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Briançon-Marjollet A, Netchitaïlo M, Fabre F, Belaidi E, Arnaud C, Borel AL, Levy P, Pépin JL, Tamisier R. Intermittent hypoxia increases lipid insulin resistance in healthy humans: A randomized crossover trial. J Sleep Res 2024:e14243. [PMID: 38866393 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.14243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Sympathetic overactivity caused by chronic intermittent hypoxia is a hallmark of obstructive sleep apnea. A high sympathetic tone elicits increases in plasma free fatty acid and insulin. Our objective was to assess the impact of 14 nights of chronic intermittent hypoxia exposure on sympathetic activity, glucose control, lipid profile and subcutaneous fat tissue remodelling in non-obese healthy humans. In this prospective, double-blinded crossover study, 12 healthy subjects were randomized, among them only nine underwent the two phases of exposures of 14 nights chronic intermittent hypoxia versus air. Sympathetic activity was measured by peroneal microneurography (muscle sympathetic nerve activity) before and after each exposure. Fasting glucose, insulin, C-peptide and free fatty acid were assessed at rest and during a multisampling oral glucose tolerance test. We assessed histological remodelling, adrenergic receptors, lipolysis and lipogenesis genes expression and functional changes of the adipose tissue. Two weeks of exposure of chronic intermittent hypoxia versus ambient air significantly increased sympathetic activity (p = 0.04). Muscle sympathetic nerve activity increased from 24.5 [18.9; 26.8] before to 21.7 [13.8; 25.7] after ambient air exposure, and from 20.6 [17.4; 23.9] before to 28.0 [24.4; 31.5] bursts per min after exposure to chronic intermittent hypoxia. After chronic intermittent hypoxia, post-oral glucose tolerance test circulating free fatty acid area under the curve increased (p = 0.05) and free fatty acid sensitivity to insulin decreased (p = 0.028). In adipocyte tissue, intermittent hypoxia increased expression of lipolysis genes (adipocyte triglyceride lipase and hormone-sensitive lipase) and lipogenesis genes (fatty acid synthase; p < 0.05). In this unique experimental setting in healthy humans, chronic intermittent hypoxia induced high sympathetic tone, lipolysis and decreased free fatty acid sensitivity to insulin. This might participate in the trajectory to systemic insulin resistance and diabetes for patients with obstructive sleep apnea.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie Netchitaïlo
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, HP2; Inserm U1300, Grenoble, France
- Service de physiologie respiratoire et de l'exercice, CHU Rouen Normandie, Rouen, France
| | - Fanny Fabre
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, HP2; Inserm U1300, Grenoble, France
- Service anesthésie, Centre Hospitalier de Mayotte (Pôle BACS), Mamoudzou, France
| | - Elise Belaidi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, HP2; Inserm U1300, Grenoble, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie thérapeutique UMR5305, Lyon, France
| | - Claire Arnaud
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, HP2; Inserm U1300, Grenoble, France
| | - Anne-Laure Borel
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, HP2; Inserm U1300, Grenoble, France
- CHU Grenoble Alpes, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nutrition, Grenoble, France
| | - Patrick Levy
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, HP2; Inserm U1300, Grenoble, France
- CHU Grenoble Alpes, Clinique Universitaire de Pneumologie et Physiologie, Pole Thorax et Vaisseaux, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Louis Pépin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, HP2; Inserm U1300, Grenoble, France
- CHU Grenoble Alpes, Clinique Universitaire de Pneumologie et Physiologie, Pole Thorax et Vaisseaux, Grenoble, France
| | - Renaud Tamisier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, HP2; Inserm U1300, Grenoble, France
- CHU Grenoble Alpes, Clinique Universitaire de Pneumologie et Physiologie, Pole Thorax et Vaisseaux, Grenoble, France
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Bu LF, Xiong CY, Zhong JY, Xiong Y, Li DM, Hong FF, Yang SL. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and sleep disorders. World J Hepatol 2024; 16:304-315. [PMID: 38577533 PMCID: PMC10989311 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v16.i3.304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) may be associated with sleep disorders. In order to explore the explicit relationship between the two, we systematically reviewed the effects of sleep disorders, especially obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), on the incidence of NAFLD, and analyzed the possible mechanisms after adjusting for confounding factors. NAFLD is independently associated with sleep disorders. Different sleep disorders may be the cause of the onset and aggravation of NAFLD. An excessive or insufficient sleep duration, poor sleep quality, insomnia, sleep-wake disorders, and OSA may increase the incidence of NAFLD. Despite that some research suggests a unidirectional causal link between the two, specifically, the onset of NAFLD is identified as a result of changes in sleep characteristics, and the reverse relationship does not hold true. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of specific research elucidating the reasons behind the higher risk of developing sleep disorders in individuals with NAFLD. Further research is needed to establish a clear relationship between NAFLD and sleep disorders. This will lay the groundwork for earlier identification of potential patients, which is crucial for earlier monitoring, diagnosis, effective prevention, and treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Fang Bu
- Department of Physiology, Fuzhou Medical College, Nanchang University, Fuzhou 344000, Jiangxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Diseases, Fuzhou Medical University, Fuzhou 344000, Jiangxi Province, China
- Technology Innovation Center of Chronic Disease Research in Fuzhou City, Fuzhou Science and Technology Bureau, Fuzhou 344000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Chong-Yu Xiong
- Department of Physiology, Fuzhou Medical College, Nanchang University, Fuzhou 344000, Jiangxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Diseases, Fuzhou Medical University, Fuzhou 344000, Jiangxi Province, China
- Technology Innovation Center of Chronic Disease Research in Fuzhou City, Fuzhou Science and Technology Bureau, Fuzhou 344000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jie-Yi Zhong
- Department of Physiology, Fuzhou Medical College, Nanchang University, Fuzhou 344000, Jiangxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Diseases, Fuzhou Medical University, Fuzhou 344000, Jiangxi Province, China
- Technology Innovation Center of Chronic Disease Research in Fuzhou City, Fuzhou Science and Technology Bureau, Fuzhou 344000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Department of Physiology, Fuzhou Medical College, Nanchang University, Fuzhou 344000, Jiangxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Diseases, Fuzhou Medical University, Fuzhou 344000, Jiangxi Province, China
- Technology Innovation Center of Chronic Disease Research in Fuzhou City, Fuzhou Science and Technology Bureau, Fuzhou 344000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Dong-Ming Li
- Department of Physiology, Fuzhou Medical College, Nanchang University, Fuzhou 344000, Jiangxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Diseases, Fuzhou Medical University, Fuzhou 344000, Jiangxi Province, China
- Technology Innovation Center of Chronic Disease Research in Fuzhou City, Fuzhou Science and Technology Bureau, Fuzhou 344000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Fen-Fang Hong
- Experimental Center of Pathogen Biology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Shu-Long Yang
- Department of Physiology, Fuzhou Medical College, Nanchang University, Fuzhou 344000, Jiangxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Diseases, Fuzhou Medical University, Fuzhou 344000, Jiangxi Province, China
- Technology Innovation Center of Chronic Disease Research in Fuzhou City, Fuzhou Science and Technology Bureau, Fuzhou 344000, Jiangxi Province, China.
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Hazlehurst JM, Lim TR, Charlton C, Miller JJ, Gathercole LL, Cornfield T, Nikolaou N, Harris SE, Moolla A, Othonos N, Heather LC, Marjot T, Tyler DJ, Carr C, Hodson L, McKeating J, Tomlinson JW. Acute intermittent hypoxia drives hepatic de novo lipogenesis in humans and rodents. Metabol Open 2022; 14:100177. [PMID: 35313531 PMCID: PMC8933516 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2022.100177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver condition. It is tightly associated with an adverse metabolic phenotype (including obesity and type 2 diabetes) as well as with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) of which intermittent hypoxia is a critical component. Hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) is a significant contributor to hepatic lipid content and the pathogenesis of NAFLD and has been proposed as a key pathway to target in the development of pharmacotherapies to treat NAFLD. Our aim is to use experimental models to investigate the impact of hypoxia on hepatic lipid metabolism independent of obesity and metabolic disease. Methods Human and rodent studies incorporating stable isotopes and hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp studies were performed to assess the regulation of DNL and broader metabolic phenotype by intermittent hypoxia. Cell-based studies, including pharmacological and genetic manipulation of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF), were used to examine the underlying mechanisms. Results Hepatic DNL increased in response to acute intermittent hypoxia in humans, without alteration in glucose production or disposal. These observations were endorsed in a prolonged model of intermittent hypoxia in rodents using stable isotopic assessment of lipid metabolism. Changes in DNL were paralleled by increases in hepatic gene expression of acetyl CoA carboxylase 1 and fatty acid synthase. In human hepatoma cell lines, hypoxia increased both DNL and fatty acid uptake through HIF-1α and -2α dependent mechanisms. Conclusions These studies provide robust evidence linking intermittent hypoxia and the regulation of DNL in both acute and sustained in vivo models of intermittent hypoxia, providing an important mechanistic link between hypoxia and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M. Hazlehurst
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Teegan Reina Lim
- Department of Gastro & Hepatology, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, 544894, Singapore
| | - Catriona Charlton
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Jack J. Miller
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, OX1 3PUT, Oxford, UK
| | - Laura L. Gathercole
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Thomas Cornfield
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Nikolaos Nikolaou
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Shelley E. Harris
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Ahmad Moolla
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Nantia Othonos
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Lisa C. Heather
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Thomas Marjot
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Damian J. Tyler
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Carolyn Carr
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Leanne Hodson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Jane McKeating
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Jeremy W. Tomlinson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
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Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by upper airway collapse during sleep. Chronic intermittent hypoxia, sleep fragmentation, and inflammatory activation are the main pathophysiological mechanisms of OSA. OSA is highly prevalent in obese patients and may contribute to cardiometabolic risk by exerting detrimental effects on adipose tissue metabolism and potentiating the adipose tissue dysfunction typically found in obesity. This chapter will provide an update on: (a) the epidemiological studies linking obesity and OSA; (b) the studies exploring the effects of intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation on the adipose tissue; (c) the effects of OSA treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on metabolic derangements; and (d) current research on new anti-diabetic drugs that could be useful in the treatment of obese OSA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria R Bonsignore
- Sleep Disordered Breathing and Chronic Respiratory Failure Clinic, PROMISE Department, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy.
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Martins FO, Conde SV. Gender Differences in the Context of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Metabolic Diseases. Front Physiol 2022; 12:792633. [PMID: 34970158 PMCID: PMC8712658 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.792633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and endocrine and metabolic disease is unequivocal. OSA, which is characterized by intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation, leads to and exacerbates obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes (T2D) as well as endocrine disturbances, such as hypothyroidism and Cushing syndrome, among others. However, this relationship is bidirectional with endocrine and metabolic diseases being considered major risk factors for the development of OSA. For example, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), one of the most common endocrine disorders in women of reproductive age, is significantly associated with OSA in adult patients. Several factors have been postulated to contribute to or be critical in the genesis of dysmetabolic states in OSA including the increase in sympathetic activation, the deregulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary axis, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), insulin resistance, alteration in adipokines levels, and inflammation of the adipose tissue. However, probably the alterations in the hypothalamus-pituitary axis and the altered secretion of hormones from the peripheral endocrine glands could play a major role in the gender differences in the link between OSA-dysmetabolism. In fact, normal sleep is also different between men and women due to the physiologic differences between genders, with sex hormones such as progesterone, androgens, and estrogens, being also connected with breathing pathologies. Moreover, it is very well known that OSA is more prevalent among men than women, however the prevalence in women increases after menopause. At the same time, the step-rise in obesity and its comorbidities goes along with mounting evidence of clinically important sex and gender differences. Metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, seen as a men's illness for decades, presently are more common in women than in men and obesity has a higher association with insulin-resistance-related risk factors in women than in men. In this way, in the present manuscript, we will review the major findings on the overall mechanisms that connect OSA and dysmetabolism giving special attention to the specific regulation of this relationship in each gender. We will also detail the gender-specific effects of hormone replacement therapies on metabolic control and sleep apnea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima O Martins
- Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sílvia V Conde
- Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Uchiyama T, Ota H, Ohbayashi C, Takasawa S. Effects of Intermittent Hypoxia on Cytokine Expression Involved in Insulin Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12898. [PMID: 34884703 PMCID: PMC8657675 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) is a prevalent disorder characterized by recurrent apnea or hypoxia episodes leading to intermittent hypoxia (IH) and arousals during sleep. Currently, the relationship between SAS and metabolic diseases is being actively analyzed, and SAS is considered to be an independent risk factor for the development and progression of insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Accumulating evidence suggests that the short cycles of decreased oxygen saturation and rapid reoxygenation, a typical feature of SAS, contribute to the development of glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. In addition to IH, several pathological conditions may also contribute to insulin resistance, including sympathetic nervous system hyperactivity, oxidative stress, vascular endothelial dysfunction, and the activation of inflammatory cytokines. However, the detailed mechanism by which IH induces insulin resistance in SAS patients has not been fully revealed. We have previously reported that IH stress may exacerbate insulin resistance/T2DM, especially in hepatocytes, adipocytes, and skeletal muscle cells, by causing abnormal cytokine expression/secretion from each cell. Adipose tissues, skeletal muscle, and the liver are the main endocrine organs producing hepatokines, adipokines, and myokines, respectively. In this review, we focus on the effect of IH on hepatokine, adipokine, and myokine expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Uchiyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan;
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8522, Japan;
| | - Hiroyo Ota
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8522, Japan;
| | - Chiho Ohbayashi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8522, Japan;
| | - Shin Takasawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan;
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Zhang L, Ye K, Xiaokereti J, Ma M, Guo Y, Zhou X, Tang B. Histopathological substrate of the atrial myocardium in the progression of obstructive sleep apnoea-related atrial fibrillation. Sleep Breath 2021; 25:807-818. [PMID: 33411188 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-020-02128-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is closely related to atrial fibrillation (AF), and OSA-induced atrial structural remodelling is the basis of AF maintenance. However, the process of atrial structural remodelling during the progression of acute OSA to chronic OSA is still unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate changes in the atrial myocardium in acute sleep apnoea (6 h) and chronic sleep apnoea (12 weeks) by echocardiography, atrial myocardium morphology analysis, PAS staining, TUNEL staining, Masson's trichrome staining and analyses of ultrastructural changes. METHODS Eighteen adult beagle dogs under general anaesthesia were used to establish an OSA model. The animals were divided into the control group, acute OSA group and chronic OSA group, and there were six animals in each group. Cardiac ultrasounds of dogs from the three groups were examined. Left and right atrial muscle tissues were taken for HE staining, PAS staining, TUNEL staining, Masson's trichrome staining and transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS In the acute OSA model, the left atrial diameter of the dogs began to increase 3 h after ventilation, and this difference was more obvious at 6 h. The morphology of the myocardial cells did not change significantly, but mitochondrial swelling was observed in some atrial myocytes at 3 h. In the chronic OSA model, the left atrial diameter gradually increased, the volume of the right and left atria increased, the glycogen and collagen volume fractions and apoptosis ratio were significantly increased in atrial myocytes, mitochondria swelling and lengthening occurred in some atrial myocytes, the matrix became lighter, the mitochondrial ridge density decreased and the myofilament arrangement was disordered. The disc was distorted and not continuous, and there was some cardiomyocyte necrosis. CONCLUSION With the prolongation of apnoea, the atrium gradually enlarges, myocardial cells become disordered, glycogen aggregates, the number of necrotic cells increases, fibrosis worsens, mitochondrial abnormalities occur and the arrangement of the discs are disordered, providing a basis for the maintenance of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Cardiac Remodeling, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Kun Ye
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Cardiac Remodeling, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.,Cardiac Pacing and Physiological Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jiasuoer Xiaokereti
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Cardiac Remodeling, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.,Cardiac Pacing and Physiological Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, Xinjiang, China
| | - Mei Ma
- Teaching Management Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yankai Guo
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Cardiac Remodeling, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.,Cardiac Pacing and Physiological Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xianhui Zhou
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Cardiac Remodeling, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.,Cardiac Pacing and Physiological Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, Xinjiang, China
| | - Baopeng Tang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Cardiac Remodeling, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China. .,Cardiac Pacing and Physiological Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, Xinjiang, China.
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Ozaki Y, Morozumi T, Watanabe K, Toyama T, Sasaki H, Sato T, Yamamoto Y, To M, Inaba K, Tsukinoki K, Hamada N, Minabe M. Inhibitory effect of omega-3 fatty acids on alveolar bone resorption and osteoclast differentiation. J Oral Sci 2020; 62:298-302. [PMID: 32581177 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.19-0267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g.)-infected mouse periodontitis model was used to investigate the effect of omega-3 fatty acid intake on differentiation and maturation of cultured osteoclast. Four-week-old C57BL/6JJcl mice were divided into four groups according to the diets they were fed from the beginning of the experiment (i.e., food containing omega-3 or omega-6 fatty acids) and whether they were orally administered P.g. Thirty-three days after beginning the experiment, bone marrow cells were sampled from the femoral bone of mice from each group and differentiated into osteoclasts; the effects of the ingestion of different fatty acids were subsequently investigated. There was no statistical interaction between the different fatty acids and P.g. infection on the number of osteoclasts (P = 0.6). However, the fatty acid type affected the number of osteoclasts in mice (P = 0.0013), with the omega-3 groups demonstrating lower osteoclast numbers than the omega-6 groups. Furthermore, the addition of resolvin E1 (RvE1), which is an omega-3 fatty acid-derived lipid mediator, suppressed the differentiation of mouse cultured osteoclasts (P < 0.0001). Therefore, the ingestion of omega-3 fatty acids may suppress osteoclast differentiation while inhibiting bone resorption and tissue destruction due to periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ozaki
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Interdisciplinary Medicine, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University
| | - Toshiya Morozumi
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Interdisciplinary Medicine, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University
| | - Kiyoko Watanabe
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University
| | - Toshizo Toyama
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University
| | - Haruka Sasaki
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University
| | - Takenori Sato
- Division of Oral Biochemistry, Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University
| | - Yuko Yamamoto
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Kanagawa Dental University Junior College
| | - Masahiro To
- Division of Dental Anatomy, Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University
| | - Keitaro Inaba
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University
| | - Keiichi Tsukinoki
- Division of Environmental Pathology, Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University
| | - Nobushiro Hamada
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University
| | - Masato Minabe
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Interdisciplinary Medicine, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University
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9
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Extracellular vesicles derived from fat-laden hepatocytes undergoing chemical hypoxia promote a pro-fibrotic phenotype in hepatic stellate cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165857. [PMID: 32512191 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transition from steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a key issue in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Observations in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) suggest that hypoxia contributes to progression to NASH and liver fibrosis, and the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) by injured hepatocytes has been implicated in NAFLD progression. AIM To evaluate the effects of hypoxia on hepatic pro-fibrotic response and EV release in experimental NAFLD and to assess cellular crosstalk between hepatocytes and human hepatic stellate cells (LX-2). METHODS HepG2 cells were treated with fatty acids and subjected to chemically induced hypoxia using the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) stabilizer cobalt chloride (CoCl2). Lipid droplets, oxidative stress, apoptosis and pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic-associated genes were assessed. EVs were isolated by ultracentrifugation. LX-2 cells were treated with EVs from hepatocytes. The CDAA-fed mouse model was used to assess the effects of intermittent hypoxia (IH) in experimental NASH. RESULTS Chemical hypoxia increased steatosis, oxidative stress, apoptosis and pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic gene expressions in fat-laden HepG2 cells. Chemical hypoxia also increased the release of EVs from HepG2 cells. Treatment of LX2 cells with EVs from fat-laden HepG2 cells undergoing chemical hypoxia increased expression pro-fibrotic markers. CDAA-fed animals exposed to IH exhibited increased portal inflammation and fibrosis that correlated with an increase in circulating EVs. CONCLUSION Chemical hypoxia promotes hepatocellular damage and pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic signaling in steatotic hepatocytes both in vitro and in vivo. EVs from fat-laden hepatocytes undergoing chemical hypoxia evoke pro-fibrotic responses in LX-2 cells.
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Hernández A, Geng Y, Sepúlveda R, Solís N, Torres J, Arab JP, Barrera F, Cabrera D, Moshage H, Arrese M. Chemical hypoxia induces pro-inflammatory signals in fat-laden hepatocytes and contributes to cellular crosstalk with Kupffer cells through extracellular vesicles. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165753. [PMID: 32126269 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is associated to intermittent hypoxia (IH) and is an aggravating factor of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We investigated the effects of hypoxia in both in vitro and in vivo models of NAFLD. METHODS Primary rat hepatocytes treated with free fatty acids (FFA) were subjected to chemically induced hypoxia (CH) using the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) stabilizer cobalt chloride (CoCl2). Triglyceride (TG) content, mitochondrial superoxide production, cell death rates, cytokine and inflammasome components gene expression and protein levels of cleaved caspase-1 were assessed. Also, Kupffer cells (KC) were treated with conditioned medium (CM) and extracellular vehicles (EVs) from hypoxic fat-laden hepatic cells. The choline deficient L-amino acid defined (CDAA)-feeding model used to assess the effects of IH on experimental NAFLD in vivo. RESULTS Hypoxia induced HIF-1α in cells and animals. Hepatocytes exposed to FFA and CoCl2 exhibited increased TG content and higher cell death rates as well as increased mitochondrial superoxide production and mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and of inflammasome-components interleukin-1β, NLRP3 and ASC. Protein levels of cleaved caspase-1 increased in CH-exposed hepatocytes. CM and EVs from hypoxic fat-laden hepatic cells evoked a pro-inflammatory phenotype in KC. Livers from CDAA-fed mice exposed to IH exhibited increased mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory and inflammasome genes and increased levels of cleaved caspase-1. CONCLUSION Hypoxia promotes inflammatory signals including inflammasome/caspase-1 activation in fat-laden hepatocytes and contributes to cellular crosstalk with KC by release of EVs. These mechanisms may underlie the aggravating effect of OSAS on NAFLD. [Abstract word count: 257].
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Hernández
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Patología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yana Geng
- Departamento de Patología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rolando Sepúlveda
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nancy Solís
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javiera Torres
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Juan Pablo Arab
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Barrera
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel Cabrera
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Bernardo O Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Han Moshage
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marco Arrese
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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11
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Pierard M, Tassin A, Conotte S, Zouaoui Boudjeltia K, Legrand A. Sustained Intermittent Hypoxemia Induces Adiponectin Oligomers Redistribution and a Tissue-Specific Modulation of Adiponectin Receptor in Mice. Front Physiol 2019; 10:68. [PMID: 30800074 PMCID: PMC6376175 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Hypoxemia is a critical component of several respiratory diseases and is known to be involved in the processes underlying co-morbidities associated to such disorders, notably at the cardiovascular level. Circulating level of Adiponectin (Ad), known as a metabolic regulator and cardio-protective hormone was previously suggested to be reduced by hypoxia but consequences of such variation are unclear. The evaluation of the specific effect of hypoxemia on Ad forms and receptors could improve the understanding of the involvement of Ad axis in hypoxemia-related diseases. Methods: Ad-pathway components were investigated in a murine model of sustained intermittent hypoxemia (FiO2 10%, 8 h/day, 35 days). Results: Sustained intermittent hypoxemia (SIH) induced a redistribution of Ad multimers in favor of HMW forms, without change in total plasmatic level. Mice submitted to hypoxia also exhibited tissue-specific modification of adiporeceptor (AdipoR) protein level without mRNA expression change. A decreased AdipoR2 abundance was observed in skeletal muscle and heart whereas AdipoR1 level was only reduced in muscle. No change was observed in liver regarding AdipoR. Lipid profile was unchanged but glucose tolerance increased in hypoxemic mice. Conclusion: Sustained intermittent hypoxemia, per se, modify Ad oligomerization state as well as AdipoR protein abundance in a tissue-specific way. That suggests alteration in Ad-dependant pathways in pathological conditions associated to SIH. Investigation of Ad-pathway components could therefore constitute useful complementary criteria for the clustering of patients with hypoxemia-related diseases and management of co-morbidities, as well as to develop new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélany Pierard
- Laboratory of Respiratory Physiology, Pathophysiology and Rehabilitation, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Alexandra Tassin
- Laboratory of Respiratory Physiology, Pathophysiology and Rehabilitation, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Stéphanie Conotte
- Laboratory of Respiratory Physiology, Pathophysiology and Rehabilitation, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Karim Zouaoui Boudjeltia
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB 222), Medicine Faculty, CHU de Charleroi, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alexandre Legrand
- Laboratory of Respiratory Physiology, Pathophysiology and Rehabilitation, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
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12
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Morales-Cano D, Callejo M, Barreira B, Mondejar-Parreño G, Esquivel-Ruiz S, Ramos S, Martín MÁ, Cogolludo A, Moreno L, Perez-Vizcaino F. Elevated pulmonary arterial pressure in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211281. [PMID: 30689673 PMCID: PMC6349336 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a very strong predictor of chronic systemic vascular diseases and acute cardiovascular events. Recently, associations between metabolic disorders and pulmonary hypertension have also been reported in both humans and animal models. In order to get some further insight into the relationship of pulmonary hypertension with obesity, insulin resistance and hyperglycemia, herein we have used the Zucker diabetic fatty rats (ZDF/clr-lepr fa) at 20 weeks fed a standard diet and compared to their lean Zucker littermates (ZL). ZDF rats were obese, had elevated plasma glucose levels and insulin resistance, i.e. a clinically relevant model of type 2 diabetes. They presented elevated systolic, diastolic and mean pulmonary arterial pressures and a parallel increase in the Fulton index. Systemic arterial pressures were also increased but the left ventricle plus septum weight was similar in both groups and the heart rate was reduced. Wall media thickening was observed in the small pulmonary arteries from the ZDF rats. Isolated pulmonary arteries mounted in a wire myograph showed similar vasoconstrictor responses to phenylephrine and 5-HT and similar responses to the endothelium-dependent vasodilator acetylcholine. However, the iNOS inhibitor 1400W enhanced the vasoconstrictor responses in ZDF but not in ZL rats. The protein expression of eNOS and iNOS was not significantly different in the lungs of the two groups. The lung expression of Bmpr2 mRNA was downregulated. However, the mRNA expression of Kcna5, Kcnk3, Kcnq1, Kcnq4 or Kcnq5, which encode for the potassium channels Kv1.5, TASK-1, Kv7.1, Kv7.4 and Kv7.5, respectively, was similar in ZL and ZDF rats. In conclusion, ZDF rats show increased pulmonary arterial pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy, pulmonary arterial medial thickening and downregulated lung Bmpr2 despite leptin resistance. These changes were mild but are consistent with the view that diabetes is a risk factor for pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Morales-Cano
- Departament of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Callejo
- Departament of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Bianca Barreira
- Departament of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Mondejar-Parreño
- Departament of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Esquivel-Ruiz
- Departament of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Ramos
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Martín
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Ciber de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Cogolludo
- Departament of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Moreno
- Departament of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Perez-Vizcaino
- Departament of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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13
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Snyder B, Duong P, Tenkorang M, Wilson EN, Cunningham RL. Rat Strain and Housing Conditions Alter Oxidative Stress and Hormone Responses to Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1554. [PMID: 30459637 PMCID: PMC6232418 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep apnea has been associated with elevated risk for metabolic, cognitive, and cardiovascular disorders. Further, the role of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) activation in sleep apnea has been controversial in human studies. Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) is a rodent model, which mimics the hypoxemia experienced by patients with sleep apnea. Most studies of CIH in rats have been conducted in the Sprague Dawley rat strain. Previously published literature suggests different strains of rats exhibit various responses to disease models, and these effects can be further modulated by the housing conditions experienced by each strain. This variability in response is similar to what has been observed in clinical populations, especially with respect to the HPA system. To investigate if strain or housing (individual or pair-housed) can affect the results of CIH (AHI 8 or 10) treatment, we exposed individual and pair-housed Sprague Dawley and Long-Evans male rats to 7 days of CIH treatment. This was followed by biochemical analysis of circulating hormones, oxidative stress, and neurodegenerative markers. Both strain and housing conditions altered oxidative stress generation, hyperphosphorylated tau protein (tau tangles), circulating corticosterone and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and weight metrics. Specifically, pair-housed Long-Evans rats were the most sensitive to CIH, which showed a significant association between oxidative stress generation and HPA activation under conditions of AHI of 8. These results suggest both strain and housing conditions can affect the outcomes of CIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brina Snyder
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Phong Duong
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Mavis Tenkorang
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - E Nicole Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Rebecca L Cunningham
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
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14
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Wang H, Wang Y, Xia T, Liu Y, Liu T, Shi X, Li Y. Pathogenesis of Abnormal Hepatic Lipid Metabolism Induced by Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia in Rats and the Therapeutic Effect of N-Acetylcysteine. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:4583-4591. [PMID: 29968701 PMCID: PMC6060689 DOI: 10.12659/msm.907228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH)-induced abnormal hepatic lipid metabolism in rats remains unclear. Here, we investigated the therapeutic effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on abnormal hepatic lipid metabolism. MATERIAL AND METHODS Rats were subjected to hypoxia and NAC treatment, and evaluated in terms of hepatic lipid metabolism, hepatocyte ultrastructure, oxidative stress in hepatocytes, expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα), serum lipoprotein lipase (LPL) levels, and blood lipids (triglycerides and cholesterol). RESULTS Compared to the normoxic control group, animals in the hypoxic model group showed significant body weight gain; abnormal hepatic lipid metabolism; lipid vacuolization; accumulation of lipid droplets; abundant autophagosomes and lysosomes; significant increases in oxidative stress, inflammation level, and blood lipid levels; and significantly reduced LPL levels. Compared to control animals, rats in the treatment group exhibited normal body weight gain, improved lipid metabolism, fewer lipid droplets, alleviated ultrastructural injuries, decreased oxidative stress and inflammation level, as well as elevated LPL and reduced blood lipid levels. CONCLUSIONS The harmful effects of CIH on rat liver are possibly associated with the reactive oxygen species (ROS)/NF-κB signaling pathway. NAC is capable of attenuating lipid metabolism alterations and abnormal body weight gain in the CIH rat model, via a possible mechanism related to inhibition of ROS/NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland).,Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology of Health Ministry, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland).,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zibo City Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland).,Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology of Health Ministry, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Tongliang Xia
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland).,Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology of Health Ministry, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yaxuan Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland).,Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology of Health Ministry, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland).,Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology of Health Ministry, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaoli Shi
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland).,Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology of Health Ministry, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yanzhong Li
- Ololaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland).,Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology of Health Ministry, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
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15
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Freitas LS, Furlan SF, Drager LF. Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Metabolic Risk: an Update. CURRENT SLEEP MEDICINE REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40675-018-0118-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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16
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Snyder B, Cunningham RL. Sex differences in sleep apnea and comorbid neurodegenerative diseases. Steroids 2018; 133:28-33. [PMID: 29258810 PMCID: PMC5864541 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sleep apnea is a disorder, which increasingly affects people worldwide. Whether the associated hypoxic events during sleep are central or obstructive in origin, the end result is excessive daytime sleepiness and an increased risk for several comorbidities, such as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders. Sleep apnea is diagnosed more frequently in men than women, suggesting a role of sex hormones in the pathology of the disease. Furthermore, there are sex differences in the development and progression of comorbid diseases associated with sleep apnea. Therefore, treatment of sleep apnea may be clinically relevant for prevention of subsequent sex-specific comorbid disorders. While the impact sleep apnea has on cardiovascular events has been the subject of many research studies, the role of sleep apnea in neurodegeneration is less established. Here we review known risk factors for sleep apnea and the implications of the observed sex differences in this disease. We also summarize the evidence and mechanisms for how sleep apnea may contribute to the onset of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brina Snyder
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Rebecca L Cunningham
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States.
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17
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Leptin and Leptin Resistance in the Pathogenesis of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Possible Link to Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Complications. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:5137947. [PMID: 29675134 PMCID: PMC5841044 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5137947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Obesity-related sleep breathing disorders such as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) cause intermittent hypoxia (IH) during sleep, a powerful trigger of oxidative stress. Obesity also leads to dramatic increases in circulating levels of leptin, a hormone produced in adipose tissue. Leptin acts in the hypothalamus to suppress food intake and increase metabolic rate. However, obese individuals are resistant to metabolic effects of leptin. Leptin also activates the sympathetic nervous system without any evidence of resistance, possibly because these effects occur peripherally without a need to penetrate the blood-brain barrier. IH is a potent stimulator of leptin expression and release from adipose tissue. Hyperleptinemia and leptin resistance may upregulate generation of reactive oxygen species, increasing oxidative stress and promoting inflammation. The current review summarizes recent data on a possible link between leptin and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of sleep breathing disorders.
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18
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Hobbins L, Hunter S, Gaoua N, Girard O. Normobaric hypoxic conditioning to maximize weight loss and ameliorate cardio-metabolic health in obese populations: a systematic review. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2017; 313:R251-R264. [PMID: 28679682 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00160.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Normobaric hypoxic conditioning (HC) is defined as exposure to systemic and/or local hypoxia at rest (passive) or combined with exercise training (active). HC has been previously used by healthy and athletic populations to enhance their physical capacity and improve performance in the lead up to competition. Recently, HC has also been applied acutely (single exposure) and chronically (repeated exposure over several weeks) to overweight and obese populations with the intention of managing and potentially increasing cardio-metabolic health and weight loss. At present, it is unclear what the cardio-metabolic health and weight loss responses of obese populations are in response to passive and active HC. Exploration of potential benefits of exposure to both passive and active HC may provide pivotal findings for improving health and well being in these individuals. A systematic literature search for articles published between 2000 and 2017 was carried out. Studies investigating the effects of normobaric HC as a novel therapeutic approach to elicit improvements in the cardio-metabolic health and weight loss of obese populations were included. Studies investigated passive (n = 7; 5 animals, 2 humans), active (n = 4; all humans) and a combination of passive and active (n = 4; 3 animals, 1 human) HC to an inspired oxygen fraction ([Formula: see text]) between 4.8 and 15.0%, ranging between a single session and daily sessions per week, lasting from 5 days up to 8 mo. Passive HC led to reduced insulin concentrations (-37 to -22%) in obese animals and increased energy expenditure (+12 to +16%) in obese humans, whereas active HC lead to reductions in body weight (-4 to -2%) in obese animals and humans, and blood pressure (-8 to -3%) in obese humans compared with a matched workload in normoxic conditions. Inconclusive findings, however, exist in determining the impact of acute and chronic HC on markers such as triglycerides, cholesterol levels, and fitness capacity. Importantly, most of the studies that included animal models involved exposure to severe levels of hypoxia ([Formula: see text] = 5.0%; simulated altitude >10,000 m) that are not suitable for human populations. Overall, normobaric HC demonstrated observable positive findings in relation to insulin and energy expenditure (passive), and body weight and blood pressure (active), which may improve the cardio-metabolic health and body weight management of obese populations. However, further evidence on responses of circulating biomarkers to both passive and active HC in humans is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hobbins
- Sport and Exercise Science Research Centre, London South Bank University, London, United Kingdom;
| | - S Hunter
- Sport and Exercise Science Research Centre, London South Bank University, London, United Kingdom
| | - N Gaoua
- Sport and Exercise Science Research Centre, London South Bank University, London, United Kingdom
| | - O Girard
- Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar; and.,Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
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