1
|
Inoue Y, Sato Y, Kashiwagi H, Nashimoto S, Sugawara M, Takekuma Y. Monitoring Salivary Concentrations of Tedizolid and Linezolid Using Rats. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2023:10.1007/s13318-023-00836-6. [PMID: 37368188 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-023-00836-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is an effective tool for the management of patients who are administered linezolid. The use of saliva for TDM has potential advantages over the use of plasma; however, only a few reports have compared drug concentrations in the saliva and plasma. Moreover, there are no reports on the salivary concentration of tedizolid, an oxazolidinone antibiotic similar to linezolid. In the present study, the concentrations of tedizolid and linezolid in rat submandibular saliva were compared with those measured in the plasma. METHODS Tedizolid (10 mg/kg, n = 6) and linezolid (12 mg/kg, n = 5) were administered via the rat tail vein. Submandibular saliva and plasma samples were collected for up to 8 h after the initiation of drug administration, and assayed for the concentrations of tedizolid and linezolid. RESULTS A strong correlation was found between the saliva and plasma concentrations of tedizolid (r = 0.964, p < 0.001) and linezolid (r = 0.936, p < 0.001). The value of tedizolid maximum concentration of drug (Cmax) was 0.99 ± 0.08 µg/mL in the saliva and 14.46 ± 1.71 µg/mL in the plasma. Meanwhile, the Cmax of linezolid was 8.01 ± 1.42 µg/mL in the saliva and 13.00 ± 1.90 µg/mL in the plasma. According to these results, the saliva/plasma concentration ratios of tedizolid and linezolid in rats were 0.0513 ± 0.0080 and 0.6341 ± 0.0339, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Considering the correlation between saliva and plasma concentrations of tedizolid and linezolid, as well as the characteristics of saliva, the results of this study suggest that saliva is a useful matrix for TDM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Inoue
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10-jo, Nishi 8-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yuki Sato
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12-jo, Nishi 6-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kashiwagi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12-jo, Nishi 6-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Nashimoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12-jo, Nishi 6-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Sugawara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12-jo, Nishi 6-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
- Department of Pharmacy, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita 14-jo, Nishi 5-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8648, Japan
- Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Kita 12-jo, Nishi 6-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yoh Takekuma
- Department of Pharmacy, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita 14-jo, Nishi 5-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8648, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Akter MT, Nezu A, Akamatsu T, Tanimura A. Role of aquaporin 5 and glandular blood flow in the acetylcholine-induced secretion of saliva in rats. Biomed Res 2023; 44:51-63. [PMID: 37005283 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.44.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
To clarify the role of the aquaporin 5 (AQP5) in salivary secretion, we evaluated acetylcholine (ACh)-induced secretion in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, rats expressing a low level of AQP5 protein (AQP5/low SD) which developed from SD rats, and Wistar/ST rats. The salivary secretion in AQP5/low SD rats in response to infusions of low-dose ACh (60-120 nmol/min) was 27-42% of that in SD rats. By contrast, Wistar/ST rats exhibited comparable secretion to that of SD rats in response to low-doses ACh, despite their low-level expression of AQP5. Experiments using spectrofluorometry and RT-PCR demonstrated no differences in the ACh-induced Ca2+ responses or the mRNA expression of muscarinic receptor, Cl- channel, or cotransporter between these strains. These findings imply that factors other than the function of salivary acinar cells regulates the secretion in response to weak stimuli. Monitoring of the hemodynamics in the submandibular gland revealed that low-doses ACh induced different patterns of the fluctuations in the blood flow in these strains. The blood flow decreased below the resting level in AQP5/low SD rats, but remained mostly above the resting level in Wistar/ST rats. The present study reveals that the contribution of AQP5-dependent transport of water is altered by stimulus intensity and blood flow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mst Tahmina Akter
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
| | - Akihiro Nezu
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
| | - Tetsuya Akamatsu
- Field of Biomolecular Function and Technology, Department of Bioengineering, Division of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University
| | - Akihiko Tanimura
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hickey SM, Ung B, Bader C, Brooks R, Lazniewska J, Johnson IRD, Sorvina A, Logan J, Martini C, Moore CR, Karageorgos L, Sweetman MJ, Brooks DA. Fluorescence Microscopy-An Outline of Hardware, Biological Handling, and Fluorophore Considerations. Cells 2021; 11:35. [PMID: 35011596 PMCID: PMC8750338 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence microscopy has become a critical tool for researchers to understand biological processes at the cellular level. Micrographs from fixed and live-cell imaging procedures feature in a plethora of scientific articles for the field of cell biology, but the complexities of fluorescence microscopy as an imaging tool can sometimes be overlooked or misunderstood. This review seeks to cover the three fundamental considerations when designing fluorescence microscopy experiments: (1) hardware availability; (2) amenability of biological models to fluorescence microscopy; and (3) suitability of imaging agents for intended applications. This review will help equip the reader to make judicious decisions when designing fluorescence microscopy experiments that deliver high-resolution and informative images for cell biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shane M. Hickey
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia; (C.B.); (R.B.); (J.L.); (I.R.D.J.); (A.S.); (J.L.); (C.M.); (C.R.M.); (L.K.); (M.J.S.); (D.A.B.)
| | - Ben Ung
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia; (C.B.); (R.B.); (J.L.); (I.R.D.J.); (A.S.); (J.L.); (C.M.); (C.R.M.); (L.K.); (M.J.S.); (D.A.B.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ishida N, Murata K, Morita T, Semba S, Nezu A, Tanimura A. Spontaneous calcium responses of SF2 rat dental epithelial cells stably expressing the calcium sensor G-GECO. Biomed Res 2021; 42:193-201. [PMID: 34544995 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.42.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Genetically-encoded calcium indicators such as G-GECO are useful for studying Ca2+ responses during long-term processes. In this study, we employed a lentiviral vector and established a rat dental epithelial cell line that stably expressed G-GECO (SF2-G-GECO). Ca2+ imaging analysis under cell culture conditions revealed that SF2-G-GECO cells exhibited spontaneous Ca2+ responses, which could be classified into the following three major patterns depending on the cell density: localized Ca2+ responses at cell protrusions at a low density, a cell-wide spread of Ca2+ responses at a medium density, and Ca2+ responses in clusters of 3-20 cells at a high density. The P2Y receptor inhibitor suramin (10 μM), the ATP-degrading enzyme apyrase (5 units/mL), and the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor inhibitor FIIN-2 (1 μM) decreased the frequency of spontaneous Ca2+ responses. These results indicate that ATP and FGF are involved in the spontaneous Ca2+ responses. SF2 cells differentiate into ameloblasts via interactions with mesenchymal cells. Therefore, SF2-G-GECO cells are expected to be a useful tool for studying the functions of Ca2+ responses in regulating gene expression during tooth development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narumi Ishida
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
| | - Kaori Murata
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
| | - Takao Morita
- Department of Biochemistry, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata
| | - Shingo Semba
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
| | - Akihiro Nezu
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
| | - Akihiko Tanimura
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
| |
Collapse
|