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Jambura PL, Villalobos-Segura E, Türtscher J, Begat A, Staggl MA, Stumpf S, Kindlimann R, Klug S, Lacombat F, Pohl B, Maisey JG, Naylor GJP, Kriwet J. Systematics and Phylogenetic Interrelationships of the Enigmatic Late Jurassic Shark Protospinax annectans Woodward, 1918 with Comments on the Shark-Ray Sister Group Relationship. DIVERSITY 2023; 15:311. [PMID: 36950326 PMCID: PMC7614347 DOI: 10.3390/d15030311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
The Late Jurassic elasmobranch Protospinax annectans is often regarded as a key species to our understanding of crown group elasmobranch interrelationships and the evolutionary history of this group. However, since its first description more than 100 years ago, its phylogenetic position within the Elasmobranchii (sharks and rays) has proven controversial, and a closer relationship between Protospinax and each of the posited superorders (Batomorphii, Squalomorphii, and Galeomorphii) has been proposed over the time. Here we revise this controversial taxon based on new holomorphic specimens from the Late Jurassic Konservat-Lagerstätte of the Solnhofen Archipelago in Bavaria (Germany) and review its skeletal morphology, systematics, and phylogenetic interrelationships. A data matrix with 224 morphological characters was compiled and analyzed under a molecular backbone constraint. Our results indicate a close relationship between Protospinax, angel sharks (Squatiniformes), and saw sharks (Pristiophoriformes). However, the revision of our morphological data matrix within a molecular framework highlights the lack of morphological characters defining certain groups, especially sharks of the order Squaliformes, hampering the phylogenetic resolution of Protospinax annectans with certainty. Furthermore, the monophyly of modern sharks retrieved by molecular studies is only weakly supported by morphological data, stressing the need for more characters to align morphological and molecular studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick L. Jambura
- Department of Palaeontology, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School of Ecology and Evolution (VDSEE), University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Julia Türtscher
- Department of Palaeontology, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School of Ecology and Evolution (VDSEE), University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Arnaud Begat
- Department of Palaeontology, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School of Ecology and Evolution (VDSEE), University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuel Andreas Staggl
- Department of Palaeontology, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School of Ecology and Evolution (VDSEE), University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastian Stumpf
- Department of Palaeontology, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - René Kindlimann
- Haimuseum und Sammlung R. Kindlimann, 8607 Aathal-Seegräben, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Klug
- School of Science (GAUSS), Georg–August Universität Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Burkhard Pohl
- Interprospekt Group, 1724 Ferpicloz, Switzerland
- Wyoming Dinosaur Center, Thermopolis, WY 82443, USA
| | - John G. Maisey
- Department of Vertebrate Paleontology, American Natural History Museum, New York, NY 10024, USA
| | - Gavin J. P. Naylor
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Jürgen Kriwet
- Department of Palaeontology, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School of Ecology and Evolution (VDSEE), University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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2
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Clark B, Chaumel J, Johanson Z, Underwood C, Smith MM, Dean MN. Bricks, trusses and superstructures: Strategies for skeletal reinforcement in batoid fishes (rays and skates). Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:932341. [PMID: 36313571 PMCID: PMC9604235 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.932341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Crushing and eating hard prey (durophagy) is mechanically demanding. The cartilage jaws of durophagous stingrays are known to be reinforced relative to non-durophagous relatives, with a thickened external cortex of mineralized blocks (tesserae), reinforcing struts inside the jaw (trabeculae), and pavement-like dentition. These strategies for skeletal strengthening against durophagy, however, are largely understood only from myliobatiform stingrays, although a hard prey diet has evolved multiple times in batoid fishes (rays, skates, guitarfishes). We perform a quantitative analysis of micro-CT data, describing jaw strengthening mechanisms in Rhina ancylostoma (Bowmouth Guitarfish) and Rhynchobatus australiae (White-spotted Wedgefish), durophagous members of the Rhinopristiformes, the sister taxon to Myliobatiformes. Both species possess trabeculae, more numerous and densely packed in Rhina, albeit simpler structurally than those in stingrays like Aetobatus and Rhinoptera. Rhina and Rhynchobatus exhibit impressively thickened jaw cortices, often involving >10 tesseral layers, most pronounced in regions where dentition is thickest, particularly in Rhynchobatus. Age series of both species illustrate that tesserae increase in size during growth, with enlarged and irregular tesserae associated with the jaws’ oral surface in larger (older) individuals of both species, perhaps a feature of ageing. Unlike the flattened teeth of durophagous myliobatiform stingrays, both rhinopristiform species have oddly undulating dentitions, comprised of pebble-like teeth interlocked to form compound “meta-teeth” (large spheroidal structures involving multiple teeth). This is particularly striking in Rhina, where the upper/lower occlusal surfaces are mirrored undulations, fitting together like rounded woodworking finger-joints. Trabeculae were previously thought to have arisen twice independently in Batoidea; our results show they are more widespread among batoid groups than previously appreciated, albeit apparently absent in the phylogenetically basal Rajiformes. Comparisons with several other durophagous and non-durophagous species illustrate that batoid skeletal reinforcement architectures are modular: trabeculae can be variously oriented and are dominant in some species (e.g. Rhina, Aetobatus), whereas cortical thickening is more significant in others (e.g. Rhynchobatus), or both reinforcing features can be lacking (e.g. Raja, Urobatis). We discuss interactions and implications of character states, framing a classification scheme for exploring cartilage structure evolution in the cartilaginous fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Clark
- Image and Analysis Centre, Core Research Labs, London, United Kingdom
| | - Júlia Chaumel
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Charlie Underwood
- Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Moya M. Smith
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Dental Institute, King’s College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mason N. Dean
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Mason N. Dean, ,
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3
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Wilmers J, Waldron M, Bargmann S. Hierarchical Microstructure of Tooth Enameloid in Two Lamniform Shark Species, Carcharias taurus and Isurus oxyrinchus. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11040969. [PMID: 33918809 PMCID: PMC8070439 DOI: 10.3390/nano11040969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Shark tooth enameloid is a hard tissue made up of nanoscale fluorapatite crystallites arranged in a unique hierarchical pattern. This microstructural design results in a macroscopic material that is stiff, strong, and tough, despite consisting almost completely of brittle mineral. In this contribution, we characterize and compare the enameloid microstructure of two modern lamniform sharks, Isurus oxyrinchus (shortfin mako shark) and Carcharias taurus (spotted ragged-tooth shark), based on scanning electron microscopy images. The hierarchical microstructure of shark enameloid is discussed in comparison with amniote enamel. Striking similarities in the microstructures of the two hard tissues are found. Identical structural motifs have developed on different levels of the hierarchy in response to similar biomechanical requirements in enameloid and enamel. Analyzing these structural patterns allows the identification of general microstructural design principles and their biomechanical function, thus paving the way for the design of bioinspired composite materials with superior properties such as high strength combined with high fracture resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Wilmers
- Chair of Solid Mechanics, University of Wuppertal, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-202-439-2086
| | - Miranda Waldron
- Electron Microscope Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7701, South Africa;
| | - Swantje Bargmann
- Chair of Solid Mechanics, University of Wuppertal, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany;
- Wuppertal Center for Smart Materials, University of Wuppertal, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
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4
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Vullo R, Frey E, Ifrim C, González González MA, Stinnesbeck ES, Stinnesbeck W. Manta-like planktivorous sharks in Late Cretaceous oceans. Science 2021; 371:1253-1256. [PMID: 33737486 DOI: 10.1126/science.abc1490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The ecomorphological diversity of extinct elasmobranchs is incompletely known. Here, we describe Aquilolamna milarcae, a bizarre probable planktivorous shark from early Late Cretaceous open marine deposits in Mexico. Aquilolamna, tentatively assigned to Lamniformes, is characterized by hypertrophied, slender pectoral fins. This previously unknown body plan represents an unexpected evolutionary experimentation with underwater flight among sharks, more than 30 million years before the rise of manta and devil rays (Mobulidae), and shows that winglike pectoral fins have evolved independently in two distantly related clades of filter-feeding elasmobranchs. This newly described group of highly specialized long-winged sharks (Aquilolamnidae) displays an aquilopelagic-like ecomorphotype and may have occupied, in late Mesozoic seas, the ecological niche filled by mobulids and other batoids after the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Vullo
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, Géosciences Rennes, UMR 6118, Rennes, France.
| | - Eberhard Frey
- Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | | | - Eva S Stinnesbeck
- Steinmann-Institut für Geologie, Mineralogie und Paläontologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Bonn, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Stinnesbeck
- Institute für Geowissenschaften, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität, Heidelberg, Germany
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5
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Shape-preserving erosion controlled by the graded microarchitecture of shark tooth enameloid. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5971. [PMID: 33235202 PMCID: PMC7686312 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19739-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The teeth of all vertebrates predominantly comprise the same materials, but their lifespans vary widely: in stark contrast to mammals, shark teeth are functional only for weeks, rather than decades, making lifelong durability largely irrelevant. However, their diets are diverse and often mechanically demanding, and as such, their teeth should maintain a functional morphology, even in the face of extremely high and potentially damaging contact stresses. Here, we reconcile the dilemma between the need for an operative tooth geometry and the unavoidable damage inherent to feeding on hard foods, demonstrating that the tooth cusps of Port Jackson sharks, hard-shelled prey specialists, possess unusual microarchitecture that controls tooth erosion in a way that maintains functional cusp shape. The graded architecture in the enameloid provokes a location-specific damage response, combining chipping of outer enameloid and smooth wear of inner enameloid to preserve an efficient shape for grasping hard prey. Our discovery provides experimental support for the dominant theory that multi-layered tooth enameloid facilitated evolutionary diversification of shark ecologies. Shark teeth have short lifespans yet can be subject to significant mechanical damage. Here, the authors report on a site-specific damage mechanism in shark teeth enameloid, which maintains tooth functional shape, providing experimental evidence that tooth architecture may have influenced the diversification of shark ecologies over evolution.
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6
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Moyer JK, Finucci B, Riccio ML, Irschick DJ. Dental morphology and microstructure of the Prickly Dogfish Oxynotus bruniensis (Squaliformes: Oxynotidae). J Anat 2020; 237:916-932. [PMID: 32539172 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study describes and illustrates the jaws, teeth, and tooth microstructure of the Prickly Dogfish Oxynotus bruniensis. Detailed accounts of the dental morphology of O. bruniensis are rare and have not addressed the tissue arrangement or microstructure of the teeth. These features are documented and discussed in the contexts of interspecific comparisons with other elasmobranchs and the dietary specialization of O. bruniensis. The overall tooth morphology of O. bruniensis is similar to those of other closely related members in the order Squaliformes, as is the tissue arrangement, or histotype. Oxynotus bruniensis exhibits a simplified enameloid microstructure, which we compare with previously documented enameloid microstructures of other elasmobranchs. Though subtle interspecific differences in dental characters are documented, neither overall tooth morphology nor histotype and microstructure are unique to O. bruniensis. We conclude that in the case of O. bruniensis, dietary specialization is facilitated by behavioral rather than morphological specialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua K Moyer
- Graduate Program in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Brittany Finucci
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | - Duncan J Irschick
- Graduate Program in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
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7
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Rutledge KM, Summers AP, Kolmann MA. Killing them softly: Ontogeny of jaw mechanics and stiffness in mollusk-feeding freshwater stingrays. J Morphol 2019; 280:796-808. [PMID: 30950541 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Durophagous predators consume hard-shelled prey such as bivalves, gastropods, and large crustaceans, typically by crushing the mineralized exoskeleton. This is costly from the point of view of the bite forces involved, handling times, and the stresses inflicted on the predator's skeleton. It is not uncommon for durophagous taxa to display an ontogenetic shift from softer to harder prey items, implying that it is relatively difficult for smaller animals to consume shelled prey. Batoid fishes (rays, skates, sawfishes, and guitarfishes) have independently evolved durophagy multiple times, despite the challenges associated with crushing prey harder than their own cartilaginous skeleton. Potamotrygon leopoldi is a durophagous freshwater ray endemic to the Xingu River in Brazil, with a jaw morphology superficially similar to its distant durophagous marine relatives, eagle rays (e.g., Aetomylaeus, Aetobatus). We used second moment of area as a proxy for the ability to resist bending and analyzed the arrangement of the mineralized skeleton of the jaw of P. leopoldi over ontogeny using data from computed tomography (CT) scans. The jaws of P. leopoldi do not resist bending nearly as well as other durophagous elasmobranchs, and the jaws are stiffest nearest the joints rather than beneath the dentition. While second moment has similar material distribution over ontogeny, mineralization of the jaws under the teeth increases with age. Neonate rays have low jaw stiffness and poor mineralization, suggesting that P. leopoldi may not feed on hard-shelled prey early in life. These differences in the shape, stiffness and mineralization of the jaws of P. leopoldi compared to its durophagous relatives show there are several solutions to the problem of crushing shelled prey with a compliant skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsi M Rutledge
- Department of Biology, Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, Friday Harbor, Washington.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Adam P Summers
- Department of Biology, Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, Friday Harbor, Washington
| | - Matthew A Kolmann
- Department of Biology, Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, Friday Harbor, Washington.,Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, D.C.,Department of Ichthyology, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Ontario
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8
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Villafaña JA, Marramà G, Hernandez S, Carrillo-Briceño JD, Hovestadt D, Kindlimann R, Kriwet J. The Neogene fossil record of Aetomylaeus (Elasmobranchii, Myliobatidae) from the southeastern Pacific. JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY 2019; 39:e1577251. [PMID: 31709025 PMCID: PMC6817319 DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2019.1577251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The presence of eagle rays of the genus Aetomylaeus in the Neogene of the Temperate Pacific coast of South America (TPSA) still is ambiguous, although the fossil record of elasmobranch fishes (sharks, rays, and skates) from this area is quite good. Here, we present the first unmistakable fossil remains of Aetomylaeus from the Neogene of the TPSA. The material comprises 13 dental plates from one site in Peru and six localities in Chile ranging in age from Miocene to Pliocene and was compared with dental plates of extant species. Our study reveals that the number of tooth rows and the shape of lateral teeth in extant species are seemingly very variable and need to be established before fossil specimens can be confidently identified. Consequently, we do not assign the fossil specimens from the Neogene of the TPSA to any species but leave them as Aetomylaeus. Moreover, we recognized that only the shape of medial teeth provides reliable diagnostic characters in our material, whereas the shape and number of lateral teeth are highly variable, similar to the condition seen in extant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime A Villafaña
- University of Vienna, Department of Paleontology, Althanstraße 14, Geocenter, 1090 Vienna, Austria, ;
| | - Giuseppe Marramà
- University of Vienna, Department of Paleontology, Althanstraße 14, Geocenter, 1090 Vienna, Austria, ;
| | - Sebastian Hernandez
- Biomolecular Laboratory, Center for International Programs, Universidad Veritas, 10105 San José, Costa Rica,
- Sala de Colecciones Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, 1780000 Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Jorge D Carrillo-Briceño
- Paläontologisches Institut und Museum der Universität Zürich, Karl Schmid-Strasse 4, CH-8006 Zürich, Switzerland,
| | | | | | - Jürgen Kriwet
- University of Vienna, Department of Paleontology, Althanstraße 14, Geocenter, 1090 Vienna, Austria, ;
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9
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Aguilera O, Luz Z, Carrillo-Briceño JD, Kocsis L, Vennemann TW, de Toledo PM, Nogueira A, Amorim KB, Moraes-Santos H, Polck MR, Ruivo MDL, Linhares AP, Monteiro-Neto C. Neogene sharks and rays from the Brazilian 'Blue Amazon'. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182740. [PMID: 28832664 PMCID: PMC5568136 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The lower Miocene Pirabas Formation in the North of Brazil was deposited under influence of the proto-Amazon River and is characterized by large changes in the ecological niches from the early Miocene onwards. To evaluate these ecological changes, the elasmobranch fauna of the fully marine, carbonate-rich beds was investigated. A diverse fauna with 24 taxa of sharks and rays was identified with the dominant groups being carcharhiniforms and myliobatiforms. This faunal composition is similar to other early Miocene assemblages from the proto-Carribbean bioprovince. However, the Pirabas Formation has unique features compared to the other localities; being the only Neogene fossil fish assemblage described from the Atlantic coast of Tropical Americas. Phosphate oxygen isotope composition of elasmobranch teeth served as proxies for paleotemperatures and paleoecology. The data are compatible with a predominantly tropical marine setting with recognized inshore and offshore habitats with some probable depth preferences (e.g., Aetomylaeus groups). Paleohabitat of taxa particularly found in the Neogene of the Americas (†Carcharhinus ackermannii, †Aetomylaeus cubensis) are estimated to have been principally coastal and shallow waters. Larger variation among the few analyzed modern selachians reflects a larger range for the isotopic composition of recent seawater compared to the early Miocene. This probably links to an increased influence of the Amazon River in the coastal regions during the Holocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orangel Aguilera
- Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brasil
| | - Zoneibe Luz
- Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brasil
- * E-mail:
| | | | - László Kocsis
- Faculty of Science, Geology Group, University of Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Torsten W. Vennemann
- Institut des Dynamiques de la Surface Terrestre, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland
| | - Peter Mann de Toledo
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Afonso Nogueira
- Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brasil
| | - Kamilla Borges Amorim
- Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Heloísa Moraes-Santos
- Coordenação de Ciências da Terra e Ecologia, Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Belém, Pará, Brasil
| | - Marcia Reis Polck
- Departamento Nacional de Produção Mineral, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Maria de Lourdes Ruivo
- Coordenação de Ciências da Terra e Ecologia, Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Belém, Pará, Brasil
| | - Ana Paula Linhares
- Coordenação de Ciências da Terra e Ecologia, Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Belém, Pará, Brasil
| | - Cassiano Monteiro-Neto
- Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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10
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Manzanares E, Rasskin-Gutman D, Botella H. New insights into the enameloid microstructure of batoid fishes (Chondrichthyes). Zool J Linn Soc 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Manzanares
- Department of Geology; University of Valencia; C/Dr. Moliner 50 Burjassot Valencia E-46100 Spain
| | - Diego Rasskin-Gutman
- Institut Cavanilles de Biodiversitat I Biología Evolutiva; University of Valencia; C/Catedrático José Beltrán, 5, Paterna Valencia E-46980 Spain
| | - Héctor Botella
- Department of Geology; University of Valencia; C/Dr. Moliner 50 Burjassot Valencia E-46100 Spain
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11
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Moyer JK, Riccio ML, Bemis WE. Development and microstructure of tooth histotypes in the blue shark, Prionace glauca (Carcharhiniformes: Carcharhinidae) and the great white shark, Carcharodon carcharias (Lamniformes: Lamnidae). J Morphol 2015; 276:797-817. [PMID: 25845614 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Elasmobranchs exhibit two distinct arrangements of mineralized tissues in the teeth that are known as orthodont and osteodont histotypes. Traditionally, it has been said that orthodont teeth maintain a pulp cavity throughout tooth development whereas osteodont teeth are filled with osteodentine and lack a pulp cavity when fully developed. We used light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and high-resolution micro-computed tomography to compare the structure and development of elasmobranch teeth representing the two histotypes. As an example of the orthodont histotype, we studied teeth of the blue shark, Prionace glauca (Carcharhiniformes: Carcharhinidae). For the osteodont histotype, we studied teeth of the great white shark, Carcharodon carcharias (Lamniformes: Lamnidae). We document similarities and differences in tooth development and the microstructure of tissues in these two species and review the history of definitions and interpretations of elasmobranch tooth histotypes. We discuss a possible correlation between tooth histotype and tooth replacement and review the history of histotype differentiation in sharks. We find that contrary to a long held misconception, there is no orthodentine in the osteodont teeth of C. carcharias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua K Moyer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853
| | - Mark L Riccio
- Institute of Biotechnology and Life Science Technologies, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853
| | - William E Bemis
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853
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12
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Enault S, Guinot G, Koot MB, Cuny G. Chondrichthyan tooth enameloid: past, present, and future. Zool J Linn Soc 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Enault
- Laboratoire de Paléontologie; Institut des Sciences de l'Évolution de Montpellier (ISE-M, UMR 5554, CNRS, UM2, IRD); c.c. 064 Université Montpellier 2 place Eugène Bataillon F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 05 France
| | - Guillaume Guinot
- Department of Geology and Palaeontology; Natural History Museum of Geneva; Route de Malagnou 1 CP 6434 CH-1211 Geneva 6 Switzerland
| | | | - Gilles Cuny
- UMR CNRS 5276 ENS LGLTPE; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Campus de la Doua Bâtiment Géode 2, rue Raphaël Dubois F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex France
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