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Neves JS, Leite AR, Conceição G, Gonçalves A, Borges-Canha M, Vale C, Von-Hafe M, Martins D, Miranda-Silva D, Leite S, Rocha-Oliveira E, Sousa-Mendes C, Chaves J, Lourenço IM, Grijota-Martínez C, Bárez-López S, Miranda IM, Almeida-Coelho J, Vasques-Nóvoa F, Carvalho D, Lourenço A, Falcão-Pires I, Leite-Moreira A. Effects of Triiodothyronine Treatment in an Animal Model of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. Thyroid 2023; 33:983-996. [PMID: 37140469 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2022.0717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Background: Low levels of triiodothyronine (T3) are common in patients with heart failure (HF). Our aim was to evaluate the effects of supplementation with low and replacement doses of T3 in an animal model of HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Methods: We evaluated four groups: ZSF1 Lean (n = 8, Lean-Ctrl), ZSF1 Obese (rat model of metabolic-induced HFpEF, n = 13, HFpEF), ZSF1 Obese treated with a replacement dose of T3 (n = 8, HFpEF-T3high), and ZSF1 Obese treated with a low-dose of T3 (n = 8, HFpEF-T3low). T3 was administered in drinking water from weeks 13 to 24. The animals underwent anthropometric and metabolic assessments, echocardiography, and peak effort testing with maximum O2 consumption (VO2max) determination at 22 weeks, and a terminal hemodynamic evaluation at 24 weeks. Afterwhile myocardial samples were collected for single cardiomyocyte evaluation and molecular studies. Results: HFpEF animals showed lower serum and myocardial thyroid hormone levels than Lean-Ctrl. Treatment with T3 did not normalize serum T3 levels, but increased myocardial T3 levels to normal levels in the HFpEF-T3high group. Body weight was significantly decreased in both the T3-treated groups, comparing with HFpEF. An improvement in glucose metabolism was observed only in HFpEF-T3high. Both the treated groups had improved diastolic and systolic function in vivo, as well as improved Ca2+ transients and sarcomere shortening and relaxation in vitro. Comparing with HFpEF animals, HFpEF-T3high had increased heart rate and a higher rate of premature ventricular contractions. Animals treated with T3 had higher myocardial expression of calcium transporter ryanodine receptor 2 (RYR2) and α-myosin heavy chain (MHC), with a lower expression of β-MHC. VO2max was not influenced by treatment with T3. Myocardial fibrosis was reduced in both the treated groups. Three animals died in the HFpEF-T3high group. Conclusions: Treatment with T3 was shown to improve metabolic profile, myocardial calcium handling, and cardiac function. While the low dose was well-tolerated and safe, the replacement dose was associated with increased heart rate, and increased risk of arrhythmias and sudden death. Modulation of thyroid hormones may be a potential therapeutic target in HFpEF; however, it is important to take into account the narrow therapeutic window of T3 in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Sérgio Neves
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre-UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Leite
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre-UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Glória Conceição
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre-UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Gonçalves
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre-UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Borges-Canha
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre-UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina Vale
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre-UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Internal Medicine, and Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Madalena Von-Hafe
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre-UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pediatrics, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana Martins
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre-UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela Miranda-Silva
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre-UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Leite
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre-UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Estela Rocha-Oliveira
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre-UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Sousa-Mendes
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre-UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Chaves
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre-UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Mariana Lourenço
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre-UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Grijota-Martínez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Soledad Bárez-López
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel M Miranda
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre-UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Almeida-Coelho
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre-UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisco Vasques-Nóvoa
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre-UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Internal Medicine, and Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Davide Carvalho
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - André Lourenço
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre-UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Falcão-Pires
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre-UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Adelino Leite-Moreira
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre-UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal
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Sultan A, Adeghate E, Emerald BS, Qureshi MA, Minhas ST, Howarth FC. Effects of Obesity and Diabesity on Ventricular Muscle Structure and Function in the Zucker Rat. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1221. [PMID: 36013400 PMCID: PMC9410105 DOI: 10.3390/life12081221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Cardiovascular complications are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. The effects of obesity and diabesity on the function and structure of ventricular myocytes in the Zucker fatty (ZF) rat and the Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat compared to Zucker lean (ZL) control rats have been investigated. (2) Methods: Shortening and intracellular Ca2+ were simultaneously measured with cell imaging and fluorescence photometry, respectively. Ventricular muscle protein expression and structure were investigated with Western blot and electron microscopy, respectively. (3) Results: The amplitude of shortening was increased in ZF compared to ZL but not compared to ZDF myocytes. Resting Ca2+ was increased in ZDF compared to ZL myocytes. Time to half decay of the Ca2+ transient was prolonged in ZDF compared to ZL and was reduced in ZF compared to ZL myocytes. Changes in expression of proteins associated with cardiac muscle contraction are presented. Structurally, there were reductions in sarcomere length in ZDF and ZF compared to ZL and reductions in mitochondria count in ZF compared to ZDF and ZL myocytes. (4) Conclusions: Alterations in ventricular muscle proteins and structure may partly underlie the defects observed in Ca2+ signaling in ZDF and ZF compared to ZL rat hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Sultan
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ernest Adeghate
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bright Starling Emerald
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muhammad A. Qureshi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saeed Tariq Minhas
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Frank Christopher Howarth
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates
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Howarth FC, Qureshi MA, Jayaprakash P, Parekh K, Oz M, Dobrzynski H, Adrian TE. The Pattern of mRNA Expression Is Changed in Sinoatrial Node from Goto-Kakizaki Type 2 Diabetic Rat Heart. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:8454078. [PMID: 30246030 PMCID: PMC6139199 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8454078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In vivo experiments in Goto-Kakizaki (GK) type 2 diabetic rats have demonstrated reductions in heart rate from a young age. The expression of genes encoding more than 70 proteins that are associated with the generation and conduction of electrical activity in the GK sinoatrial node (SAN) have been evaluated to further clarify the molecular basis of the low heart rate. MATERIALS AND METHODS Heart rate and expression of genes were evaluated with an extracellular electrode and real-time RT-PCR, respectively. Rats aged 12-13 months were employed in these experiments. RESULTS Isolated spontaneous heart rate was reduced in GK heart (161 ± 12 bpm) compared to controls (229 ± 11 bpm). There were many differences in expression of mRNA, and some of these differences were of particular interest. Compared to control SAN, expression of some genes were downregulated in GK-SAN: gap junction, Gja1 (Cx43), Gja5 (Cx40), Gjc1 (Cx45), and Gjd3 (Cx31.9); cell membrane transport, Trpc1 (TRPC1) and Trpc6 (TRPC6); hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels, Hcn1 (HCN1) and Hcn4 (HCN4); calcium channels, Cacna1d (Cav1.3), Cacna1g (Cav3.1), Cacna1h (Cav3.2), Cacna2d1 (Cavα2δ1), Cacna2d3 (Cavα2δ3), and Cacng4 (Cav γ 4); and potassium channels, Kcna2 (Kv1.2), Kcna4 (Kv1.4), Kcna5 (Kv1.5), Kcnb1 (Kv2.1), Kcnd3 (Kv4.3), Kcnj2 (Kir2.1), Kcnk1 (TWIK1), Kcnk5 (K2P5.1), Kcnk6 (TWIK2), and Kcnn2 (SK2) whilst others were upregulated in GK-SAN: Ryr2 (RYR2) and Nppb (BNP). CONCLUSIONS This study provides new insight into the changing expression of genes in the sinoatrial node of diabetic heart.
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MESH Headings
- Action Potentials
- Animals
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/etiology
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/genetics
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/metabolism
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/physiopathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/etiology
- Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/genetics
- Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/metabolism
- Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/physiopathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Heart Rate/genetics
- Isolated Heart Preparation
- Male
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats, Wistar
- Sinoatrial Node/metabolism
- Sinoatrial Node/physiopathology
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Affiliation(s)
- F. C. Howarth
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - M. A. Qureshi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - P. Jayaprakash
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - K. Parekh
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - M. Oz
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - H. Dobrzynski
- Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - T. E. Adrian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE
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