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Xiong G, Hu T, Yang Y, Zhang H, Han M, Wang J, Jing Y, Liu H, Liao X, Liu Y. Minocycline attenuates the bilirubin-induced developmental neurotoxicity through the regulation of innate immunity and oxidative stress in zebrafish embryos. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 484:116859. [PMID: 38342443 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.116859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
When liver or intestinal function is impaired, bilirubin accumulates in the body and leads to neonatal jaundice. However, the potential negative effects caused by excessive accumulation of bilirubin such as developmental immunotoxicity and neurotoxicity remain unclear. We used a zebrafish model to establish bilirubin-induced jaundice symptoms and evaluated the toxic effects of bilirubin in aquatic organisms. Firstly, our results suggested that bilirubin exposure markedly decreased the survival rate, induced the developmental toxicity and increased the yellow pigment deposited in the zebrafish tail. Meanwhile, the number of macrophages and neutrophils was substantially reduced in a concentration-dependent manner. Besides, the antioxidant enzyme activities were greatly elevated while the inflammatory genes were significantly decreased after bilirubin exposure. Secondly, transcriptome analysis identified 708 genes were differentially expressed after bilirubin exposure, which animal organ morphogenesis, chemical synaptic transmission, and MAPK / mTOR signaling pathways were significantly enriched. Thirdly, bilirubin exposure leads to a significant decrease in the motility of zebrafish, including a dose-dependent decrease in the travelled distance, movement time, and average velocity. Moreover, the innate immune genes and apoptosis-related genes such as TLR4, NF-κB p65, STAT3 and p53 were elevated at a concentration of 10 μg/mL of bilirubin. Finally, our results further revealed that the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective minocycline could partially rescue the bilirubin-induced neurobehavioral disorders in zebrafish embryos. In conclusion, our study explored the bilirubin-induced immunotoxicity and neurotoxicity in aquatic organisms, which will provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of neonatal jaundice in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghua Xiong
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation of Anhui Province, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236041, Anhui, China
| | - Tianle Hu
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation of Anhui Province, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236041, Anhui, China
| | - Yihong Yang
- Emergency Department of Fuyang People's Hospital, Fuyang 236000, Anhui, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation of Anhui Province, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236041, Anhui, China
| | - Meiling Han
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation of Anhui Province, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236041, Anhui, China
| | - Jiahao Wang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation of Anhui Province, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236041, Anhui, China
| | - Yipeng Jing
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation of Anhui Province, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236041, Anhui, China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- Emergency Department of Fuyang People's Hospital, Fuyang 236000, Anhui, China.
| | - Xinjun Liao
- College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an 343009, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Yong Liu
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation of Anhui Province, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236041, Anhui, China.
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Bilirubin binding in jaundiced newborns: from bench to bedside? Pediatr Res 2018; 84:494-498. [PMID: 29967530 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-018-0010-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bilirubin-induced neurologic dysfunction (BIND) is a spectrum of preventable neurological sequelae in jaundiced newborns. Current total plasma bilirubin (BT) concentration thresholds for phototherapy and/or exchange transfusion poorly predict BIND. METHODS The unbound (free) bilirubin (Bf) measured at these BT thresholds provides additional information about the risk for BIND. Bf can be readily adapted to clinical use by determining Bf population parameters at current BT thresholds. These parameters can be established using a plasma bilirubin binding panel (BBP) consisting of BT, Bf, and two empiric constants, the maximum BT (BTmax) and the corresponding equilibrium association bilirubin constant (K). RESULTS BTmax and K provide the variables needed to accurately estimate Bf at BT < BTmax to obtain Bf at threshold BT in patient samples. Once Bf population parameters are known, the BBP in a newborn can be used to identify poor bilirubin binding (higher Bf at the threshold BT compared with the population) and increased risk of BIND. CONCLUSION The BBP can also be used in jaundice screening to better identify the actual BT at which intervention would be prudent. The BBP is used with current BT thresholds to better identify the risk of BIND and whether and when to intervene.
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