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Pérez-Prieto I, Plaza-Florido A, Ubago-Guisado E, Ortega FB, Altmäe S. Physical activity, sedentary behavior and microbiome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sci Med Sport 2024:S1440-2440(24)00227-5. [PMID: 39048485 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2024.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of physical activity and sedentary behavior on human health are well known, however, the molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Growing evidence points to physical activity as an important modulator of the composition and function of microbial communities, while evidence of sedentary behavior is scarce. We aimed to synthesize and meta-analyze the current evidence about the effects of physical activity and sedentary behavior on microbiome across different body sites and in different populations. METHODS A systematic search in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane databases was conducted until September 2022. Random-effects meta-analyses including cross-sectional studies (active vs. inactive/athletes vs. non-athletes) or trials reporting the chronic effect of physical activity interventions on gut microbiome alpha-diversity in healthy individuals were performed. RESULTS Ninety-one studies were included in this systematic review. Our meta-analyses of 2632 participants indicated no consistent effect of physical activity on microbial alpha-diversity, although there seems to be a trend toward a higher microbial richness in athletes compared to non-athletes. Most of studies reported an increase in short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria such as Akkermansia, Faecalibacterium, Veillonella or Roseburia in active individuals and after physical activity interventions. CONCLUSIONS Physical activity levels were positively associated with the relative abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria. Athletes seem to have a richer microbiome compared to non-athletes. However, high heterogeneity between studies avoids obtaining conclusive information on the role of physical activity in microbial composition. Future multi-omics studies would enhance our understanding of the molecular effects of physical activity and sedentary behavior on the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Pérez-Prieto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Spain.
| | - Abel Plaza-Florido
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Spain; Pediatric Exercise and Genomics Research Center, UC Irvine School of Medicine, United States.
| | - Esther Ubago-Guisado
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Spain; Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Granada, Spain; Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Signe Altmäe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Spain; Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Pérez-Prieto I, Migueles JH, Molina NM, Sola-Leyva A, Salas-Espejo E, Arffman RK, Nurkkala M, Niemelä M, Lüll K, Org E, Franks S, Tapanainen JS, Salumets A, Piltonen TT, Ortega FB, Altmäe S. Association of Accelerometer-Determined Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior With the Gut Microbiome in Middle-Aged Women: A Compositional Data Approach. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14689. [PMID: 38946228 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The beneficial effects of physical activity (PA) on gut microbiome have been reported, nevertheless the findings are inconsistent, with the main limitation of subjective methods for assessing PA. It is well accepted that using an objective assessment of PA reduces the measurement error and also allows objective assessment of sedentary behavior (SB). We aimed to study the associations between accelerometer-assessed behaviors (i.e., SB, light-intensity physical activity [LPA] and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity [MVPA]) with the gut microbiome using compositional data analysis, a novel approach that enables to study these behaviors accounting for their inter-dependency. This cross-sectional study included 289 women from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966. Physical activity was measured during 14 days by wrist-worn accelerometers. Analyses based on the combined effect of MVPA and SB, and compositional data analyses in association with the gut microbiome data were performed. The microbial alpha- and beta-diversity were not significantly different between the MVPA-SB groups, and no differentially abundant microorganisms were detected. Compositional data analysis did not show any significant associations between any movement behavior (relative to the others) on microbial alpha-diversity. Butyrate-producing bacteria such as Agathobacter and Lachnospiraceae CAG56 were significantly more abundant when reallocating time from LPA or SB to MVPA (γ = 0.609 and 0.113, both p-values = 0.007). While PA and SB were not associated with microbial diversity, we found associations of these behaviors with specific gut bacteria, suggesting that PA of at least moderate intensity (i.e., MVPA) could increase the abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Pérez-Prieto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Jairo H Migueles
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Nerea M Molina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Alberto Sola-Leyva
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Eduardo Salas-Espejo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Riikka K Arffman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marjukka Nurkkala
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Oulu Deaconess Institute Foundation sr, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Maisa Niemelä
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Medical Faculty, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Kreete Lüll
- Institute of Genomics, Estonian Genome Centre, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Elin Org
- Institute of Genomics, Estonian Genome Centre, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Stephen Franks
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Juha S Tapanainen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, HFR - Cantonal Hospital of Fribourg and University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Andres Salumets
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Terhi T Piltonen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Granada, Spain
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Signe Altmäe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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Little RB, Carter SJ, Motl RW, Hunter G, Cook A, Liu N, Krontiras H, Lefkowitz EJ, Turan B, Schleicher E, Rogers LQ. Role of Gut Microbe Composition in Psychosocial Symptom Response to Exercise Training in Breast Cancer Survivors (ROME) study: protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e081660. [PMID: 38702085 PMCID: PMC11086582 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-081660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer survivors have an increased risk for chronic fatigue and altered gut microbiota composition, both with negative health and quality of life affects. Exercise modestly improves fatigue and is linked to gut microbial diversity and production of beneficial metabolites. Studies suggest that gut microbiota composition is a potential mechanism underlying fatigue response to exercise. Randomised controlled trials testing the effects of exercise on the gut microbiome are limited and there is a scarcity of findings specific to breast cancer survivors. The objective of this study is to determine if fitness-related modifications to gut microbiota occur and, if so, mediate the effects of aerobic exercise on fatigue response. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The research is a randomised controlled trial among breast cancer survivors aged 18-74 with fatigue. The primary aim is to determine the effects of aerobic exercise training compared with an attention control on gut microbiota composition. The secondary study aims are to test if exercise training (1) affects the gut microbiota composition directly and/or indirectly through inflammation (serum cytokines), autonomic nervous system (heart rate variability) or hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis mediators (hair cortisol assays), and (2) effects on fatigue are direct and/or indirect through changes in the gut microbiota composition. All participants receive a standardised controlled diet. Assessments occur at baseline, 5 weeks, 10 weeks and 15 weeks (5 weeks post intervention completion). Faecal samples collect the gut microbiome and 16S gene sequencing will identify the microbiome. Fatigue is measured by a 13-item multidimensional fatigue scale. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The University of Alabama at Birmingham Institutional Review Board (IRB) approved this study on 15 May 2019, UAB IRB#30000320. A Data and Safety Monitoring Board convenes annually or more often if indicated. Findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and conference presentations. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04088708.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca B Little
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Stephen J Carter
- Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Robert W Motl
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Gary Hunter
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Abby Cook
- Baylor Scott & White Medical Center Temple, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Nianjun Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Helen Krontiras
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Elliot J Lefkowitz
- Department of Computer Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Bulent Turan
- Department of Psychology, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erica Schleicher
- Department of Health Behavior, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Laura Q Rogers
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Hart NH, Wallen MP, Farley MJ, Haywood D, Boytar AN, Secombe K, Joseph R, Chan RJ, Kenkhuis MF, Buffart LM, Skinner TL, Wardill HR. Exercise and the gut microbiome: implications for supportive care in cancer. Support Care Cancer 2023; 31:724. [PMID: 38012463 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-023-08183-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Growing recognition of the gut microbiome as an influential modulator of cancer treatment efficacy and toxicity has led to the emergence of clinical interventions targeting the microbiome to enhance cancer and health outcomes. The highly modifiable nature of microbiota to endogenous, exogenous, and environmental inputs enables interventions to promote resilience of the gut microbiome that have rapid effects on host health, or response to cancer treatment. While diet, probiotics, and faecal microbiota transplant are primary avenues of therapy focused on restoring or protecting gut function in people undergoing cancer treatment, the role of physical activity and exercise has scarcely been examined in this population. METHODS A narrative review was conducted to explore the nexus between cancer care and the gut microbiome in the context of physical activity and exercise as a widely available and clinically effective supportive care strategy used by cancer survivors. RESULTS Exercise can facilitate a more diverse gut microbiome and functional metabolome in humans; however, most physical activity and exercise studies have been conducted in healthy or athletic populations, primarily using aerobic exercise modalities. A scarcity of exercise and microbiome studies in cancer exists. CONCLUSIONS Exercise remains an attractive avenue to promote microbiome health in cancer survivors. Future research should elucidate the various influences of exercise modalities, intensities, frequencies, durations, and volumes to explore dose-response relationships between exercise and the gut microbiome among cancer survivors, as well as multifaceted approaches (such as diet and probiotics), and examine the influences of exercise on the gut microbiome and associated symptom burden prior to, during, and following cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas H Hart
- Human Performance Research Centre, INSIGHT Research Institute, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Moore Park, NSW, 2030, Australia.
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
- Cancer and Palliative Care Outcomes Centre, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.
- Institute for Health Research, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA, Australia.
| | - Matthew P Wallen
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Federation University, Ballarat, VIC, Australia
| | - Morgan J Farley
- Human Performance Research Centre, INSIGHT Research Institute, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Moore Park, NSW, 2030, Australia
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Darren Haywood
- Human Performance Research Centre, INSIGHT Research Institute, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Moore Park, NSW, 2030, Australia
- Mental Health Division, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alexander N Boytar
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Kate Secombe
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ria Joseph
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Raymond J Chan
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Cancer and Palliative Care Outcomes Centre, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Marlou-Floor Kenkhuis
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Laurien M Buffart
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tina L Skinner
- Human Performance Research Centre, INSIGHT Research Institute, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Moore Park, NSW, 2030, Australia
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Hannah R Wardill
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Supportive Oncology Research Group, Precision Cancer Medicine, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Jiang W, Hu C, Chen Y, Li Y, Sun X, Wu H, Yang R, Tang Y, Niu F, Wei W, Sun C, Han T. Dysregulation of the microbiota-brain axis during long-term exposure to polystyrene nanoplastics in rats and the protective role of dihydrocaffeic acid. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 874:162101. [PMID: 36764550 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Polystyrene nano-plastics (PS-NPs) can be accumulated in the food chain and can penetrate biological barriers to affect multiple physiological functions. However, the adverse effects of nano-plastics on mammals and the underlying mechanism still remain unknown. To fill the gaps, our study administrated low-dose PS-NPs (50 and 100 μg/L) for 24 consecutive weeks in rats. Behavioral and morphological evaluations were performed to assess the neurobehavoirs. A combined analysis of multiple omics was used to evaluate the dysfunctions of the gut-microbe-brain axis. After dihydrochalcone(NHDC) treatment in the PS-NPs rat model, the inflammation response and apoptosis process were assessed and proteomics was used to explore the underlying mechanism. Our results indicated that long-term exposure to low-dose PS-NPs could induce abnormal neurobehaviors and amygdaloid nucleus impairment, and stimulate inflammatory responses and apoptosis. Metagenomics results revealed that four microbial phyla including Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Defferibacteres, and Bacteroidetes changed significantly compared to the control. Targeted metabolomics analysis in the feces showed alteration of 122 metabolites induced by the PS-NPs exposure, among which the content of dihydrocaffeic acid was significantly associated with the different microbial genera and pivotal differential metabolites in the amygdaloid nucleus. And NHDC treatment significantly alleviated PS-NP-induced neuroinflammation and apoptosis and the cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)/protein kinase A(PKA)/phosphorylated cAMP-response element binding protein(p-CREB)/plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 2(Atp2b2) signaling pathway was identified in the proteomics. In conclusion, long-term exposure to low-dose PS-NPs has adverse effects on emotion through the dysregulation of the gut-brain axis, and dihydrocaffeic acid can alleviate these effects via the cAMP/PKA/p-CREB/Atp2b2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Jiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, the National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China; Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, PR China; Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Cong Hu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, the National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Yunyan Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, the National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinyi Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, the National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Huanyu Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, the National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Ruiming Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, the National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Yiwei Tang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, the National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Fengru Niu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, the National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, the National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China.
| | - Changhao Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, the National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China.
| | - Tianshu Han
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, the National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China.
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Relationships between Obesity, Exercise Preferences, and Related Social Cognitive Theory Variables among Breast Cancer Survivors. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051286. [PMID: 36904284 PMCID: PMC10005113 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer survivors with obesity have an increased risk of cancer recurrence, second malignancy, and comorbidities. Though physical activity (PA) interventions are needed, investigation of the relationships between obesity and factors influencing PA program aspects among cancer survivors remain understudied. Thus, we conducted a cross-sectional study examining associations amongst baseline body mass index (BMI), PA program preferences, PA, cardiorespiratory fitness, and related social cognitive theory variables (self-efficacy, exercise barriers interference, social support, positive and negative outcome expectations) from a randomized controlled PA trial with 320 post-treatment breast cancer survivors. BMI was significantly correlated with exercise barriers interference (r = 0.131, p = 0.019). Higher BMI was significantly associated with preference to exercise at a facility (p = 0.038), lower cardiorespiratory fitness (p < 0.001), lower walking self-efficacy (p < 0.001), and higher negative outcome expectations (p = 0.024), independent of covariates (comorbidity score, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index score, income, race, education). Those with class I/II obesity reported a higher negative outcome expectations score compared with class III. Location, walking self-efficacy, barriers, negative outcome expectations, and fitness should be considered when designing future PA programs among breast cancer survivors with obesity.
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Relative leg press strength relates to activity energy expenditure in older women: Implications for exercise prescription. Exp Gerontol 2022; 169:111956. [PMID: 36126803 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Limited work has evaluated how leg press strength (LPS), relative to body mass (i.e., rLPS), affects heart rate (HR) responses during activities of daily living. Such information would prove useful by informing a specific level of rLPS needed to promote independent mobility and physical activity. Secondary analyses were performed on baseline measures of 76 untrained older (65 ± 4 y) women. After familiarization, one-repetition maximum leg press was converted to rLPS by dividing the external load lifted (kg) by body mass (BM). Participants were stratified according to percentile of age-group norms of rLPS: ≤50 % (low, ≤0.99 kg/BM, n = 15), 51-89 % (middle, 1.0-1.31 kg/BM, n = 31), and ≥90 % (high, ≥1.32 kg/BM, n = 30). HR was measured at rest and during laboratory-based tasks including fixed-speed (0.89 m·s-1) non-graded treadmill walking, graded (2.5 %) treadmill walking, and stair stepping. Maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) was measured via indirect calorimetry. Doubly labeled water was used to quantify activity energy expenditure (AEE) over a 14-d period. Relative LPS per group were: 0.85 ± 0.12 (low), 1.16 ± 0.09 (middle), and 1.55 ± 0.25 (high) (p < 0.001). Significant between-group differences in HR emerged during both walking tasks and stair stepping - with the high rLPS group having the lowest HR. AEE between-group comparisons did not yield statistical significance (p = 0.084), however, rLPS correlated with AEE (r = 0.234, p = 0.042) and V̇O2max (r = 0.430, p < 0.001). Such findings suggest a higher rLPS attenuates HR for weight-bearing activities while also demonstrating a significant, albeit modest, positive link to AEE among older women. This information may be especially relevant for informing thresholds of rLPS linked to mobility and functional independence in older women.
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Exercise and Prebiotic Fiber Provide Gut Microbiota-Driven Benefit in a Survivor to Germ-Free Mouse Translational Model of Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112722. [PMID: 35681702 PMCID: PMC9179252 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. In recent years, the community of microbes that inhabit the intestinal tract, called the gut microbiota, has been shown to influence patient response to several cancer therapies. On the other hand, treatments such as chemotherapy can disrupt the resident gut microbiota and potentially contribute to poor health outcomes. Strategies to improve the composition of the gut microbiota include dietary and exercise interventions. While diet and exercise are already established as important for breast cancer prevention, during treatment, and for reducing recurrence, little is known about the impact of these factors on the gut microbiota in the context of breast cancer. Therefore, our aim was to examine the impact of exercise and diet on the gut microbiota in breast cancer. Our findings indicate that exercise and prebiotic fiber supplementation may provide benefits to individuals with breast cancer through advantageous gut microbial changes. Our findings of a potential adjuvant of exercise and prebiotics should inspire further mechanistic and clinical investigations. Abstract The gut microbiota plays a role in shaping overall host health and response to several cancer treatments. Factors, such as diet, exercise, and chemotherapy, can alter the gut microbiota. In the present study, the Alberta Cancer Exercise (ACE) program was investigated as a strategy to favorably modify the gut microbiota of breast cancer survivors who had received chemotherapy. Subsequently, the ability of post-exercise gut microbiota, alone or with prebiotic fiber supplementation, to influence breast cancer outcomes was interrogated using fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) in germ-free mice. While cancer survivors experienced little gut microbial change following ACE, in the mice, tumor volume trended consistently lower over time in mice colonized with post-exercise compared to pre-exercise microbiota with significant differences on days 16 and 22. Beta diversity analysis revealed that EO771 breast tumor cell injection and Paclitaxel chemotherapy altered the gut microbial communities in mice. Enrichment of potentially protective microbes was found in post-exercise microbiota groups. Tumors of mice colonized with post-exercise microbiota exhibited more favorable cytokine profiles, including decreased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels. Beneficial microbial and molecular outcomes were augmented with prebiotic supplementation. Exercise and prebiotic fiber demonstrated adjuvant action, potentially via an enhanced anti-tumor immune response modulated by advantageous gut microbial shifts.
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Williams CJ, Torquati L, Li Z, Lea RA, Croci I, Keating E, Little JP, Eynon N, Coombes JS. Oligofructose-Enriched Inulin Intake, Gut Microbiome Characteristics, and the V̇O2 Peak Response to High-Intensity Interval Training in Healthy Inactive Adults. J Nutr 2022; 152:680-689. [PMID: 34910161 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiome has been associated with cardiorespiratory fitness. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of oligofructose (FOS)-enriched inulin supplementation on the gut microbiome and the peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak) response to high-intensity interval training (HIIT). METHODS The study was a randomized controlled trial. Forty sedentary and apparently healthy adults [n = 31 women; aged 31.8 ± 9.8 y, BMI (in kg⋅m-2) 25.9 ± 4.3] were randomly allocated to 1) 6 wk of supervised HIIT (4 × 4-min bouts at 85-95% peak heart rate, interspersed with 3 min of active recovery, 3·wk-1) + 12 g·d-1 of FOS-enriched inulin (HIIT-I) or 2) 6 wk of supervised HIIT (3·wk-1, 4 × 4-min bouts) + 12 g·d-1 of maltodextrin/placebo (HIIT-P). Each participant completed an incremental treadmill test to assess V̇O2peak and ventilatory thresholds (VTs), provided a stool and blood sample, and completed a 24-h diet recall questionnaire and FFQ before and after the intervention. Gut microbiome analyses were performed using metagenomic sequencing. Fecal short-chain fatty acids were measured by mass spectrometry. RESULTS There were no differences in the mean change in V̇O2peak response between groups (P = 0.58). HIIT-I had a greater improvement in VTs than HIIT-P [VT1 (lactate accumulation): mean difference + 4.3% and VT2 (lactate threshold): +4.2%, P < 0.05]. HIIT-I had a greater increase in the abundance of Bifidobacterium taxa [false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05] and several metabolic processes related to exercise capacity (FDR < 0.05). Exploratory analysis of merged data found participants with a greater response to HIIT (V̇O2peak ≥3.5 mL⋅kg-1⋅min-1) had a 2.2-fold greater mean abundance of gellan degradation pathways (FDR < 0.05) and a greater, but not significant, abundance of Bifidobacterium uniformis species (P < 0.00023, FDR = 0.08). CONCLUSIONS FOS-enriched inulin supplementation did not potentiate HIIT-induced improvements in V̇O2peak but led to gut microbiome changes possibly associated with greater ventilatory threshold improvements in healthy inactive adults. Gellan degradation pathways and B. uniformis spp. were associated with greater V̇O2peak responses to HIIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla J Williams
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Luciana Torquati
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Zhixiu Li
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Rodney A Lea
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ilaria Croci
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Cardiac Exercise Research Group (CERG), Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Sport, Movement and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eliza Keating
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Jonathan P Little
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Nir Eynon
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jeff S Coombes
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
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10
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Anhê FF, Zlitni S, Barra NG, Foley KP, Nilsson MI, Nederveen JP, Koch LG, Britton SL, Tarnopolsky MA, Schertzer JD. Life-long exercise training and inherited aerobic endurance capacity produce converging gut microbiome signatures in rodents. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15215. [PMID: 35246957 PMCID: PMC8897742 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
High aerobic endurance capacity can be acquired by training and/or inherited. Aerobic exercise training (AET) and aging are linked to altered gut microbiome composition, but it is unknown if the environmental stress of exercise and host genetics that predispose for higher exercise capacity have similar effects on the gut microbiome during aging. We hypothesized that exercise training and host genetics would have conserved effects on the gut microbiome across different rodents. We studied young sedentary (Y-SED, 2-month-old) mice, old sedentary (O-SED, 26-month-old) mice, old mice with life-long AET (O-AET, 26-month-old), and aged rats selectively bred for high (HCR [High Capacity Runner], 21-month-old) and low (LCR [Low Capacity Runner], 21-month-old) aerobic capacity. Our results showed that O-SED mice had lower running capacity than Y-SED mice. The fecal microbiota of O-SED mice had a higher relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Turicibacteriaceae, and Allobaculum, but lower Bacteroidales, Alistipes, Akkermansia, and Anaeroplasma. O-AET mice had a higher running capacity than O-SED mice. O-AET mice had lower fecal levels of Lachnospiraceae, Turicibacteriaceae, and Allobaculum and higher Anaeroplasma than O-SED mice. Similar to O-AET mice, but despite no exercise training regime, aged HCR rats had lower Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae and expansion of certain Bacteroidales in the fecal microbiome compared to LCR rats. Our data show that environmental and genetic modifiers of high aerobic endurance capacity produce convergent gut microbiome signatures across different rodent species during aging. Therefore, we conclude that host genetics and life-long exercise influence the composition of the gut microbiome and can mitigate gut dysbiosis and functional decline during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando F. Anhê
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical SciencesMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research InstituteMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes ResearchMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | - Soumaya Zlitni
- Departments of Genetics and MedicineStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Nicole G. Barra
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical SciencesMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research InstituteMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes ResearchMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | - Kevin P. Foley
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical SciencesMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research InstituteMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes ResearchMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | - Mats I. Nilsson
- Department of PediatricsMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | | | - Lauren G. Koch
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyThe University of ToledoCollege of Medicine and Life SciencesToledoOhioUSA
| | - Steven L. Britton
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUnited States
| | - Mark A. Tarnopolsky
- Department of PediatricsMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
- Department of MedicineMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | - Jonathan D. Schertzer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical SciencesMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research InstituteMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes ResearchMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
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11
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Zhou Y, Chen S, Gu W, Sun X, Wang L, Tang L. Sinomenine hydrochloride ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice by modulating the gut microbiota composition whilst suppressing the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1287. [PMID: 34630642 PMCID: PMC8461516 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sinomenine is a pure alkaloid that can be isolated from the root of Sinomenium acutum and has been found to exert anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. The present study investigated the effects of sinomenine hydrochloride (SIN) on inflammation and the gut microbiota composition in the colon of mouse models of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. DSS-induced mice colitis was established by treating the mice with drinking water containing 3% (w/v) DSS for 7 days. The disease activity index of each mouse was calculated on a daily basis. All mice were sacrificed on day 11, then the weight of their spleen and length of their colons were measured. The histological analysis was measured by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Oral administration of SIN (100 mg/kg/day) attenuated the DSS-induced increases in the disease activity indices and spleen indices, DSS-induced shortening of the colon length and histological damage. In addition, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR data showed that SIN treatment effectively regulated the expression of inflammatory mediators, specifically by suppressing the expression of proinflammatory gene (TNF-α, IL-6 and inducible nitric oxide synthase) whilst increasing those associated with inhibiting inflammation (IL-10 and arginine 1). Gut microbiota analysis was conducted using 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing. The results revealed that SIN improved bacterial community homeostasis and diversity, which were damaged by DSS. Furthermore, western blotting showed that the activation of the NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome was markedly suppressed by SIN treatment. In conclusion, these results indicated that SIN may ameliorate experimental colitis by modulating the gut microbiota composition and suppressing the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in mice. Overall, these findings suggested a broad protective effect of SIN in treating inflammatory gut diseases, including ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Wenxian Gu
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Sun
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Linxiao Wang
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Liming Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
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12
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González-Mercado VJ, Lim J, Yu G, Penedo F, Pedro E, Bernabe R, Tirado-Gómez M, Aouizerat B. Co-Occurrence of Symptoms and Gut Microbiota Composition Before Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy for Rectal Cancer: A Proof of Concept. Biol Res Nurs 2021; 23:513-523. [PMID: 33541122 DOI: 10.1177/1099800421991656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine a) whether there are significant differences in gut microbial diversity and in the abundance of gut microbial taxa; and b) differences in predicted functional pathways of the gut microbiome between those participants with high co-occurring symptoms and those with low co-occurring symptoms, prior to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy (CRT) for rectal cancer. METHODS Rectal cancer patients (n = 41) provided stool samples for 16 S rRNA gene sequencing and symptom ratings for fatigue, sleep disturbance, and depressive symptoms prior to CRT. Descriptive statistics were computed for symptoms. Gut microbiome data were analyzed using QIIME2, LEfSe, and the R statistical package. RESULTS Participants with high co-occurring symptoms (n = 19) had significantly higher bacterial abundances of Ezakiella, Clostridium sensu stricto, Porphyromonas, Barnesiella, Coriobacteriales Incertae Sedis, Synergistiaceae, Echerichia-Shigella, and Turicibacter compared to those with low co-occurring symptoms before CRT (n = 22). Biosynthesis pathways for lipopolysaccharide, L-tryptophan, and colanic acid building blocks were enriched in participants with high co-occurring symptoms. Participants with low co-occurring symptoms showed enriched abundances of Enterococcus and Lachnospiraceae, as well as pathways for β-D-glucoronosides, hexuronide/hexuronate, and nicotinate degradation, methanogenesis, and L-lysine biosynthesis. CONCLUSION A number of bacterial taxa and predicted functional pathways were differentially abundant in patients with high co-occurring symptoms compared to those with low co-occurring symptoms before CRT for rectal cancer. Detailed examination of bacterial taxa and pathways mediating co-occurring symptoms is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean Lim
- 96722Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, FL, USA
| | - Gary Yu
- 5984NYU Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York, NY, USA
| | - Frank Penedo
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, FL, USA.,College of Arts & Sciences and Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL, USA
| | - Elsa Pedro
- 63601School of Pharmacy, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Raul Bernabe
- 19878University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, PR, USA
| | - Maribel Tirado-Gómez
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, 12320Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Bradley Aouizerat
- 5984NYU Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York, NY, USA.,Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, 5894NYU College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
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13
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Uzan-Yulzari A, Morr M, Tareef-Nabwani H, Ziv O, Magid-Neriya D, Armoni R, Muller E, Leibovici A, Borenstein E, Louzoun Y, Shai A, Koren O. The intestinal microbiome, weight, and metabolic changes in women treated by adjuvant chemotherapy for breast and gynecological malignancies. BMC Med 2020; 18:281. [PMID: 33081767 PMCID: PMC7576808 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-020-01751-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adjuvant chemotherapy induces weight gain, glucose intolerance, and hypertension in about a third of women. The mechanisms underlying these events have not been defined. This study assessed the association between the microbiome and weight gain in patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy for breast and gynecological cancers. METHODS Patients were recruited before starting adjuvant therapy. Weight and height were measured before treatment and 4-6 weeks after treatment completion. Weight gain was defined as an increase of 3% or more in body weight. A stool sample was collected before treatment, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed. Data regarding oncological therapy, menopausal status, and antibiotic use was prospectively collected. Patients were excluded if they were treated by antibiotics during the study. Fecal transplant experiments from patients were conducted using Swiss Webster germ-free mice. RESULTS Thirty-three patients were recruited; of them, 9 gained 3.5-10.6% of baseline weight. The pretreatment microbiome of women who gained weight following treatment was significantly different in diversity and taxonomy from that of control women. Fecal microbiota transplantation from pretreatment samples of patients that gained weight induced metabolic changes in germ-free mice compared to mice transplanted with pretreatment fecal samples from the control women. CONCLUSION The microbiome composition is predictive of weight gain following adjuvant chemotherapy and induces adverse metabolic changes in germ-free mice, suggesting it contributes to adverse metabolic changes seen in patients. Confirmation of these results in a larger patient cohort is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maya Morr
- Department of Oncology, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | | | - Oren Ziv
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | | | - Ran Armoni
- The Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Efrat Muller
- The Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anca Leibovici
- Department of Oncology, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Elhanan Borenstein
- The Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA
| | - Yoram Louzoun
- Department of Mathematics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ayelet Shai
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel.,Department of Oncology, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Omry Koren
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel.
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14
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Lu D, Huang Y, Kong Y, Tao T, Zhu X. Gut microecology: Why our microbes could be key to our health. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110784. [PMID: 33152942 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The human body contains a large number of microorganisms, and the gut microecology environment contains the largest number and types of microorganisms. The structure and function of gut microbiota are closely related to the health of the human body. In a cascade of studies, the diversity of gut microbiota and its metabolite often found changed in patients or mice model. What kind of gut microbiota that associated with the occurrence or treatment of diseases were also found in many studies. Gut microbiota and its products can affect the function of the human body. Short-chain fatty acids, bile acid, indoles and so on were found can regulate the inflammation, immune response to affect the process of diseases. Immune cells like natural killer T cells, CD3 + T cells were also found had a link to gut microbiota which associated with diseases. Changes in gut microbiota are associated with changes in the body's major systems, such as the digestive system, the endocrine system, the cardiovascular system, the endocrine and metabolic system, the urinary system diseases, the respiratory system and so on. It is of great significance to study gut microecology for the prevention and treatment of various human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dihuan Lu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China; The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjian, 524023, China; The Key Lab of Zhanjiang for R&D Marine Microbial Resources in the Beibu Gulf Rim, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China
| | - Yongmei Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China; The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjian, 524023, China; The Key Lab of Zhanjiang for R&D Marine Microbial Resources in the Beibu Gulf Rim, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China
| | - Ying Kong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hubei No. 3 People's Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430033, China
| | - Tao Tao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, 255000, China.
| | - Xiao Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China; The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjian, 524023, China; The Key Lab of Zhanjiang for R&D Marine Microbial Resources in the Beibu Gulf Rim, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, 524023, China.
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