globally-shared or endemic micro-local haplotypes, and (iii) a supported genetic structure instead of the homogeneous genetic distribution hypothesized for microorganisms with LDD capabilities. Moreover, incongruences between our morphological and molecular results suggest that species delimitation within the genus Milnesium could be problematic due to homoplasy. Duality found for Milnesium populations at the global scale, namely, a molecular phylogenetic structure mixed with widely distributed haplotypes (but without any apparent biogeographic structure), is similar to patterns observed for some unicellular, prokaryotic and eukaryotic, microorganisms. Factors influencing these patterns are discussed within an evolutionary framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Guil
- Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC). José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain.
| | - R Guidetti
- Department of Life Sciences. University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/D, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - M Cesari
- Department of Life Sciences. University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/D, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - T Marchioro
- Department of Life Sciences. University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/D, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - L Rebecchi
- Department of Life Sciences. University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/D, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - A Machordom
- Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC). José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain
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5
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Tumanov DV. End of a mystery: Integrative approach reveals the phylogenetic position of an enigmatic Antarctic tardigrade genus
Ramajendas
(Tardigrada, Eutardigrada). ZOOL SCR 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Denis V. Tumanov
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology Faculty of Biology Saint Petersburg State University Saint Petersburg Russia
- Marine Research Laboratory Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences Saint Petersburg Russia
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6
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Mapalo MA, Robin N, Boudinot BE, Ortega-Hernández J, Barden P. A tardigrade in Dominican amber. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20211760. [PMID: 34610770 PMCID: PMC8493197 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.1760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Tardigrades are a diverse group of charismatic microscopic invertebrates that are best known for their ability to survive extreme conditions. Despite their long evolutionary history and global distribution in both aquatic and terrestrial environments, the tardigrade fossil record is exceedingly sparse. Molecular clocks estimate that tardigrades diverged from other panarthropod lineages before the Cambrian, but only two definitive crown-group representatives have been described to date, both from Cretaceous fossil deposits in North America. Here, we report a third fossil tardigrade from Miocene age Dominican amber. Paradoryphoribius chronocaribbeus gen. et sp. nov. is the first unambiguous fossil representative of the diverse superfamily Isohypsibioidea, as well as the first tardigrade fossil described from the Cenozoic. We propose that the patchy tardigrade fossil record can be explained by the preferential preservation of these microinvertebrates as amber inclusions, coupled with the scarcity of fossiliferous amber deposits before the Cretaceous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A. Mapalo
- Museum of Comparative Zoology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Ninon Robin
- Directorate Earth and History of Life, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Brendon E. Boudinot
- Institut für Spezielle Zoologie und Evolutionsforschung, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany
- University of California, Davis, Department of Entomology, One Shields Avenue, Davis 94596, CA, USA
| | - Javier Ortega-Hernández
- Museum of Comparative Zoology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Phillip Barden
- Department of Biological Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, USA
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York City, USA
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7
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Fleming JF, Arakawa K. Systematics of tardigrada: A reanalysis of tardigrade taxonomy with specific reference to Guil et al. (2019). ZOOL SCR 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James F. Fleming
- Keio University Institute for Advanced Tsuruoka Japan
- University of Oslo Natural History Museum Oslo Norway
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8
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Guidetti R, Schill RO, Giovannini I, Massa E, Goldoni SE, Ebel C, Förschler MI, Rebecchi L, Cesari M. When DNA sequence data and morphological results fit together: Phylogenetic position of
Crenubiotus
within Macrobiotoidea (Eutardigrada) with description of
Crenubiotus ruhesteini
sp. nov. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Guidetti
- Department of Life Sciences University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Modena Italy
| | - Ralph O. Schill
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany
| | - Ilaria Giovannini
- Department of Life Sciences University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Modena Italy
| | - Edoardo Massa
- Department of Life Sciences University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Modena Italy
| | - Sara Elena Goldoni
- Department of Life Sciences University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Modena Italy
| | - Charly Ebel
- Department of Ecosystem Monitoring, Research and Conservation Black Forest National Park Freudenstadt Germany
| | - Marc I. Förschler
- Department of Ecosystem Monitoring, Research and Conservation Black Forest National Park Freudenstadt Germany
| | - Lorena Rebecchi
- Department of Life Sciences University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Modena Italy
| | - Michele Cesari
- Department of Life Sciences University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Modena Italy
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9
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Gąsiorek P, Michalczyk Ł. Phylogeny of Itaquasconinae in the light of the evolution of the flexible pharyngeal tube in Tardigrada. ZOOL SCR 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Gąsiorek
- Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research Jagiellonian University Kraków Poland
| | - Łukasz Michalczyk
- Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research Jagiellonian University Kraków Poland
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10
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Gąsiorek P, Morek W, Stec D, Blagden B, Michalczyk Ł. Revisiting Calohypsibiidae and Microhypsibiidae: Fractonotus Pilato, 1998 and its phylogenetic position within Isohypsibiidae (Eutardigrada: Parachela). ZOOSYSTEMA 2019. [DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2019v41a6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Gąsiorek
- Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków (Poland)
| | - Witold Morek
- Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków (Poland)
| | - Daniel Stec
- Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków (Poland)
| | - Brian Blagden
- Scottish Environment Protection Agency, Inverdee House, Baxter Street, Aberdeen, AB11 9QA (United Kingdom)
| | - Łukasz Michalczyk
- Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków (Poland)
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11
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Ortega-Hernández J, Janssen R, Budd GE. The last common ancestor of Ecdysozoa had an adult terminal mouth. ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2019; 49:155-158. [PMID: 30458236 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Ecdysozoa is a major animal clade whose main uniting feature is a distinctive growth strategy that requires the periodical moulting of the external cuticle. The staggering diversity within Ecdysozoa has prompted substantial efforts to reconstruct their origin and early evolution. Based on palaentological and developmental data, we proposed a scenario for the early evolution of the ecdysozoan clade Panarthropoda (Onychophora, Tardigrada, Euarthropoda), and postulated that a terminal mouth is ancestral for this lineage. In light of the accompanying comment by Claus Nielsen, we take this opportunity to clarify the significance of our argumentation for Panarthropoda in the phylogenetic context of Ecdysozoa, and Bilateria more broadly. We conclude that the ancestral ecdysozoan most likely had an adult terminal mouth, and that the last common ancestors of all the phyla that constitute Ecdysozoa almost certainly also had an adult terminal mouth. The occurrence of a ventral-facing mouth in various adult ecdysozoans - particularly panarthropods - is the result of convergence. Despite the paucity of embryological data on fossil taxa, we contemplate the likelihood that a developmentally early ventral mouth opening could be ancestral for Ecdysozoa, and if so, then this would represent a symplesiomorphy of Bilateria as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Ortega-Hernández
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK; Museum of Comparative Zoology and Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Ralf Janssen
- Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology, Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, Uppsala se 752 36, Sweden
| | - Graham E Budd
- Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology, Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, Uppsala se 752 36, Sweden
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12
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Guil N, Jørgensen A, Kristensen R. An upgraded comprehensive multilocus phylogeny of the Tardigrada tree of life. ZOOL SCR 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Guil
- Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN‐CSIC) Madrid Spain
| | - Aslak Jørgensen
- Department of Biology University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Reinhardt Kristensen
- Zoological Museum, Natural History Museum of Denmark University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
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13
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Soler-Hurtado MM, López-González PJ, Machordom A. Molecular phylogenetic relationships reveal contrasting evolutionary patterns in Gorgoniidae (Octocorallia) in the Eastern Pacific. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2017; 111:219-230. [PMID: 28344106 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2017.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The description and delimitation of species in an evolutionary framework is essential for understanding patterns of biodiversity and distribution, and in the assessment of conservation strategies for natural resources. This study seeks to clarify the evolutionary history and genetic variation within and between closely related octocoral species that are fundamental to benthic marine ecosystems for harbouring a high diversity of associated fauna. For our study system, we focused on members of the Gorgoniidae family in the Eastern Pacific, particularly of the Ecuadorian littoral, a less studied marine ecosystem. According to our results, the diagnosis of the genus Pacifigorgia is here amended to include species previously considered in the genus Leptogorgia. The genera Leptogorgia and Eugorgia are included within a single clade, and neither are recovered as monophyletic. In this case, according to the priority rule of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN), our proposal is to include the species considered in these two genera in Leptogorgia. In addition, we found evidence of interesting speciation patterns: morphological differentiation with no apparent genetic differentiation (in Pacifigorgia), and inconsistencies between mitochondrial and nuclear data that suggest a hybridisation phenomenon (in Leptogorgia). In the first case, recent radiation, ancient hybridisation, sympatric speciation, and in the second, reticulate evolution may have contributed to the evolutionary history of the studied taxa. Therefore, incongruences observed between morphological and molecular evidences in these octocorals, and in corals in general, may reveal the types of events/patterns that have influenced their evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Soler-Hurtado
- Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain; Biodiversidad y Ecología de Invertebrados Marinos, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, Museo Ecuatoriano de Ciencias Naturales, Rumipamba 341 y Av. Shyris, Quito, Ecuador.
| | - P J López-González
- Biodiversidad y Ecología de Invertebrados Marinos, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - A Machordom
- Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
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14
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Guil N, Rodrigo E, Machordom A. Soil tardigrade biodiversity with the description of a new eutardigrade genus and its phylogenetic position. SYST BIODIVERS 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2014.986554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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15
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Phylogeny of Eutardigrada: New molecular data and their morphological support lead to the identification of new evolutionary lineages. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2014; 76:110-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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16
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Dabert M, Dastych H, Hohberg K, Dabert J. Phylogenetic position of the enigmatic clawless eutardigrade genus Apodibius Dastych, 1983 (Tardigrada), based on 18S and 28S rRNA sequence data from its type species A. confusus. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2014; 70:70-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2013.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Guil N, Jørgensen A, Giribet G, Kristensen RM. Congruence between molecular phylogeny and cuticular design in Echiniscoidea (Tardigrada, Heterotardigrada). Zool J Linn Soc 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noemí Guil
- Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology; Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales de Madrid (CSIC); José Gutiérrez Abascal 2 28006 Madrid Spain
| | - Aslak Jørgensen
- Natural History Museum of Denmark; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 15 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Gonzalo Giribet
- Museum of Comparative Zoology; Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology; Harvard University; 26 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
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18
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Marchioro T, Rebecchi L, Cesari M, Hansen JG, Viotti G, Guidetti R. Somatic musculature of Tardigrada: phylogenetic signal and metameric patterns. Zool J Linn Soc 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Marchioro
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; via Campi 213/D 41125 Modena Italy
| | - Lorena Rebecchi
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; via Campi 213/D 41125 Modena Italy
| | - Michele Cesari
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; via Campi 213/D 41125 Modena Italy
| | - Jesper Guldberg Hansen
- Invertebrate Department; Zoological Museum; Natural History Museum of Denmark; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 15 DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Giulia Viotti
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; via Campi 213/D 41125 Modena Italy
| | - Roberto Guidetti
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; via Campi 213/D 41125 Modena Italy
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