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Freemas JA, Worley ML, Gabler MC, Hess HW, Goss CS, Baker TB, Johnson BD, Chapman CL, Schlader ZJ. Renal vascular control during normothermia and passive heat stress does not differ between healthy younger men and women. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 326:F802-F813. [PMID: 38545652 PMCID: PMC11381026 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00034.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Men are likely at greater risk for heat-induced acute kidney injury compared with women, possibly due to differences in vascular control. We tested the hypothesis that the renal vasoconstrictor and vasodilator responses will be greater in younger women compared with men during passive heat stress. Twenty-five healthy adults [12 women (early follicular phase) and 13 men] completed two experimental visits, heat stress or normothermic time-control, assigned in a block-randomized crossover design. During heat stress, participants wore a water-perfused suit perfused with 50°C water. Core temperature was increased by ∼0.8°C in the first hour before commencing a 2-min cold pressor test (CPT). Core temperature remained clamped and at 1-h post-CPT, subjects ingested a whey protein shake (1.2 g of protein/kg body wt), and measurements were taken pre-, 75 min, and 150 min post-protein. Beat-to-beat blood pressure (Penaz method) was measured and segmental artery vascular resistance (VR, Doppler ultrasound) was calculated as segmental artery blood velocity ÷ mean arterial pressure. CPT-induced increases in segmental artery VR did not differ between trials (trial effect: P = 0.142) nor between men (heat stress: 1.5 ± 1.0 mmHg/cm/s, normothermia: 1.4 ± 1.0 mmHg/cm/s) and women (heat stress: 1.4 ± 1.2 mmHg/cm/s, normothermia: 2.1 ± 1.1 mmHg/cm/s) (group effect: P = 0.429). Reductions in segmental artery VR following oral protein loading did not differ between trials (trial effect: P = 0.080) nor between men (heat stress: -0.6 ± 0.8 mmHg/cm/s, normothermia: -0.6 ± 0.6 mmHg/cm/s) and women (heat stress: -0.5 ± 0.5 mmHg/cm/s, normothermia: -1.1 ± 0.6 mmHg/cm/s) (group effect: P = 0.204). Renal vasoconstrictor responses to the cold pressor test and vasodilator responses following an oral protein load during heat stress or normothermia do not differ between younger men and younger women in the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The mechanisms underlying greater heat-induced acute kidney injury risk in men versus women remain unknown. This study examined renal vascular control, including both vasodilatory (oral protein load) and vasoconstrictor (cold presser test) responses, during normothermia and heat stress and compared these responses between men and women. The results indicated that in both conditions neither renal vasodilatory nor vasoconstrictor responses differ between younger men and younger women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Freemas
- Department of Kinesiology, H.H. Morris Human Performance Laboratories, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
| | - Morgan L Worley
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Center for Research and Education in Special Environments, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Mikaela C Gabler
- Department of Kinesiology, H.H. Morris Human Performance Laboratories, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
| | - Hayden W Hess
- Department of Kinesiology, H.H. Morris Human Performance Laboratories, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Center for Research and Education in Special Environments, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Curtis S Goss
- Department of Kinesiology, H.H. Morris Human Performance Laboratories, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
| | - Tyler B Baker
- Department of Kinesiology, H.H. Morris Human Performance Laboratories, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
| | - Blair D Johnson
- Department of Kinesiology, H.H. Morris Human Performance Laboratories, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
| | - Christopher L Chapman
- Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts, United States
- Military Performance Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts, United States
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States
| | - Zachary J Schlader
- Department of Kinesiology, H.H. Morris Human Performance Laboratories, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
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Sarafis ZK, Squair JW, Barak OF, Coombs GB, Soriano JE, Larkin-Kaiser KA, Lee AHX, Hansen A, Vodopic M, Romac R, Grant C, Charbonneau R, Mijacika T, Krassioukov AV, Ainslie PN, Dujic Z, Phillips AA. Common carotid artery responses to the cold-pressor test are impaired in individuals with cervical spinal cord injury. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 323:H1311-H1322. [PMID: 36367686 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00261.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to autonomic cardiovascular dysfunction that underlies the three- to fourfold elevated risk of cardiovascular disease in this population. Reduced common carotid artery (CCA) dilatory responsiveness during the cold-pressor test (CPT) is associated with greater cardiovascular disease risk and progression. The cardiovascular and CCA responses to the CPT may provide insight into cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction and cardiovascular disease risk in individuals with cervical SCI. Here, we used CPT to perturb the autonomic nervous system in 14 individuals with cervical SCI and 12 uninjured controls, while measuring cardiovascular responses and CCA diameter. The CCA diameter responses were 55% impaired in those with SCI compared with uninjured controls (P = 0.019). The CCA flow, velocity, and shear response to CPT were reduced in SCI by 100% (P < 0.001), 113% (P = 0.001), and 125% (P = 0.002), respectively. The association between mean arterial pressure and CCA dilation observed in uninjured individuals (r = 0.54, P = 0.004) was absent in the SCI group (r = 0.22, P = 0.217). Steady-state systolic blood pressure (P = 0.020), heart rate (P = 0.003), and cardiac contractility (P < 0.001) were reduced in those with cervical SCI, whereas total peripheral resistance was increased compared with uninjured controls (P = 0.042). Relative cerebral blood velocity responses to CPT were increased in the SCI group and reduced in controls (middle cerebral artery, P = 0.010; posterior cerebral artery, P = 0.026). The CCA and cardiovascular responsiveness to CPT are impaired in those with cervical SCI.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study demonstrating that CCA responses during CPT are suppressed in SCI. Specifically, CCA diameter, flow, velocity, and shear rate were reduced. The relationship between changes in MAP and CCA dilatation in response to CPT was absent in individuals with SCI, despite similar cardiovascular activation between SCI and uninjured controls. These findings support the notion of elevated cardiovascular disease risk in SCI and that the cardiovascular responses to environmental stimuli are impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe K Sarafis
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jordan W Squair
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,RESTORE.network, Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cardiac Sciences and Clinical Neurosciences, Biomedical Engineering, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,MD/PhD Training Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Otto F Barak
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Geoff B Coombs
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jan Elaine Soriano
- RESTORE.network, Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cardiac Sciences and Clinical Neurosciences, Biomedical Engineering, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kelly A Larkin-Kaiser
- RESTORE.network, Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cardiac Sciences and Clinical Neurosciences, Biomedical Engineering, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Amanda H X Lee
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alex Hansen
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Maro Vodopic
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital, Dubrovnik, Croatia
| | - Rinaldo Romac
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Hospital Center, Split, Croatia
| | - Christopher Grant
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rebecca Charbonneau
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tanja Mijacika
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Andrei V Krassioukov
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,GF Strong Rehabilitation Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Philip N Ainslie
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Zeljko Dujic
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Aaron A Phillips
- RESTORE.network, Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cardiac Sciences and Clinical Neurosciences, Biomedical Engineering, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Lefferts WK, Lefferts EC, Hibner BA, Smith KJ, Fernhall B. Impact of acute changes in blood pressure and arterial stiffness on cerebral pulsatile haemodynamics in young and middle-aged adults. Exp Physiol 2021; 106:1643-1653. [PMID: 33938052 DOI: 10.1113/ep089319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Does cerebrovascular pulsatility respond differently to acute increases in arterial stiffness in middle-aged compared with young adults? What is the main finding and its importance? Compared with young adults, middle-aged adults exhibited similar changes in cerebral pulsatile damping despite attenuated changes in carotid diameter and cerebrovascular pulsatility during blood pressure-dependent, but not blood pressure-independent, increases in large artery stiffness. ABSTRACT Acute manipulation of arterial stiffness through interventions that increase sympathetic activity might provoke cerebral pulsatility and damping and reveal whether cerebrovascular haemodynamics respond differently to transient elevations in arterial stiffness in middle-aged compared with young adults. We compared cerebral pulsatility and damping in middle-aged versus young adults during two different sympathetic interventions [cold pressor test (CP) and lower-body negative pressure (LBNP)] that increase arterial stiffness acutely. Cerebrovascular haemodynamics were assessed in 15 middle-aged (54 ± 7 years old; 11 female) and 15 sex-matched young adults (25 ± 4 years old) at rest and during the CP test (4 min, 6.4 ± 0.8°C) and LBNP (6 min, -20 mmHg). Mean blood pressure was measured continuously via finger photoplethysmography. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) and carotid stiffness were measured via tonometry and ultrasound. Blood velocity pulsatility index (PI) was measured at the middle cerebral (MCA) and common carotid artery (CCA) using Doppler, with pulsatile damping calculated as CCA PI divided by MCA PI. Increases in cfPWV were driven by changes in mean pressure during CP but not during LBNP in both groups (P < 0.05). Pulsatile damping decreased in both groups (P < 0.05) despite reductions in MCA PI and greater carotid dilatation during CP in young compared with middle-aged adults (P < 0.05). Pressure-independent increases in cfPWV during LBNP did not alter pulsatile damping but decreased MCA PI in both young and middle-aged adults (P < 0.05). These data suggest that changes in carotid diameter and cerebrovascular pulsatility differ between young and middle-aged adults despite similar changes in cerebral pulsatile damping during blood pressure-dependent, but not blood pressure-independent, increases in large artery stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley K Lefferts
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Lefferts
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Brooks A Hibner
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kurt J Smith
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Bo Fernhall
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Tymko MM, Hoiland RL, Vermeulen TD, Howe CA, Tymko C, Stone RM, Steinback CD, Steele AR, Villafuerte F, Vizcardo-Galindo G, Mujica RJF, Ainslie PN. Global REACH 2018: The carotid artery diameter response to the cold pressor test is governed by arterial blood pressure during normoxic but not hypoxic conditions in healthy lowlanders and Andean highlanders. Exp Physiol 2020; 105:1742-1757. [PMID: 32829509 DOI: 10.1113/ep088898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? What is the impact of oxygen on the circulatory responses to an isocapnic cold pressor test (CPT) in lowlanders and Andean highlanders? What is the main finding and its importance? Overall, the circulatory responses to an isocapnic CPT were largely unaltered with acute normobaric hypoxia and chronic hypobaric hypoxia exposure in lowlanders. However, the relationship between mean arterial pressure and common carotid artery diameter was dampened in hypoxic conditions. Furthermore, there were no differences in the circulatory responses to the CPT between lowlanders and Andean highlanders with lifelong exposure to high altitude. ABSTRACT The impact of oxygen on the circulatory responses to a cold pressor test (CPT) in lowlanders and Andean highlanders remains unknown. Our hypotheses were as follows: (i) in lowlanders, acute normobaric and hypobaric hypoxia would attenuate the common carotid artery (CCA) diameter response to the CPT compared with normobaric normoxia; (ii) Andean highlanders would exhibit a greater CCA diameter response compared with lowlanders; and (iii) a positive relationship between CCA diameter and blood pressure in response to the CPT would be present in both lowlanders and highlanders. Healthy lowlanders (n = 13) and Andean highlanders (n = 8) were recruited and conducted an isocapnic CPT, which consisted of a 3 min foot immersion into water at 0-1°C. Blood pressure (finger photoplethysmography) and CCA diameter and blood flow (Duplex ultrasound) were recorded continuously. The CPT was conducted in lowlanders at sea level in isocapnic normoxic and hypoxic conditions and after 10 days of acclimatization to 4300 m (Cerro de Pasco, Peru) in hypoxic and hyperoxic conditions. Andean highlanders were tested at rest at high altitude. The main findings were as follows: (i) in lowlanders, normobaric but not hypobaric hypoxia elevated CCA reactivity to the CPT; (ii) no differences in response to the CPT were observed between lowlanders and highlanders; and (iii) although hypobaric hypoxaemia reduced the relationship between CCA diameter and blood pressure compared with normobaric normoxia (P = 0.132), hypobaric hyperoxia improved this relationship (P = 0.012), and no relationship was observed in Andean highlanders (P = 0.261). These data demonstrate that the circulatory responses to a CPT were modified by oxygen in lowlanders, but were unaltered with lifelong hypoxic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M Tymko
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia - Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ryan L Hoiland
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia - Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tyler D Vermeulen
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia - Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada.,Neurovascular Research Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Connor A Howe
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia - Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Courtney Tymko
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia - Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rachel M Stone
- Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Craig D Steinback
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Andrew R Steele
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Francisco Villafuerte
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Comparada/Fisiología del Transporte de Oxígeno, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Gustavo Vizcardo-Galindo
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Comparada/Fisiología del Transporte de Oxígeno, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Romulo Joseph Figueroa Mujica
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Comparada/Fisiología del Transporte de Oxígeno, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Philip N Ainslie
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia - Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
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Herrington BA, Thrall SF, Mann LM, Tymko MM, Day TA. The effect of steady-state CO 2 on regional brain blood flow responses to increases in blood pressure via the cold pressor test. Auton Neurosci 2019; 222:102581. [PMID: 31654818 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2019.102581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The pressure-passive cerebrovasculature is affected by alterations in cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) and arterial blood gases (e.g., pressure of arterial [Pa]CO2), where acute changes in either stimulus can influence cerebral blood flow (CBF). The effect of superimposed increases in CPP at different levels of steady-state PaCO2 on regional CBF regulation is unclear. In 17 healthy participants, we simultaneously recorded continuous heart rate (electrocardiogram), blood pressure (finometer), pressure of end-tidal CO2 (PETCO2; gas analyzer), and middle (MCA) and posterior (PCA) cerebral artery blood velocity (CBV; transcranial Doppler ultrasound). Three separate CPTs were administered by passive immersion of both feet into 0-1 °C of ice water for 3-min under three randomized and coached steady-state PETCO2 conditions: normocapnia (room air), hypocapnia (-10 Torr; hyperventilation) and hypercapnia (+9 Torr; 5% inspired CO2;). CBV responses were calculated as the absolute difference (∆) between baseline and mean MCAv and PCAv during the 3-min CPT. Both the ∆MCAv and ∆PCAv responses to the CPT were larger under hypercapnic conditions. The absolute ∆MCAv response was larger than the ∆PCAv during the CPT across all three CO2 trials. Cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity (CVR) was larger in the MCA than PCA in both CPT and baseline conditions, but there were no differences in CVR between CPT and baseline conditions. Our data indicate that (a) increases in CO2 increases the CBV responses to a CPT, (b) the anterior cerebrovasculature is more responsive to a CPT-induced increases in MAP, and (c) although unchanged during a CPT, CVR is larger in the anterior cerebral circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney A Herrington
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Mount Royal University, Calgary, Canada
| | - Scott F Thrall
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Mount Royal University, Calgary, Canada
| | - Leah M Mann
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Mount Royal University, Calgary, Canada
| | - Michael M Tymko
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Trevor A Day
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Mount Royal University, Calgary, Canada.
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