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Feral pigeons: A reservoir of zoonotic Salmonella Enteritidis strains? Vet Microbiol 2016; 195:101-103. [PMID: 27771054 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica infections in pigeons are generally associated with pigeon-adapted strains of serovar Typhimurium that are of little public health concern. Here, we isolated Salmonella Enteritidis phage type 4 (PT4), an important human pathogen, from a population of feral pigeons in Brussels, which was further characterized by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis. All pigeon isolates belonged to the same pulsotype, which has been present in Belgian pigeons at least since 2001 and is associated with poultry and disease in humans. A high prevalence of 33% of Salmonella Enteritidis in Brussels combined with dense pigeon populations suggest that feral pigeons may constitute a significant, but unrevealed reservoir for contracting salmonellosis in the urban environment.
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Rasschaert G, Michiels J, Tagliabue M, Missotten J, De Smet S, Heyndrickx M. Effect of Organic Acids on Salmonella Shedding and Colonization in Pigs on a Farm with High Salmonella Prevalence. J Food Prot 2016; 79:51-8. [PMID: 26735029 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study builds on the results of a previous study in which six commercial feed products based on organic acids were evaluated with respect to Salmonella contamination of piglets in an artificially challenged seeder model. In the present study, the efficacy of three of these commercial products was assessed for Salmonella reduction in fattening pigs on one closed farm with a natural high Salmonella prevalence. In each of four fattening compartments, one of the following feed treatments was evaluated during two consecutive fattening rounds: (i) butyric acid (active ingredients at 1.3 kg/ton of feed; supplement A1), (ii) a combination of short-chain organic acids (mixture of free acids and salts) and natural extracts (2.92 kg/ton; supplement A4), (iii) a 1:1 blend of two commercial products consisting of medium-chain fatty acids, lactic acid, and oregano oil (3.71 kg/ton; supplement A5+A6), and (iv) a control feed. On the farm, the Salmonella status of the fattening pigs was evaluated by taking fecal samples twice during the fattening period. At the slaughterhouse, samples were collected from the cecal contents and the ileocecal lymph nodes. Salmonella isolates were serotyped and characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. This farm had a particularly high number of pigs shedding Salmonella with a wide variety of sero- and pulsotypes. Only the feed blend based on the medium-chain fatty acids was able to significantly reduce Salmonella prevalence both on the farm and at the slaughterhouse. With this combined supplement, the Salmonella reduction in the feces at slaughter age, in cecal contents at slaughter, and the lymph nodes was 50, 36, and 67%, respectively, compared with the control animals. This promising finding calls for further investigation including cost-efficiency of this combined feed product and its effect on the animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Rasschaert
- Technology and Food Science Unit, Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research, Brusselsesteenweg 370, 9090 Melle, Belgium.
| | - J Michiels
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - M Tagliabue
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Proefhoevestraat 10, 9090 Melle, Belgium
| | - J Missotten
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Proefhoevestraat 10, 9090 Melle, Belgium
| | - S De Smet
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Proefhoevestraat 10, 9090 Melle, Belgium
| | - M Heyndrickx
- Technology and Food Science Unit, Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research, Brusselsesteenweg 370, 9090 Melle, Belgium; Department of Pathology, Bacteriology, and Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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Bertrand S, De Lamine de Bex G, Wildemauwe C, Lunguya O, Phoba MF, Ley B, Jacobs J, Vanhoof R, Mattheus W. Multi locus variable-number tandem repeat (MLVA) typing tools improved the surveillance of Salmonella enteritidis: a 6 years retrospective study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117950. [PMID: 25693200 PMCID: PMC4334661 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Surveillance of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis is generally considered to benefit from molecular techniques like multiple-locus variable-number of tandem repeats analysis (MLVA), which allow early detection and confinement of outbreaks. Here, a surveillance study, including phage typing, antimicrobial susceptibility testing and MLVA on 1,535 S. Enteritidis isolates collected between 2007 and 2012, was used to evaluate the added value of MLVA for public health surveillance in Belgium. Phage types PT4, PT8, PT21, PT1, PT6, PT14b, PT28 and PT13 dominate the Belgian S. Enteritidis population. The isolates of S. Enteritidis were most frequently susceptible to all antibiotics tested. 172 different MLVA profiles were detected, of which 9 frequent profiles included 67.2% of the S. Enteritidis population. During a serial passage experiment on selected isolates to investigate the in vitro stability of the 5 MLVA loci, no variations over time were observed indicating that the MLVA profiles were stable. The MLVA profile of isolates originating from different outbreaks in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) between 2010 and 2011 were distinct from any of the MLVA profiles found in Belgian isolates throughout the six year observational period and demonstrates that MLVA improves public health surveillance of S. Enteritidis. However, MLVA should be complemented with other subtyping methods when investigating outbreaks is caused by the most common MLVA profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Bertrand
- National Reference Centre for Salmonellas, Bacterial Diseases Division, Communicable and Infectious Diseases, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Guillaume De Lamine de Bex
- National Reference Centre for Salmonellas, Bacterial Diseases Division, Communicable and Infectious Diseases, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christa Wildemauwe
- National Reference Centre for Salmonellas, Bacterial Diseases Division, Communicable and Infectious Diseases, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Octavie Lunguya
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, National Institute for Biomedical Research, Kinshasa, The Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Marie France Phoba
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, National Institute for Biomedical Research, Kinshasa, The Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Benedikt Ley
- Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jan Jacobs
- Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Raymond Vanhoof
- National Reference Centre for Salmonellas, Bacterial Diseases Division, Communicable and Infectious Diseases, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Wesley Mattheus
- National Reference Centre for Salmonellas, Bacterial Diseases Division, Communicable and Infectious Diseases, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium
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