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Lu W, Duan Y, Li K, Cheng Z, Qiu J. Metabolic interactions between organs in overweight and obesity using total-body positron emission tomography. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:94-102. [PMID: 37816863 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01394-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Overweight and obesity is a complex condition resulting from unbalanced energy homeostasis among various organs. However, systemic abnormalities in overweight and obese people are seldom explored in vivo by metabolic imaging techniques. The aim of this study was to determine metabolic abnormities throughout the body in overweight and obese adults using total-body positron emission tomography (PET) glucose uptake imaging. METHODS Thirty normal weight subjects [body mass index (BMI) < 25 kg/m2, 55.47 ± 13.94 years, 16 men and 14 women], and 26 overweight and obese subjects [BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, 52.38 ± 9.52 years, 21 men and 5 women] received whole-body 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET imaging using the uEXPLORER. Whole-body standardized uptake value normalized by lean body mass (SUL) images were calculated. Metabolic networks were constructed based on the whole-body SUL images using covariance network approach. Both group-level and individual-level network differences between normal weight and overweight/obese subjects were evaluated. Correlation analysis was conducted between network properties and BMI for the overweight/obese subjects. RESULTS Compared with normal weight subjects, overweight/obese subjects exhibited altered network connectivity strength in four network nodes, namely the pancreas (p = 0.033), spleen (p = 0.021), visceral adipose tissue (VAT) (p = 1.12 × 10-5) and bone (p = 0.021). Network deviations of overweight/obese subjects from the normal weight were positively correlated with BMI (r = 0.718, p = 3.64 × 10-5). In addition, overweight/obese subjects experienced altered connections between organs, and some of the altered connections, including pancreas-right lung and VAT-bilateral lung connections were significantly correlated with BMI. CONCLUSION Overweight/obese individuals exhibit metabolic alterations in organ level, and altered metabolic interactions at the systemic level. The proposed approach using total-body PET imaging can reveal individual metabolic variability and metabolic deviations between organs, which would open up a new path for understanding metabolic alterations in overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhao Lu
- School of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271016, China
| | - Yanhua Duan
- Department of PET-CT, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Kun Li
- Department of PET-CT, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Zhaoping Cheng
- Department of PET-CT, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Jianfeng Qiu
- School of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271016, China.
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2
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Sharma R, Diwan B. Lipids and the hallmarks of ageing: From pathology to interventions. Mech Ageing Dev 2023; 215:111858. [PMID: 37652278 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are critical structural and functional architects of cellular homeostasis. Change in systemic lipid profile is a clinical indicator of underlying metabolic pathologies, and emerging evidence is now defining novel roles of lipids in modulating organismal ageing. Characteristic alterations in lipid metabolism correlate with age, and impaired systemic lipid profile can also accelerate the development of ageing phenotype. The present work provides a comprehensive review of the extent of lipids as regulators of the modern hallmarks of ageing viz., cellular senescence, chronic inflammation, gut dysbiosis, telomere attrition, genome instability, proteostasis and autophagy, epigenetic alterations, and stem cells dysfunctions. Current evidence on the modulation of each of these hallmarks has been discussed with emphasis on inherent age-dependent deficiencies in lipid metabolism as well as exogenous lipid changes. There appears to be sufficient evidence to consider impaired lipid metabolism as key driver of the ageing process although much of knowledge is yet fragmented. Considering dietary lipids, the type and quantity of lipids in the diet is a significant, but often overlooked determinant that governs the effects of lipids on ageing. Further research using integrative approaches amidst the known aging hallmarks is highly desirable for understanding the therapeutics of lipids associated with ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Sharma
- Nutrigerontology Laboratory, Faculty of Applied Sciences & Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, India.
| | - Bhawna Diwan
- Nutrigerontology Laboratory, Faculty of Applied Sciences & Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, India
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3
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Rubin de Celis MF, Bonner-Weir S. Reversing and modulating cellular senescence in beta cells, a new field of opportunities to treat diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1217729. [PMID: 37822597 PMCID: PMC10562723 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1217729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes constitutes a world-wide pandemic that requires searching for new treatments to halt its progression. Cellular senescence of pancreatic beta cells has been described as a major contributor to development and worsening of diabetes. The concept of reversibility of cellular senescence is critical as is the timing to take actions against this "dormant" senescent state. The reversal of cellular senescence can be considered as rejuvenation of the specific cell if it returns to the original "healthy state" and doesn't behave aberrantly as seen in some cancer cells. In rodents, treatment with senolytics and senomorphics blunted or prevented disease progression, however their use carry drawbacks. Modulators of cellular senescence is a new area of research that seeks to reverse the senescence. More research in each of these modalities should lead to new treatments to stop diabetes development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria F. Rubin de Celis
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Susan Bonner-Weir
- Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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4
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Kassis A, Fichot MC, Horcajada MN, Horstman AMH, Duncan P, Bergonzelli G, Preitner N, Zimmermann D, Bosco N, Vidal K, Donato-Capel L. Nutritional and lifestyle management of the aging journey: A narrative review. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1087505. [PMID: 36761987 PMCID: PMC9903079 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1087505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
With age, the physiological responses to occasional or regular stressors from a broad range of functions tend to change and adjust at a different pace and restoring these functions in the normal healthy range becomes increasingly challenging. Even if this natural decline is somehow unavoidable, opportunities exist to slow down and attenuate the impact of advancing age on major physiological processes which, when weakened, constitute the hallmarks of aging. This narrative review revisits the current knowledge related to the aging process and its impact on key metabolic functions including immune, digestive, nervous, musculoskeletal, and cardiovascular functions; and revisits insights into the important biological targets that could inspire effective strategies to promote healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Kassis
- Whiteboard Nutrition Science, Beaconsfield, QC, Canada,Amira Kassis,
| | | | | | | | - Peter Duncan
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Nicolas Preitner
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Diane Zimmermann
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nabil Bosco
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Karine Vidal
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurence Donato-Capel
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland,*Correspondence: Laurence Donato-Capel,
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5
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Das D, Banerjee A, Bhattacharjee A, Mukherjee S, Maji BK. Dietary food additive monosodium glutamate with or without high-lipid diet induces spleen anomaly: A mechanistic approach on rat model. Open Life Sci 2022; 17:22-31. [PMID: 35128066 PMCID: PMC8802345 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Globally, the trend of using food additives and eating ready-made fast food has led to a deleterious impact on immune organs. Monosodium glutamate (MSG), as a food additive in a high-lipid diet (HLD), acts as a silent killer of immune cells. Hence, the present study aimed to evaluate the role of MSG in HLD on spleen injury in rats. Results showed that a 2.52-fold and 1.91-fold increase in spleen index in MSG and MSG + HLD group indicates splenomegaly, whereas a 1.36-fold and 1.29-fold increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines in MSG and MSG + HLD-fed rats, respectively, promote the inflammatory response. Additionally, MSG and MSG + HLD induce oxidative stress by 1.81-fold and 1.1-fold increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in macrophage population, and 1.38-fold and 1.36-fold increased generation of ROS in lymphocytes population, respectively. Furthermore, mitochondrial membrane potential was significantly reduced by 1.43-fold and 1.18-fold in MSG and MSG + HLD groups. Therefore, the current study argues that MSG has more detrimental effects on the spleen than MSG + HLD due to the presence of antioxidants in HLD, which suppresses the deleterious impact of MSG. Hence, it can be inferred that MSG induces spleen injury via targeting redox-guided cellular signaling with inflammatory response, leading to severe immune system anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasmita Das
- Department of Physiology (UG & PG), Serampore College , 9 William Carey Road , Serampore, Hooghly-712201 , West Bengal , India
| | - Arnab Banerjee
- Department of Physiology (UG & PG), Serampore College , 9 William Carey Road , Serampore, Hooghly-712201 , West Bengal , India
| | - Ankita Bhattacharjee
- Department of Physiology (UG & PG), Serampore College , 9 William Carey Road , Serampore, Hooghly-712201 , West Bengal , India
| | - Sandip Mukherjee
- Department of Physiology (UG & PG), Serampore College , 9 William Carey Road , Serampore, Hooghly-712201 , West Bengal , India
| | - Bithin Kumar Maji
- Department of Physiology (UG & PG), Serampore College , 9 William Carey Road , Serampore, Hooghly-712201 , West Bengal , India
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6
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Sharma R, Diwan B, Sharma A, Witkowski JM. Emerging cellular senescence-centric understanding of immunological aging and its potential modulation through dietary bioactive components. Biogerontology 2022; 23:699-729. [PMID: 36261747 PMCID: PMC9581456 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-022-09995-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Immunological aging is strongly associated with the observable deleterious effects of human aging. Our understanding of the causes, effects, and therapeutics of aging immune cells has long been considered within the sole purview of immunosenescence. However, it is being progressively realized that immunosenescence may not be the only determinant of immunological aging. The cellular senescence-centric theory of aging proposes a more fundamental and specific role of immune cells in regulating senescent cell (SC) burden in aging tissues that has augmented the notion of senescence immunotherapy. Now, in addition, several emerging studies are suggesting that cellular senescence itself may be prevalent in aging immune cells, and that senescent immune cells exhibiting characteristic markers of cellular senescence, similar to non-leucocyte cells, could be among the key drivers of various facets of physiological aging. The present review integrates the current knowledge related to immunosenescence and cellular senescence in immune cells per se, and aims at providing a cohesive overview of these two phenomena and their significance in immunity and aging. We present evidence and rationalize that understanding the extent and impact of cellular senescence in immune cells vis-à-vis immunosenescence is necessary for truly comprehending the notion of an 'aged immune cell'. In addition, we also discuss the emerging significance of dietary factors such as phytochemicals, probiotic bacteria, fatty acids, and micronutrients as possible modulators of immunosenescence and cellular senescence. Evidence and opportunities related to nutritional bioactive components and immunological aging have been deliberated to augment potential nutrition-oriented immunotherapy during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Sharma
- grid.430140.20000 0004 1799 5083Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173229 India
| | - Bhawna Diwan
- grid.430140.20000 0004 1799 5083Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173229 India
| | - Anamika Sharma
- grid.464631.20000 0004 1775 3615Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, 500037 India
| | - Jacek M. Witkowski
- grid.11451.300000 0001 0531 3426Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
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7
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Sharma R. Bioactive food components for managing cellular senescence in aging and disease: A critical appraisal and perspectives. PHARMANUTRITION 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2021.100281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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8
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Alarcon PC, Damen MS, Madan R, Deepe GS, Spearman P, Way SS, Divanovic S. Adipocyte inflammation and pathogenesis of viral pneumonias: an overlooked contribution. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:1224-1234. [PMID: 33958704 PMCID: PMC8100369 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00404-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence establishes obesity as an independent risk factor for increased susceptibility and severity to viral respiratory pneumonias associated with H1N1 influenza and SARS-CoV-2 pandemics. Given the global obesity prevalence, a better understanding of the mechanisms behind obese susceptibility to infection is imperative. Altered immune cell metabolism and function are often perceived as a key causative factor of dysregulated inflammation. However, the contribution of adipocytes, the dominantly altered cell type in obesity with broad inflammatory properties, to infectious disease pathogenesis remains largely ignored. Thus, skewing of adipocyte-intrinsic cellular metabolism may lead to the development of pathogenic inflammatory adipocytes, which shape the overall immune responses by contributing to either premature immunosenescence, delayed hyperinflammation, or cytokine storm in infections. In this review, we discuss the underappreciated contribution of adipocyte cellular metabolism and adipocyte-produced mediators on immune system modulation and how such interplay may modify disease susceptibility and pathogenesis of influenza and SARS-CoV-2 infections in obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo C. Alarcon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA,Divisions of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, U,Medical Scientist Training Program, Cincinnati, OH, USA,Immunology Graduate Program Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michelle S.M.A. Damen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA,Divisions of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, U
| | - Rajat Madan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA,Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - George S. Deepe
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Paul Spearman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA,Divisions of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Sing Sing Way
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA,Divisions of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA,Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Senad Divanovic
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA. .,Divisions of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA. .,Medical Scientist Training Program, Cincinnati, OH, USA. .,Immunology Graduate Program Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA. .,Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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9
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Thomas AL, Alarcon PC, Divanovic S, Chougnet CA, Hildeman DA, Moreno-Fernandez ME. Implications of Inflammatory States on Dysfunctional Immune Responses in Aging and Obesity. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2021; 2:732414. [PMID: 35822048 PMCID: PMC9261339 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2021.732414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aging and obesity are two conditions characterized by chronic, low-grade inflammation. While both conditions are also associated with dysfunctional immune responses, the shared and distinct underlying mechanisms are just starting to be uncovered. In fact, recent findings have suggested that the effects of obesity on the immune system can be thought of as a state of accelerated aging. Here we propose that chronic, low-grade inflammation seen in obesity and aging is complex, affects multiple cell types, and results in an altered basal immune state. In aging, part of this altered state is the emergence of regulatory immune populations that lead to further immune dysfunction in an attempt to reduce chronic inflammation. While in obesity, part of the altered state is the effect of expanding adipose tissue on immune cell function. Thus, in this review, we compare, and contrast altered immune states in aging and obesity and discuss their potential contribution to a shared clinical problem- decreased vaccine responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa L. Thomas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Division of Immunobiology Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Immunology Graduate Program and Medical Scientist Training Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Pablo C. Alarcon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Division of Immunobiology Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Immunology Graduate Program and Medical Scientist Training Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Senad Divanovic
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Division of Immunobiology Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Immunology Graduate Program and Medical Scientist Training Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Claire A. Chougnet
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Division of Immunobiology Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Immunology Graduate Program and Medical Scientist Training Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - David A. Hildeman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Division of Immunobiology Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Immunology Graduate Program and Medical Scientist Training Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Center for Transplant Immunology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Maria E. Moreno-Fernandez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Division of Immunobiology Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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10
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Sharma R, Padwad Y. Nutraceuticals-Based Immunotherapeutic Concepts and Opportunities for the Mitigation of Cellular Senescence and Aging: A Narrative Review. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 63:101141. [PMID: 32810647 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The role of increased tissue senescent cell (SC) burden in driving the process of ageing and associated disorders is rapidly gaining attention. Amongst various plausible factors, impairment in immune functions is emerging as a critical regulator of known age-associated accumulation of SC. Immune cells dysfunctions with age are multi-faceted and are uniquely attributed to the independent processes of immunosenescence and cellular senescence which may collectively impair immune system mediated clearance of SC. Moreover, being functionally and phenotypically heterogenic, immune cells are also liable to be affected by senescence microenvironment in other tissues. Therefore, strategies aimed at improving immunosenescence and cellular senescence in immune cells can have pleiotropic effects on ageing physiology including the accumulation of SC. In this regard, nutraceutical's immunomodulatory attributes are well documented which may have implications in developing nutrition-oriented immunotherapeutic approaches against SC. In particular, the three diverse sources of bioactive ingredients, viz., phytochemicals, probiotic bacteria and omega-3-fatty acids have shown promising anti-immunosenescence and anti-cellular senescence potential in immune cells influencing aging and immunity in ways beyond modest stimulation of immune responses. The present narrative review describes the preventive and therapeutic attributes of phytochemicals such as polyphenols, probiotic microbes and omega-3-fatty acids in influencing the emerging nexus of immunosenescence, cellular senescence and SC during aging. Outstanding questions and nutraceuticals-based pro-longevity and niche research areas have been deliberated. Further research using integrative approaches is recommended for developing nutrition-based holistic immunotherapeutic strategies for 'healthy ageing'.
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11
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Pro-Aging Effects of Xanthine Oxidoreductase Products. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090839. [PMID: 32911634 PMCID: PMC7555004 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The senescence process is the result of a series of factors that start from the genetic constitution interacting with epigenetic modifications induced by endogenous and environmental causes and that lead to a progressive deterioration at the cellular and functional levels. One of the main causes of aging is oxidative stress deriving from the imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species and their scavenging through antioxidants. Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) activities produce uric acid, as well as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, which all may be relevant to such equilibrium. This review analyzes XOR activity through in vitro experiments, animal studies and clinical reports, which highlight the pro-aging effects of XOR products. However, XOR activity contributes to a regular level of ROS and RNS, which appears essential for the proper functioning of many physiological pathways. This discourages the use of therapies with XOR inhibitors, unless symptomatic hyperuricemia is present.
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12
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Hunsche C, Martínez de Toda I, Hernandez O, Jiménez B, Díaz LE, Marcos A, De la Fuente M. The supplementations with 2-hydroxyoleic acid and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids revert oxidative stress in various organs of diet-induced obese mice. Free Radic Res 2020; 54:455-466. [PMID: 32752974 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2020.1800004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and its related diseases have been associated with oxidative stress. Thus, the search for nutritional strategies to ameliorate oxidative stress in obese individuals seems important. We hypothesized that the supplementation with monounsaturated (2-hydroxyoleic acid (2-OHOA)) and with combined n-3 polyunsaturated (eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) fatty acids would ameliorate oxidative stress in different organs, including brain, liver, lungs, and kidneys of adult diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. Adult female ICR-CD1 mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 14 weeks. During the last 6 weeks of HFD feeding, one group of DIO mice received the same HFD, supplemented with 1500 mg of 2-OHOA per kg of HFD and another group with 1500 mg of EPA and 1500 mg of DHA per kg of HFD. At the end of the experiment, several parameters of oxidative stress were assessed. The supplementation with 2-OHOA or with EPA and DHA in DIO mice was able to revert oxidative stress, enhancing the activities of catalase and glutathione reductase, as well as diminishing the activity of xanthine oxidase, the concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and the ratio between oxidized glutathione and reduced glutathione in several organs. These reached similar values to those of control mice, which were fed a standard diet. These data suggest that supplementation with 2-OHOA and with EPA and DHA could be an effective nutritional intervention to restore an appropriate redox state in DIO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Hunsche
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid and Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre (i + 12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Martínez de Toda
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid and Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre (i + 12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Oskarina Hernandez
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid and Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre (i + 12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Jiménez
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid and Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre (i + 12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ligia Esperanza Díaz
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ascensión Marcos
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica De la Fuente
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid and Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre (i + 12), Madrid, Spain
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13
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Obesity Enhances Antioxidant Capacity and Reduces Cytokine Levels of the Spleen in Mice to Resist Splenic Injury Challenged by Escherichia coli. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:5948256. [PMID: 32104715 PMCID: PMC7036121 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5948256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obese mice exhibited more lymphocytes in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and milder lung injury after Escherichia coli (E. coli) infection. However, it remained unclear whether the spleen contributed to the effect of obese mice with infection. The study was purposed to reveal the histopathological changes of the spleen caused by oxidative stress and inflammation in diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice challenged by Escherichia coli. After infection, the spleen tissues were obtained in normal and DIO mice at 0 h (uninfected), 12 h, 24 h, and 72 h postinfection. Results revealed that DIO mice have higher contents of resistin, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in the spleen than normal mice and lower concentrations of GSH-Px, SOD, and CAT and higher MDA than normal mice. After an intranasal drip of E. coli, the activities of GSH-Px, SOD, and CAT in the DIO mice were elevated and the content of MDA declined. The activities of SOD and CAT in the normal mice declined, and the content of MDA was elevated. Moreover, the contents of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in the spleen declined in DIO mice at 24 and 72 h, although the contents of leptin, resistin, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β were elevated at 12 h. The contents of resistin, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β were elevated in normal mice at 12 and 24 h. Those results indicated that obesity elevated splenic oxidation and inflammatory levels, but it enhanced antioxidant capacity and reduced cytokine levels of the spleen in mice to resist splenic injury after an intranasal drip of E. coli.
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Esteves de Oliveira E, de Castro E Silva FM, Caçador Ayupe M, Gomes Evangelista Ambrósio M, Passos de Souza V, Costa Macedo G, Ferreira AP. Obesity affects peripheral lymphoid organs immune response in murine asthma model. Immunology 2019; 157:268-279. [PMID: 31112301 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma and obesity present rising incidence, and their concomitance is a reason for concern, as obese individuals are usually resistant to conventional asthma treatments and have more exacerbation episodes. Obesity affects several features in the lungs during asthma onset, shifting the T helper type 2 (Th2)/eosinophilic response towards a Th17/neutrophilic profile. Moreover, those individuals can present reduced atopy and delayed cytokine production. However, the impact of obesity on follicular helper T (Tfh) cells and B cells that could potentially result in antibody production disturbances are still unclear. Therefore, we aimed to assess the peripheral response to ovalbumin (OVA) in a concomitant model of obesity and asthma. Pulmonary allergy was induced, in both lean and obese female BALB/c mice, through OVA sensitizations and challenges. Mediastinal lymph nodes (MLNs) and spleen were processed for immunophenotyping. Lung was used for standard allergy analysis. Obese-allergic mice produced less anti-OVA IgE and more IgG2a than lean-allergic mice. Dendritic cells (CD11c+ MHCIIhigh ) expressed less CD86 and more PDL1 in obese-allergic mice compared with lean-allergic mice, in the MLNs. Meanwhile, B cells (CD19+ CD40+ ) were more frequent and the amount of PDL1/PD1+ cells was diminished by obesity, with the opposite effects in the spleen. Tfh cells (CD3+ CD4+ CXCR5+ PD1+ ) expressing FoxP3 were more frequent in obese mice, associated with the predominance of Th (CD3+ CD4+ ) cells expressing interleukin-4/GATA3 in the MLNs and interleukin-17A/RORγT in the spleen. Those modifications to the main components of the germinal centers could be resulting in the increased IgG2a production, which - associated with the Th17/neutrophilic profile - contributes to asthma worsening and represents an important target for future treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Esteves de Oliveira
- Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Flávia Márcia de Castro E Silva
- Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Marina Caçador Ayupe
- Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcilene Gomes Evangelista Ambrósio
- Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Viviane Passos de Souza
- Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Gilson Costa Macedo
- Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Ferreira
- Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
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Redondo Useros N, Gheorghe A, Perez de Heredia F, Díaz LE, Baccan GC, De la Fuente M, Marcos A. 2-OHOA supplementation reduced adiposity and improved cardiometabolic risk to a greater extent than n-3 PUFA in obese mice. Obes Res Clin Pract 2019; 13:579-585. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2019.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Bedhiafi T, Charradi K, Azaiz MB, Mahmoudi M, Msakni I, Jebari K, Bouziani A, Limam F, Aouani E. Supplementation of grape seed and skin extract to orlistat therapy prevents high-fat diet-induced murine spleen lipotoxicity. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2018; 43:782-794. [PMID: 29514007 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2017-0743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2023]
Abstract
Spleen is the largest lymphoid organ and obesity is related to an elevated risk of immunity dysfunction. The mechanism whereby fat adversely affects the spleen is poorly understood. This study was designed to assess the effectiveness of grape seed and skin extract (GSSE) and orlistat (Xenical, Xe) on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced spleen lipotoxicity. Obese rats were treated either with GSSE (4 g/kg body weight) or Xe (2 mg/kg body weight) or GSSE+Xe and monitored for weight loss for 3 months. Animals were then sacrificed and their spleen used for the evaluation of lipotoxicity-induced oxidative stress and inflammation as well as the putative protection afforded by GSSE and Xe treatment. HFD induced body weight gain and glycogen accumulation into the spleen; ectopic deposition of cholesterol and triglycerides and an oxidative stress characterized by increased lipoperoxidation and carbonylation; inhibition of antioxidant enzyme activities, such as catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase; depletion of zinc and copper; and a concomitant increase in calcium. HFD also increased plasma pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17A, tumour necrosis factor alpha, and C-reactive protein, and decreased plasma IL-10 and adiponectin. Importantly, GSSE counteracted all the deleterious effects of HFD on spleen (i.e., lipotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammation) and the best protection was obtained when combining Xe+GSSE. Combining GSSE with Xe prevented against fat-induced spleen lipotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammation; this combination may be beneficial in other diseases related to the spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takwa Bedhiafi
- a Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, 7021 Jarzouna, Tunisia
- b Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam Lif, Tunisia
| | - Kamel Charradi
- a Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, 7021 Jarzouna, Tunisia
- b Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam Lif, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Ben Azaiz
- c Immunology Department, Military Hospital of Tunis, Tunis, 1008, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Mahmoudi
- a Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, 7021 Jarzouna, Tunisia
- b Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam Lif, Tunisia
| | - Issam Msakni
- d Anatomy and Cyto-Pathology Department, Military Hospital, Mont-Fleury, Tunis, 1008, Tunisia
| | - Khawla Jebari
- a Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, 7021 Jarzouna, Tunisia
- b Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam Lif, Tunisia
| | - Ammar Bouziani
- d Anatomy and Cyto-Pathology Department, Military Hospital, Mont-Fleury, Tunis, 1008, Tunisia
| | - Ferid Limam
- b Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam Lif, Tunisia
| | - Ezzedine Aouani
- a Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, 7021 Jarzouna, Tunisia
- b Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam Lif, Tunisia
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