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Kissler KJ, Carlson NS, Hernandez TL. Characterizing uterine responsiveness to oxytocin augmentation across four labor patterns in maternal obesity. Birth 2024; 51:295-306. [PMID: 37915283 PMCID: PMC11061267 DOI: 10.1111/birt.12786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optimizing care during labor protraction is a key strategy for reducing cesareans, especially among people with obesity. The pathophysiology of labor dystocia remains poorly understood, limiting precise interventions targeting the cause of protraction. METHODS In this secondary analysis of nulliparas (n = 92) with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) and spontaneous labor onset, we classified labor into four phenotypes based on duration of protraction and birth route: (1) no protraction, (2) short protraction and vaginal birth, (3) extended protraction meeting criteria for labor arrest, but with eventual progression and vaginal birth, and (4) extended protraction meeting criteria for labor arrest and cesarean birth. Across these phenotypes, we compared MVU, oxytocin dose, and novel measures of uterine responsiveness to oxytocin augmentation (MVU to oxytocin dose ratios). RESULTS In our sample, phenotype group 1 comprised 14.1% (n = 13); group 2 comprised 30.4% (n = 28); group 3 comprised 34.8% (n = 32); and group 4 comprised 20.7% (n = 19). Uterine responsiveness to oxytocin, but not MVU, decreased with each labor phenotype. Participants with cesarean birth had the lowest uterine responsiveness to oxytocin. CONCLUSION Labor and birth outcomes were associated with measures of uterine responsiveness to oxytocin rather than MVU alone, and thus these may be more clinically appropriate measures for guiding clinical decision-making. Current criteria for labor arrest are likely too stringent for nulliparas with obesity, many of whom appear to progress to safe vaginal birth after longer labor durations. Differences in uterine responsiveness to oxytocin augmentation across the groups suggests underlying physiologic differences in the labor phenotypes, which should drive future research targeting pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine J. Kissler
- College of Nursing, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13120 East 19th Avenue, Mail Stop C288, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Nicole S. Carlson
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, 1520 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Teri L. Hernandez
- College of Nursing, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13120 East 19th Avenue, Mail Stop C288, Aurora, Colorado 80045
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
- Children’s Hospital Colorado. Aurora, Colorado 80045
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Weckend M, McCullough K, Duffield C, Bayes S, Davison C. Physiological plateaus during normal labor and birth: A novel definition. Birth 2024. [PMID: 38800984 DOI: 10.1111/birt.12843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnoses of labor dystocia, and subsequent labor augmentation, make one of the biggest contributions to childbirth medicalization, which remains a key challenge in contemporary maternity care. However, labor dystocia is poorly defined, and the antithetical concept of physiological plateaus remains insufficiently explored. AIM To generate a definition of physiological plateaus as a basis for further research. METHODS This qualitative study applied grounded theory methods and comprised interviews with 20 midwives across Australia, conducted between September 2020 and February 2022. Data were coded in a three-phase approach, starting with inductive line-by-line coding, which generated themes and subthemes, and finally, through axial coding. RESULTS Physiological plateaus represent a temporary slowing of one or multiple labor processes and appear to be common during childbirth. They are reported throughout the entire continuum of labor, typically lasting between a few minutes to several hours. Their etiology/function appears to be a self-regulatory mechanism of the mother-infant dyad. Physiological plateaus typically self-resolve and are followed by a self-resumption of labor. Women with physiological plateaus during labor appear to experience positive birth outcomes. DISCUSSION Despite appearing to be common, physiological plateaus are insufficiently recognized in contemporary childbirth discourse. Consequently, there seems to be a significant risk of misinterpretation of physiological plateaus as labor dystocia. While findings are limited by the qualitative design and require validation through further quantitative research, the proposed novel definition provides an important starting point for further investigation. CONCLUSION A better understanding of physiological plateaus holds the potential for a de-medicalization of childbirth through preventing unjustified labor augmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Weckend
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kylie McCullough
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Christine Duffield
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sara Bayes
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Clare Davison
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
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Bao J, Ma X, Kent LN, Wakle-Prabagaran M, McCarthy R, England SK. BKCa channels are involved in spontaneous and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated uterine contraction in late gestation mice†. Biol Reprod 2024; 110:798-807. [PMID: 38134962 PMCID: PMC11017124 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The large-conductance, voltage-gated, calcium (Ca2+)-activated potassium channel (BKCa) is one of the most abundant potassium channels in the myometrium. Previous work conducted by our group has identified a link between inflammation, BKCa channels and excitability of myometrial smooth muscle cells. Here, we investigate the role of BKCa channels in spontaneous and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated uterine contraction to gain a better understanding of the relationship between the BKCa channel and uterine contraction in basal and inflammatory states. Uteri of C57BL/6 J mice on gestational day 18.5 (GD18.5) were obtained and either fixed in formalin or used immediately for tension recording or isolation of primary myocytes for patch-clamp. Paraffin sections were used for immunofluorescenctdetection of BKCa and Toll-like receptor (TLR4). For tension recordings, LPS was administered to determine its effect on uterine contractions. Paxilline, a BKCa inhibitor, was used to dissect the role of BKCa in uterine contraction in basal and inflammatory states. Finally, patch-clamp recordings were performed to investigate the relationship between LPS, the BKCa channel and membrane currents in mouse myometrial smooth muscle cells (mMSMCs). We confirmed the expression of BKCa and TLR4 in the myometrium of GD18.5 mice and found that inhibiting BKCa channels with paxilline suppressed both spontaneous and LPS-stimulated uterine contractions. Furthermore, application of BKCa inhibitors (paxilline or iberiotoxin) after LPS inhibited BKCa channel activity in mMSMCs. Moreover, pretreatment with BKCa inhibitor or the TLR4 inhibitor suppressed LPS-activated BKCa currents. Our study demonstrates that BKCa channels are involved in both basal and LPS-stimulated uterine contraction in pregnant mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Bao
- Preterm Birth Prevention and Treatment Research Unit, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lindsey N Kent
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Monali Wakle-Prabagaran
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ronald McCarthy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sarah K England
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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4
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Wang X, Chen L, Wen B, Wang L, Yang F, Bao J, Pan X, Zhang G, Ji K, Liu H. Serpin family E member 1 enhances myometrium contractility by increasing ATP production during labor. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23368. [PMID: 38100644 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301804r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The uterine contraction during labor, a process with repetitive hypoxia and high energy consumption, is essential for successful delivery. However, the molecular mechanism of myometrial contraction regulation is unknown. Serpin family E member 1 (SERPINE1), one of the most upregulated genes in laboring myometrium in both transcriptome and proteome, was highlighted in our previous study. Here, we confirmed SERPINE1 is upregulated in myometrium during labor. Blockade of SERPINE1 using small interfering RNA (siRNA) or inhibitor (Tiplaxtinin) under hypoxic conditions in myocytes or myometrium in vitro showed a decrease contractility, which was achieved by regulating ATP production. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP-seq), Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) pull down explored that the promoter of SERPINE1 is directly activated by hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and SERPINE1 interacts with ATP Synthase Peripheral Stalk Subunit F6 (ATP5PF). Together they enhance hypoxia driven myometrial contraction by maintaining ATP production in the key oxidative phosphorylation pathway. The results provide new insight for uterine contraction regulation, and potential novel therapeutic targets for labor management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodi Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Lina Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Bolun Wen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Lele Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Fan Yang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Junjie Bao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiuyu Pan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Guozheng Zhang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Kaiyuan Ji
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Huishu Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, PR China
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Buckley S, Uvnäs-Moberg K, Pajalic Z, Luegmair K, Ekström-Bergström A, Dencker A, Massarotti C, Kotlowska A, Callaway L, Morano S, Olza I, Magistretti CM. Maternal and newborn plasma oxytocin levels in response to maternal synthetic oxytocin administration during labour, birth and postpartum - a systematic review with implications for the function of the oxytocinergic system. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023; 23:137. [PMID: 36864410 PMCID: PMC9979579 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-022-05221-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The reproductive hormone oxytocin facilitates labour, birth and postpartum adaptations for women and newborns. Synthetic oxytocin is commonly given to induce or augment labour and to decrease postpartum bleeding. AIM To systematically review studies measuring plasma oxytocin levels in women and newborns following maternal administration of synthetic oxytocin during labour, birth and/or postpartum and to consider possible impacts on endogenous oxytocin and related systems. METHODS Systematic searches of PubMed, CINAHL, PsycInfo and Scopus databases followed PRISMA guidelines, including all peer-reviewed studies in languages understood by the authors. Thirty-five publications met inclusion criteria, including 1373 women and 148 newborns. Studies varied substantially in design and methodology, so classical meta-analysis was not possible. Therefore, results were categorized, analysed and summarised in text and tables. RESULTS Infusions of synthetic oxytocin increased maternal plasma oxytocin levels dose-dependently; doubling the infusion rate approximately doubled oxytocin levels. Infusions below 10 milliunits per minute (mU/min) did not raise maternal oxytocin above the range observed in physiological labour. At high intrapartum infusion rates (up to 32 mU/min) maternal plasma oxytocin reached 2-3 times physiological levels. Postpartum synthetic oxytocin regimens used comparatively higher doses with shorter duration compared to labour, giving greater but transient maternal oxytocin elevations. Total postpartum dose was comparable to total intrapartum dose following vaginal birth, but post-caesarean dosages were higher. Newborn oxytocin levels were higher in the umbilical artery vs. umbilical vein, and both were higher than maternal plasma levels, implying substantial fetal oxytocin production in labour. Newborn oxytocin levels were not further elevated following maternal intrapartum synthetic oxytocin, suggesting that synthetic oxytocin at clinical doses does not cross from mother to fetus. CONCLUSIONS Synthetic oxytocin infusion during labour increased maternal plasma oxytocin levels 2-3-fold at the highest doses and was not associated with neonatal plasma oxytocin elevations. Therefore, direct effects from synthetic oxytocin transfer to maternal brain or fetus are unlikely. However, infusions of synthetic oxytocin in labour change uterine contraction patterns. This may influence uterine blood flow and maternal autonomic nervous system activity, potentially harming the fetus and increasing maternal pain and stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Buckley
- grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Zada Pajalic
- grid.463529.f0000 0004 0610 6148Faculty for Health Sciences, VID Specialized University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karolina Luegmair
- grid.9018.00000 0001 0679 2801Institute for Health Care and Nursing Studies, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Anette Ekström-Bergström
- grid.412716.70000 0000 8970 3706Department of Health Sciences, University West, Trollhättan, Sweden
| | - Anna Dencker
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Institute of Health and Care Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Claudia Massarotti
- grid.5606.50000 0001 2151 3065Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alicja Kotlowska
- grid.11451.300000 0001 0531 3426Department of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Leonie Callaway
- grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sandra Morano
- grid.5606.50000 0001 2151 3065Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Ibone Olza
- European Institute of Perinatal Mental Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudia Meier Magistretti
- grid.425064.10000 0001 2191 8943Institute for Health Policies, Prevention and Health Promotion, Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Luzern, Switzerland
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Kissler K, Hurt KJ. The Pathophysiology of Labor Dystocia: Theme with Variations. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:729-742. [PMID: 35817950 PMCID: PMC10388369 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-01018-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Abnormally prolonged labor, or labor dystocia, is a common complication of parturition. It is the indication for about half of unplanned cesarean deliveries in low-risk nulliparous women. Reducing the rate of unplanned cesarean birth in the USA has been a public health priority over the last two decades with limited success. Labor dystocia is a complex disorder due to multiple causes with a common clinical outcome of slow cervical dilation and fetal descent. A better understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of labor dystocia could lead to new clinical opportunities to increase the rate of normal vaginal delivery, reduce cesarean birth rates, and improve maternal and neonatal health. We conducted a literature review of the causes and pathophysiologic mechanisms of labor dystocia. We summarize known mechanisms supported by clinical and experimental data and newer hypotheses with less supporting evidence. We review recent data on uterine preparation for labor, uterine contractility, cervical preparation for labor, maternal obesity, cephalopelvic disproportion, fetal malposition, intrauterine infection, and maternal stress. We also describe current clinical approaches to preventing and managing labor dystocia. The variation in pathophysiologic causes of labor dystocia probably limits the utility of current general treatment options. However, treatments targeting specific underlying etiologies could be more effective. We found that the pathophysiologic basis of labor dystocia is under-researched, offering wide opportunities for translational investigation of individualized labor management, particularly regarding uterine metabolism and fetal position. More precise diagnostic tools and individualized therapies for labor dystocia might lead to better outcomes. We conclude that additional knowledge of parturition physiology coupled with rigorous clinical evaluation of novel biologically directed treatments could improve obstetric quality of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Kissler
- College of Nursing, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - K Joseph Hurt
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 East 19th Avenue, Mailstop 8613, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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Analgesia during Parturition in Domestic Animals: Perspectives and Controversies on Its Use. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12192686. [PMID: 36230426 PMCID: PMC9558556 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This article analyzes the physiological role of pain during parturition in domestic animals, discusses the controversies surrounding the use of opioids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and local analgesics as treatments during labor, and presents the advantages and disadvantages for mother and offspring. Labor is a potentially stressful and painful event, due to the contractions that promote expulsion of the fetus. During labor, neurotransmitters such as the prostaglandins contribute to the sensitization of oxytocin receptors in the myometrium and the activation of nociceptive fibers, thus supporting the physiological role of pain. Endogenously, the body secretes opioid peptides that modulate harmful stimuli and, at the same time, can inhibit oxytocin's action in the myometrium. Treating pain during the different stages of parturition is an option that can help prevent such consequences as tachycardia, changes in breathing patterns, and respiratory acidosis, all of which can harm the wellbeing of offspring. However, studies have found that some analgesics can promote myometrial contractility, increase expulsion time, affect fetal circulation, and alter mother-offspring recognition due to hypnotic effects. Other data, however, indicate that reducing the number of uterine contractions with analgesics increases their potency, thus improving maternal performance. Managing pain during labor requires understanding the tocolytic properties of analgesics and their advantages in preventing the consequences of pain.
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8
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Positive growth of smooth muscle in uterine horns of myostatin homozygous mutant gilt. Res Vet Sci 2022; 152:228-235. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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de Sousa ÍA, de Meneses GMS, Cardoso JVM, Lopes PQ, de Sousa JA, Cavalcanti SMPG, da Silva Cavalcanti PM, Filho FC. Inhibitory effect of Pyr6 (an Orai channel blocker) on agonist-induced contractions in rat uterus. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2021; 47:4306-4318. [PMID: 34571573 DOI: 10.1111/jog.15034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Both human and rat myometrium express stromal interaction molecule (STIM) and Orai/ transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) proteins, which are components of plasma membrane Ca2+ store-operated channels. There are reports that these proteins mediate agonist-induced Ca2+ influx in cultured myometrial cells. In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of Pyr6, an Orai channel blocker, on different agonist-induced contractions in isolated segments of rat uterus. MAIN FINDINGS In Ca2+ -free Tyrode's solution, Pyr6 (3 μM) promoted a reduction in both the magnitude and frequency of Ca2+ (1 mM)-induced uterine contractions after the addition of carbachol (CCh, 100 μM), but not after the addition of oxytocin (OT, 150 nM). In Ca2+ (0.18 mM)-Tyrode's solution, Pyr6 completely relaxed uterine contractions induced by both CCh and cloprostenol (300 nM), but not those induced by either KCI (40-80 mM) or OT. The addition of Pyr6 abolished the oscillatory uterine contractions induced by Ca2+ after the addition of cyclopiazonic acid (CPA, 10 μM). When pre-incubated (5 min), Pyr6 reduced the magnitude of both CCh-induced phasic and tonic contractions. The addition of Pyr2 (3 μM), an Orai and TRPC channel blocker, abolished uterine contractions induced by CCh or OT. CONCLUSION Considering Pyr6 as an Orai channel blocker and its inhibitory effect on uterine contractions induced by CCh, CPA, and cloprostenol, we suggest that Orai channels are required for the maintenance of contractions induced by these agonists in rat uterus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ícaro Araújo de Sousa
- Biophysics and Physiology Department, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Piauí, Ininga, Teresina, Brazil
| | | | - José Victor Miranda Cardoso
- Biophysics and Physiology Department, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Piauí, Ininga, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Pablo Queiroz Lopes
- Pharmacological Sciences Department, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Cidade Universitária - Campus I. Castelo Branco, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Joubert Aires de Sousa
- Physiotherapy Department, Health Sciences Center, University of the State of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Marques da Silva Cavalcanti
- Pharmacological Sciences Department, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Cidade Universitária - Campus I. Castelo Branco, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Francisco Chagas Filho
- Biophysics and Physiology Department, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Piauí, Ininga, Teresina, Brazil
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10
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Cohen WR, Friedman EA. Clinical evaluation of labor: an evidence- and experience-based approach. J Perinat Med 2021; 49:241-253. [PMID: 33068385 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2020-0256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
During labor mother and fetus are evaluated at intervals to assess their well-being and determine how the labor is progressing. These assessments require skillful physical diagnosis and the ability to translate the acquired information into meaningful prognostic decision-making. We describe a coordinated approach to the assessment of labor. Graphing of serial measurements of cervical dilatation and fetal station creates "labor curves," which provide diagnostic and prognostic information. Based on these curves we recognize nine discrete labor abnormalities. Many may be related to insufficient or disordered contractile mechanisms. Several factors are strongly associated with development of labor disorders, including cephalopelvic disproportion, excess analgesia, fetal malpositions, intrauterine infection, and maternal obesity. Clinical cephalopelvimetry involves assessing pelvic traits and predicting their effects on labor. These observations must be integrated with information derived from the labor curves. Exogenous oxytocin is widely used. It has a high therapeutic index, but is easily misused. Oxytocin treatment should be restricted to situations in which its potential benefits clearly outweigh its risks. This requires there be a documented labor dysfunction or a legitimate medical reason to shorten the labor. Normal labor and delivery pose little risk to a healthy fetus; but dysfunctional labors, especially if stimulated excessively by oxytocin or terminated by complex operative vaginal delivery, have the potential for considerable harm. Conscientiously implemented, the approach to the evaluation of labor outlined in this review will result in a reasonable cesarean rate and minimize risks that may accrue from the labor and delivery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne R Cohen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Emanuel A Friedman
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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11
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Supplying sows energy on the expected day of farrowing improves farrowing kinetics and newborn piglet performance in the first 24 h after birth. Animal 2020; 14:2271-2276. [PMID: 32580812 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731120001317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The farrowing process is one of the most energy-demanding activities for the modern hyperprolific sow. This study evaluated the effects of supply of energy on the expected date of farrowing on the farrowing kinetics and piglets' performance during the first 24 h after birth. A total of 80 sows were used. The sows and their respective litters were considered as the experimental unit. On the expected day of farrowing, the sows were allocated to one of the following groups: sows that did not have access to feed from farrowing induction until the end of the farrowing process (CON, n = 40); sows fed 500 g of energetic supplement, which consisted of 250 g of the basal lactation diet plus 250 g of cane sugar, 18 h after farrowing induction (SUP, n = 40). The farrowing duration, farrowing assistance, birth interval, number of total born, stillborn and mummified piglets were recorded for each sow. Piglets were weighed individually at birth and 24 h later. The interval from birth to first suckle was evaluated individually for each piglet in 16 randomly selected litters (eight litters per treatment group). Blood glucose concentrations of six sows were measured shortly after expulsion of the first piglet. Farrowing duration, farrowing assistance and stillborn rate tended to be greater (P = 0.06, P = 0.09 and P = 0.07, respectively) in sows from the CON group compared to sows from the SUP group. However, there was no difference (P > 0.05) between the groups for birth interval. Colostrum intake was greater (P < 0.05) for piglets from the SUP group compared to piglets from the CON group. Additionally, BW gain of the piglets suckling the SUP group was greater (P < 0.05) than those suckling the CON group at 24 h after birth. The blood glucose concentrations during the expulsive stage of farrowing were greater (P < 0.05) in the SUP group than for sows from the CON group. In conclusion, supplying modern hyperprolific sows energy on the expected day of farrowing is a valuable nutritional intervention to improve the farrowing kinetics and piglets' performance in early life.
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Carlson NS, Frediani JK, Corwin EJ, Dunlop A, Jones D. Metabolic Pathways Associated With Term Labor Induction Course in African American Women. Biol Res Nurs 2020; 22:157-168. [PMID: 31983215 PMCID: PMC7273804 DOI: 10.1177/1099800419899730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate differences in the metabolic pathways activated in late-pregnancy serum samples among African American women who went on to have term (≥37 weeks) labor induction requiring high total oxytocin doses to complete first-stage labor compared to those in similar women with low-oxytocin labor inductions. STUDY DESIGN Case-control study (N = 27 women with labor induction with successful cervical ripening: 13 requiring the highest total doses of synthetic oxytocin to progress from 4- to 10-cm cervical dilation and 14 requiring the lowest total doses) with groups balanced on parity and gestational age. Serum samples obtained between 24 and 30 weeks' gestation were analyzed using ultra-high-resolution metabolomics. Differentially expressed metabolites between high-oxytocin induction cases and low-oxytocin induction comparison subjects were evaluated using linear regression with xmsPANDA. Metabolic pathways analysis was conducted using Mummichog Version 2.0, with discriminating metabolites annotated using xMSannotator Version 1.3. RESULTS Labor processes were similar by group with the exception that cases received over 6 times more oxytocin between 4- and 10-cm cervical dilation than comparison women. Induction requiring high total doses of synthetic oxytocin was associated with late-pregnancy serum levels of metabolites from the linoleate and fatty acid activation pathways in term, African American women. CONCLUSION Serum levels of several lipid metabolites predicted more complicated labor induction involving higher doses of synthetic oxytocin to complete first-stage labor. Further investigation in larger, more diverse cohorts of women is needed to identify potential targets to prevent failed labor induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole S. Carlson
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University,
Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth J. Corwin
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University,
Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Emory
University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anne Dunlop
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University,
Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Emory
University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA,
USA
| | - Dean Jones
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Emory
University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Bafor EE, Kupittayanant S. Medicinal plants and their agents that affect uterine contractility. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Trying to keep calm in troubled times: The role of K channels in uterine physiology. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Maternal parity and functional contractility of human myometrium in vitro in the third trimester of pregnancy. J Perinatol 2019; 39:439-444. [PMID: 30655596 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-019-0312-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is well established that the duration of the first and second stages of labor are shorter in parous women than in their nulliparous counterparts, a phenomenon not well understood. The aim was to examine the effect of maternal parity on contractile parameters of human myometrium. DESIGN Myometrial strips were excised from n = 74 women at cesarean delivery and recordings of contractile activity analyzed and compared across three clinical groups: 1. No previous delivery (P0); 2. One previous delivery (P1); 3. Greater than one previous delivery (P>1). RESULTS There was a trend towards greater mean contractile force in the P>1 group than the P1 and P0 groups (P = 0.412). Frequency of contractions was less in the P1 group than in the P0 and P>1 groups(P = 0.027). No differences were observed in relation to all other parameters. CONCLUSION Excluding frequency, no intrinsic differences were observed in the functional parameters of human uterine contractions in relation to parity.
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The Myometrium: From Excitation to Contractions and Labour. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1124:233-263. [PMID: 31183830 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-5895-1_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
We start by describing the functions of the uterus, its structure, both gross and fine, innervation and blood supply. It is interesting to note the diversity of the female's reproductive tract between species and to remember it when working with different animal models. Myocytes are the overwhelming cell type of the uterus (>95%) and our focus. Their function is to contract, and they have an intrinsic pacemaker and rhythmicity, which is modified by hormones, stretch, paracrine factors and the extracellular environment. We discuss evidence or not for pacemaker cells in the uterus. We also describe the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in some detail, as it is relevant to calcium signalling and excitability. Ion channels, including store-operated ones, their contributions to excitability and action potentials, are covered. The main pathway to excitation is from depolarisation opening voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. Much of what happens downstream of excitability is common to other smooth muscles, with force depending upon the balance of myosin light kinase and phosphatase. Mechanisms of maintaining Ca2+ balance within the myocytes are discussed. Metabolism, and how it is intertwined with activity, blood flow and pH, is covered. Growth of the myometrium and changes in contractile proteins with pregnancy and parturition are also detailed. We finish with a description of uterine activity and why it is important, covering progression to labour as well as preterm and dysfunctional labours. We conclude by highlighting progress made and where further efforts are required.
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Neal JL, Lowe NK, Phillippi JC, Carlson NS, Knupp AM, Dietrich MS. Likelihood of cesarean birth among parous women after applying leading active labor diagnostic guidelines. Midwifery 2018; 67:64-69. [PMID: 30253316 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hospital admission during early labor may increase women's risk for medical and surgical interventions. However, it is unclear which diagnostic guideline is best suited for identifying the active phase of labor among parous women. Dr. Emanuel Friedman, the United Kingdom's National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists/Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (ACOG/SMFM) support different active labor diagnostic guidelines. Our aims were (1) to determine the proportions of parous women admitted to the hospital before or in active labor per these leading guidelines and (2) to compare associations of labor status at admission (i.e., early labor or active labor) with oxytocin augmentation, cesarean birth, and adverse birth outcomes when using the different active labor diagnostic guidelines. DESIGN Active labor diagnostic guidelines were applied retrospectively to cervical examination data. Binomial logistic regression was used to assess associations of labor status at admission (i.e., early labor relative to active labor) and outcomes. SETTING A large, academic, tertiary medical center in the Midwestern United States. PARTICIPANTS Parous women with spontaneous labor onset who gave birth to a single, cephalic-presenting fetus at term gestation between 2006 and 2010 (n = 3,219). FINDINGS At admission, 28.8%, 71.9%, and 24.4% of parous women were in active labor per Friedman, NICE, and ACOG/SMFM diagnostic guidelines, respectively. Oxytocin augmentation was more likely among women admitted in early labor, regardless of the diagnostic strategy used (p < 0.001 for each guideline). Cesarean birth was also more likely among women admitted before versus in active labor according to all guidelines (Friedman: adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 3.63 [95% CI 1.46-9.03]), NICE: AOR 2.71 [95% CI 1.47-4.99]), and ACOG/SMFM: AOR 2.11 [95% CI 1.02-4.34]). There were no differences in a composite measure of adverse outcomes within active labor diagnostic guidelines after adjusting for covariates. KEY CONCLUSIONS Many parous women with spontaneous labor onset are admitted to the hospital before active labor. These women are more likely to receive oxytocin augmentation during labor and are more likely to have a cesarean birth. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Diagnosing active labor prior to admission or prior to intervention aimed at speeding labor after admission may decrease likelihoods for primary cesarean births. The NICE dilation-rate based active labor diagnostic guideline is more inclusive than Friedman or ACOG/SMFM guidelines and its use may be the most clinically-useful for improving the likelihood of vaginal birth among parous women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy L Neal
- Vanderbilt University School of Nursing, 461 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37240, USA.
| | - Nancy K Lowe
- University of Colorado College of Nursing, 13120 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Julia C Phillippi
- Vanderbilt University School of Nursing, 461 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37240, USA.
| | - Nicole S Carlson
- Emory University Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, 1520 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Amy M Knupp
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 410 West 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH USA.
| | - Mary S Dietrich
- Vanderbilt University School of Nursing, 461 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37240, USA.
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Cohen WR, Friedman EA. The assessment of labor: a brief history. J Perinat Med 2018; 46:1-8. [PMID: 28328535 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2017-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In the 1930s, investigators in the US, Germany and Switzerland made the first attempts to quantify the course of labor in a clinically meaningful way. They emphasized the rupture of membranes as a pivotal event governing labor progress. Attention was also placed on the total number of contractions as a guide to normality. Beginning in the 1950s, Friedman determined that changes in cervical dilatation and fetal station over time were the most useful parameters for the assessment of labor progress. He showed all normal labors had similar patterns of dilatation and descent, differing only in the durations and slopes of their component parts. These observations led to the formulation of criteria that elevated the assessment of labor from a rather arbitrary exercise to one guided by scientific objectivity. Researchers worldwide confirmed the basic nature of labor curves and validated their functionality. This system allows us to quantify the effects of parity, analgesia, maternal obesity, prior cesarean, maternal age, and fetal presentation and position on labor. It permits analysis of outcomes associated with labor aberrations, quantifies the effectiveness of treatments and assesses the need for cesarean delivery. Also, dysfunctional labor patterns serve as indicators of short- and long-term risks to offspring. We still lack the necessary translational research to link the physiologic manifestations of uterine contractility with changes in dilatation and descent. Recent efforts to interpret electrohysterographic patterns hold promise in this regard, as does preliminary exploration into the molecular basis of dysfunctional labor. For now, the clinician is best served by a system of labor assessment proposed more than 60 years ago and embellished upon in considerable detail since.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne R Cohen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, 4841 North Valley View Road, Tucson, AZ 85718, USA, Tel.: 646-270-5518, Fax: 520-505-4213, E-mail:
| | - Emanuel A Friedman
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Beta-Estradiol Regulates Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels and Estrogen Receptors in Telocytes from Human Myometrium. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051413. [PMID: 29747396 PMCID: PMC5983827 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated calcium channels and estrogen receptors are essential players in uterine physiology, and their association with different calcium signaling pathways contributes to healthy and pathological conditions of the uterine myometrium. Among the properties of the various cell subtypes present in human uterine myometrium, there is increasing evidence that calcium oscillations in telocytes (TCs) contribute to contractile activity and pregnancy. Our study aimed to evaluate the effects of beta-estradiol on voltage-gated calcium channels and estrogen receptors in TCs from human uterine myometrium and to understand their role in pregnancy. For this purpose, we employed patch-clamp recordings, ratiometric Fura-2-based calcium imaging analysis, and qRT-PCR techniques for the analysis of cultured human myometrial TCs derived from pregnant and non-pregnant uterine samples. In human myometrial TCs from both non-pregnant and pregnant uterus, we evidenced by qRT-PCR the presence of genes encoding for voltage-gated calcium channels (Cav3.1, Ca3.2, Cav3.3, Cav2.1), estrogen receptors (ESR1, ESR2, GPR30), and nuclear receptor coactivator 3 (NCOA3). Pregnancy significantly upregulated Cav3.1 and downregulated Cav3.2, Cav3.3, ESR1, ESR2, and NCOA3, compared to the non-pregnant condition. Beta-estradiol treatment (24 h, 10, 100, 1000 nM) downregulated Cav3.2, Cav3.3, Cav1.2, ESR1, ESR2, GRP30, and NCOA3 in TCs from human pregnant uterine myometrium. We also confirmed the functional expression of voltage-gated calcium channels by patch-clamp recordings and calcium imaging analysis of TCs from pregnant human myometrium by perfusing with BAY K8644, which induced calcium influx through these channels. Additionally, we demonstrated that beta-estradiol (1000 nM) antagonized the effect of BAY K8644 (2.5 or 5 µM) in the same preparations. In conclusion, we evidenced the presence of voltage-gated calcium channels and estrogen receptors in TCs from non-pregnant and pregnant human uterine myometrium and their gene expression regulation by beta-estradiol in pregnant conditions. Further exploration of the calcium signaling in TCs and its modulation by estrogen hormones will contribute to the understanding of labor and pregnancy mechanisms and to the development of effective strategies to reduce the risk of premature birth.
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Abstract
Once based mainly in paediatrics, inborn errors of metabolism (IEM), or inherited metabolic disorders (IMD) represent a growing adult medicine specialty. Individually rare these conditions have currently, a collective estimated prevalence of >1:800. Diagnosis has improved through expanded newborn screening programs, identification of potentially affected family members and greater awareness of symptomatic presentations in adolescence and in adulthood. Better survival and reduced mortality from previously lethal and debilitating conditions means greater numbers transition to adulthood. Pregnancy, once contraindicated for many, may represent a challenging but successful outcome. Successful pregnancies are now reported in a wide range of IEM. Significant challenges remain, given the biological stresses of pregnancy, parturition and the puerperium. Known diagnoses allow preventive and pre-emptive management. Unrecognized metabolic disorders especially, remain a preventable cause of maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity. Increased awareness of these conditions amongst all clinicians is essential to expedite diagnosis and manage appropriately. This review aims to describe normal adaptations to pregnancy and discuss how various types of IEM may be affected. Relevant translational research and clinical experience will be reviewed with practical management aspects cited. Based on current literature, the impact of maternal IEM on mother and/or foetus, as well as how foetal IEM may affect the mother, will be considered. Insights gained from these rare disorders to more common conditions will be explored. Gaps in the literature, unanswered questions and steps to enhance further knowledge and systematically capture experience, such as establishment of an IEM-pregnancy registry, will be summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Wilcox
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- The Mark Holland Metabolic Unit, Salford Royal Foundation NHS Trust, Salford, Greater Manchester, M6 8HD, UK.
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Wiberg-Itzel E, Wray S, Åkerud H. A randomized controlled trial of a new treatment for labor dystocia. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2017; 31:2237-2244. [PMID: 28587493 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2017.1339268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Labor dystocia is an intransigent, high-profile issue in obstetric care. Amniotic fluid lactate (AFL) reflects the uterine metabolic status. High levels associate with subsequent need for operative intervention due to dystocia. In sports medicine, it is known that lactic acid can affect muscular performance and can be decreased by bicarbonate given orally before physical activity. MATERIAL AND METHODS Two hundred dystocic deliveries were included. At the confirmation of dystocia, the AFL-level was analyzed. Deliveries were randomized to an intake of bicarbonate or not. In the "non-bicarbonate-group", stimulation with oxytocin was started immediately. In the "bicarbonate-group", bicarbonate was given; and oxytocin was started 1 hour after the intake. New sampling of AF was performed after 1 hour in both groups. OUTCOME MEASURED if an oral intake of bicarbonate changes the AFL levels and enhances delivery outcome in dystocic deliveries. RESULTS Bicarbonate decreases the AFL levels (p < .001). The spontaneous vaginal delivery rate after treatment with bicarbonate was increased (p = .007), without affecting the fetal outcome. CONCLUSIONS An increase of spontaneous vaginal deliveries resulted from bicarbonate ingestion by dystocic women. A decreased level of AFL-level was shown. This simple, low cost treatment has the potential to improve maternal morbidity and satisfaction worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Wiberg-Itzel
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Sodersjukhuset , Stockholm , Sweden.,b Department of Clinical Science and Education, Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , Karolinska Institutet , Sodersjukhuset , Sweden
| | - Susan Wray
- c Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology , Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool , Liverpool , UK
| | - Helena Åkerud
- d Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology , Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
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Myers KM, Elad D. Biomechanics of the human uterus. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 9. [PMID: 28498625 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The appropriate biomechanical function of the uterus is required for the execution of human reproduction. These functions range from aiding the transport of the embryo to the implantation site, to remodeling its tissue walls to host the placenta, to protecting the fetus during gestation, to contracting forcefully for a safe parturition and postpartum, to remodeling back to its nonpregnant condition to renew the cycle of menstruation. To serve these remarkably diverse functions, the uterus is optimally geared with evolving and contractile muscle and tissue layers that are cued by chemical, hormonal, electrical, and mechanical signals. The relationship between these highly active biological signaling mechanisms and uterine biomechanical function is not completely understood for normal reproductive processes and pathological conditions such as adenomyosis, endometriosis, infertility and preterm labor. Animal studies have illuminated the rich structural function of the uterus, particularly in pregnancy. In humans, medical imaging techniques in ultrasound and magnetic resonance have been combined with computational engineering techniques to characterize the uterus in vivo, and advanced experimental techniques have explored uterine function using ex vivo tissue samples. The collective evidence presented in this review gives an overall perspective on uterine biomechanics related to both its nonpregnant and pregnant function, highlighting open research topics in the field. Additionally, uterine disease and infertility are discussed in the context of tissue injury and repair processes and the role of computational modeling in uncovering etiologies of disease. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2017, 9:e1388. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1388 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M Myers
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Elad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Souza GR, Tseng H, Gage JA, Mani A, Desai P, Leonard F, Liao A, Longo M, Refuerzo JS, Godin B. Magnetically Bioprinted Human Myometrial 3D Cell Rings as A Model for Uterine Contractility. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040683. [PMID: 28333087 PMCID: PMC5412269 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulation in uterine contractility can cause common pathological disorders of the female reproductive system, including preterm labor, infertility, inappropriate implantation, and irregular menstrual cycle. A better understanding of human myometrium contractility is essential to designing and testing interventions for these important clinical problems. Robust studies on the physiology of human uterine contractions require in vitro models, utilizing a human source. Importantly, uterine contractility is a three-dimensionally (3D)-coordinated phenomenon and should be studied in a 3D environment. Here, we propose and assess for the first time a 3D in vitro model for the evaluation of human uterine contractility. Magnetic 3D bioprinting is applied to pattern human myometrium cells into rings, which are then monitored for contractility over time and as a function of various clinically relevant agents. Commercially available and patient-derived myometrium cells were magnetically bioprinted into rings in 384-well formats for throughput uterine contractility analysis. The bioprinted uterine rings from various cell origins and patients show different patterns of contractility and respond differently to clinically relevant uterine contractility inhibitors, indomethacin and nifedipine. We believe that the novel system will serve as a useful tool to evaluate the physiology of human parturition while enabling high-throughput testing of multiple agents and conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jacob A Gage
- Nano3D Biosciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Arunmani Mani
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | | | - Fransisca Leonard
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | | | - Monica Longo
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Jerrie S Refuerzo
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Biana Godin
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Hajagos-Tóth J, Bóta J, Ducza E, Samavati R, Borsodi A, Benyhe S, Gáspár R. The effects of progesterone on the alpha2-adrenergic receptor subtypes in late-pregnant uterine contractions in vitro. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2016; 14:33. [PMID: 27301276 PMCID: PMC4908715 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-016-0166-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adrenergic system and progesterone play major roles in the control of the uterine function. Our aims were to clarify the changes in function and expression of the α2-adrenergic receptor (AR) subtypes after progesterone pretreatment in late pregnancy. METHODS Sprague Dawley rats from pregnancy day 15 were treated with progesterone for 7 days. The myometrial expressions of the α2-AR subtypes were determined by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. In vitro contractions were stimulated with (-)-noradrenaline, and its effect was modified with the selective antagonists BRL 44408 (α2A), ARC 239 (α2B/C) and spiroxatrine (α2A). The accumulation of myometrial cAMP was also measured. The activated G-protein level was investigated via GTPγS binding assays. RESULTS Progesterone pretreatment decreased the contractile effect of (-)-noradrenaline through the α2-ARs. The most significant reduction was found through the α2B-ARs. The mRNA of all of the α2-AR subtypes was increased. Progesterone pretreatment increased the myometrial cAMP level in the presence of BRL 44408 (p < 0.001), spiroxatrine (p < 0.001) or the spiroxatrine + BRL 44408 combination (p < 0.05). Progesterone pretreatment increased the G-protein-activating effect of (-)-noradrenaline in the presence of the spiroxatrine + BRL 44408 combination. CONCLUSIONS The expression of the α2-AR subtypes is progesterone-sensitive. It decreases the contractile response of (-)-noradrenaline through the α2B-AR subtype, blocks the function of α2A-AR subtype and alters the G protein coupling of these receptors, promoting a Gs-dependent pathway. A combination of α2C-AR agonists and α2B-AR antagonists with progesterone could be considered for the treatment or prevention of preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Hajagos-Tóth
- />Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, H-6701 P.O. Box 121, Hungary
| | - Judit Bóta
- />Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, H-6701 P.O. Box 121, Hungary
| | - Eszter Ducza
- />Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, H-6701 P.O. Box 121, Hungary
| | - Reza Samavati
- />Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvari krt 62, Szeged, H-6726 Hungary
| | - Anna Borsodi
- />Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvari krt 62, Szeged, H-6726 Hungary
| | - Sándor Benyhe
- />Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvari krt 62, Szeged, H-6726 Hungary
| | - Róbert Gáspár
- />Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, H-6701 P.O. Box 121, Hungary
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Hong SH, Kyeong KS, Kim CH, Kim YC, Choi W, Yoo RY, Kim HS, Park YJ, Ji IW, Jeong EH, Kim HS, Xu WX, Lee SJ. Regulation of myometrial contraction by ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel via activation of SUR2B and Kir 6.2 in mouse. J Vet Med Sci 2016; 78:1153-9. [PMID: 27086859 PMCID: PMC4976271 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.15-0700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels are well characterized in cardiac,
pancreatic and many other muscle cells. In the present study, functional expression of the
KATP channel was examined in non-pregnant murine longitudinal myometrium.
Isometric contraction measurements and Western blot were used. KATP channel
openers (KCOs), such as pinacidil, cromakalim, diazoxide and nicorandil, inhibited
spontaneous myometrial contractions in a reversible and glibenclamide-sensitive manner.
KCOs inhibited oxytocin (OXT)- and prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α)-induced
phasic contractions in a glibenclamide-sensitive manner. SUR2B and Kir6.2 were detected by
Western blot, whereas SUR1, SUR2A and Kir6.1 were not. These results show that pinacidl,
cromakalim, diazoxide and nicorandil-sensitive KATP channels exist in murine
myometrium, which are composed of SUR2B and Kir6.2. Based on the modulatory effects of the
KATP channel on spontaneous contraction, OXT- and PGF2α-induced
contractions, KATP channels seem to play an essential role in murine myometrial
motility via activation of SUR2B and Kir6.2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hwa Hong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chungbuk National University (CBNU), Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Korea
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Marshall JM. Major advances in physiology: celebrating a centenary of contributions by women. Introduction. Exp Physiol 2015; 100:1389-91. [PMID: 26634984 DOI: 10.1113/ep085553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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