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Morales-Martínez M, Vega MI. p38 Molecular Targeting for Next-Generation Multiple Myeloma Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:256. [PMID: 38254747 PMCID: PMC10813990 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Resistance to therapy and disease progression are the main causes of mortality in most cancers. In particular, the development of resistance is an important limitation affecting the efficacy of therapeutic alternatives for cancer, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. Signaling pathways are largely responsible for the mechanisms of resistance to cancer treatment and progression, and multiple myeloma is no exception. p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38) is downstream of several signaling pathways specific to treatment resistance and progression. Therefore, in recent years, developing therapeutic alternatives directed at p38 has been of great interest, in order to reverse chemotherapy resistance and prevent progression. In this review, we discuss recent findings on the role of p38, including recent advances in our understanding of its expression and activity as well as its isoforms, and its possible clinical role based on the mechanisms of resistance and progression in multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Morales-Martínez
- Molecular Signal Pathway in Cancer Laboratory, UIMEO, Oncology Hospital, Siglo XXI National Medical Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS), Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Mario I. Vega
- Molecular Signal Pathway in Cancer Laboratory, UIMEO, Oncology Hospital, Siglo XXI National Medical Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS), Mexico City 06720, Mexico
- Department of Medicine, Hematology-Oncology and Clinical Nutrition Division, Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare Center, UCLA Medical Center, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Ni L. Advances in mRNA-Based Cancer Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1599. [PMID: 37897001 PMCID: PMC10611059 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11101599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for millions of deaths every year. Immunotherapy is a groundbreaking approach for treating cancer through harnessing the power of the immune system to target and eliminate cancer cells. Cancer vaccines, one immunotherapy approach, have shown promise in preclinical settings, but researchers have struggled to reproduce these results in clinical settings. However, with the maturity of mRNA technology and its success in tackling the recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, cancer vaccines are expected to regain attention. In this review, we focused on the recent progress made in mRNA-based cancer vaccines over the past five years. The mechanism of action of mRNA vaccines, advancements in neoantigen discovery, adjuvant identification, and delivery materials are summarized and reviewed. In addition, we also provide a detailed overview of current clinical trials involving mRNA cancer vaccines. Lastly, we offer an insight into future considerations for the application of mRNA vaccines in cancer immunotherapy. This review will help researchers to understand the advances in mRNA-based cancer vaccines and explore new dimensions for potential immunotherapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ni
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Medical Research Building, No. 30 Haidian Shuangqing Road, Beijing 100084, China
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Proteasome Inhibitors and Their Potential Applicability in Osteosarcoma Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194544. [PMID: 36230467 PMCID: PMC9559645 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Bone cancer has seen minimal benefits in therapeutic options in the past 30 years. Proteasome inhibitors present a new avenue of research for the treatment of bone cancer. Proteasome inhibitors impair the function of the proteasome, a structure within the cell that removes unwanted and misfolded proteins. Bone cancer cells heavily rely on the proteasome to properly function and survive. Impairing the proteasome function can have detrimental consequences and lead to cell death. This review provides a thorough summary of the in vitro, in vivo, and clinical research that has explored proteasome inhibitors for the treatment of bone cancer. Abstract Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common type of bone cancer, with ~30% of patients developing secondary/metastatic tumors. The molecular complexity of tumor metastasis and the lack of effective therapies for OS has cultivated interest in exploiting the proteasome as a molecular target for anti-cancer therapy. As our understanding towards the behavior of malignant cells expands, it is evident that cancerous cells display a greater reliance on the proteasome to maintain homeostasis and sustain efficient biological activities. This led to the development and approval of first- and second-generation proteasome inhibitors (PIs), which have improved outcomes for patients with multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma. Researchers have since postulated the therapeutic potential of PIs for the treatment of OS. As such, this review aims to summarize the biological effects and latest findings from clinical trials investigating PI-based treatments for OS. Integrating PIs into current treatment regimens may better outcomes for patients diagnosed with OS.
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Wang W, Wang Y, Zou J, Jia Y, Wang Y, Li J, Wang C, Sun J, Guo D, Wang F, Wu Z, Yang M, Wu L, Zhang X, Shi Y. The Mechanism Action of German Chamomile ( Matricaria recutita L.) in the Treatment of Eczema: Based on Dose-Effect Weight Coefficient Network Pharmacology. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:706836. [PMID: 34658853 PMCID: PMC8515037 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.706836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To determine the active ingredients in German chamomile volatile oil and the mechanism of action in the treatment of eczema, this study used two parameters (ingredient content and oil–water partition coefficient) and established a new network pharmacology method based on the dose–effect weight coefficient. Through the new network pharmacology method, we found that German chamomile volatile oil regulated T-cell lymphatic subpopulations to inhibit the Th17 cell differentiation signaling pathway. This resulted in a reduction of interleukin 17 (IL-17), thereby inhibiting the activation of the nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB) and MAPK pathways, decreasing the secretion of the pro-inflammatory factors (tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6)), and reducing inflammation. In this study, a new dose–effect relationship synergistic network pharmacology method was established to provide a new method for the screening of effective ingredients and pathways of drugs, and to provide a basis for the follow-up studies of German chamomile volatile oil in the treatment of eczema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Yichun Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Junbo Zou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China.,Department of Pharmaceutics, The Key Laboratory of Basicand New Drug Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaaxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Yanzhuo Jia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Changli Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China.,Department of Pharmaceutics, The Key Laboratory of Basicand New Drug Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaaxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China.,Department of Pharmaceutics, The Key Laboratory of Basicand New Drug Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaaxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Dongyan Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China.,Department of Pharmaceutics, The Key Laboratory of Basicand New Drug Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaaxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhenfeng Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Henan Feinari Aromatic Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Zhumadian, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China.,Department of Pharmaceutics, The Key Laboratory of Basicand New Drug Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaaxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Yajun Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China.,Department of Pharmaceutics, The Key Laboratory of Basicand New Drug Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaaxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
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