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Seol DW, Park BJ, Koo DB, Kim JS, Jeon YH, Lee JE, Park JS, Jang H, Wee G. Optimizing Embryo Collection for Application of CRISPR/Cas9 System and Generation of Fukutin Knockout Rat Using This Method. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:3752-3762. [PMID: 38785502 PMCID: PMC11120416 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46050234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Rat animal models are widely used owing to their relatively superior cognitive abilities and higher similarity compared with mouse models to human physiological characteristics. However, their use is limited because of difficulties in establishing embryonic stem cells and performing genetic modifications, and insufficient embryological research. In this study, we established optimal superovulation and fertilized-egg transfer conditions, including optimal hormone injection concentration (≥150 IU/kg of PMSG and hCG) and culture medium (mR1ECM), to obtain high-quality zygotes and establish in vitro fertilization conditions for rats. Next, sgRNA with optimal targeting activity was selected by performing PCR analysis and the T7E1 assay, and the CRISPR/Cas9 system was used to construct a rat model for muscular dystrophy by inducing a deficiency in the fukutin gene without any off-target effect detected. The production of fukutin knockout rats was phenotypically confirmed by observing a drop-in body weight to one-third of that of the control group. In summary, we succeeded in constructing the first muscular dystrophy disease rat model using the CRISPR/CAS9 system for increasing future prospects of producing various animal disease models and encouraging disease research using rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Won Seol
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (KMEDIHUB), Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea; (D.-W.S.); (Y.-H.J.); (J.-E.L.); (J.-S.P.)
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation (KBIO Health), Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Jin Park
- Primate Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea; (B.-J.P.); (J.-S.K.)
| | - Deog-Bon Koo
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ji-Su Kim
- Primate Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea; (B.-J.P.); (J.-S.K.)
| | - Yong-Hyun Jeon
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (KMEDIHUB), Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea; (D.-W.S.); (Y.-H.J.); (J.-E.L.); (J.-S.P.)
| | - Jae-Eon Lee
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (KMEDIHUB), Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea; (D.-W.S.); (Y.-H.J.); (J.-E.L.); (J.-S.P.)
| | - Joon-Suk Park
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (KMEDIHUB), Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea; (D.-W.S.); (Y.-H.J.); (J.-E.L.); (J.-S.P.)
| | - Hoon Jang
- Department of Life Science, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Gabbine Wee
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (KMEDIHUB), Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea; (D.-W.S.); (Y.-H.J.); (J.-E.L.); (J.-S.P.)
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Jiang M, Wu W, Xiong Z, Yu X, Ye Z, Wu Z. Targeting autophagy drug discovery: Targets, indications and development trends. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 267:116117. [PMID: 38295689 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy plays a vital role in sustaining cellular homeostasis and its alterations have been implicated in the etiology of many diseases. Drugs development targeting autophagy began decades ago and hundreds of agents were developed, some of which are licensed for the clinical usage. However, no existing intervention specifically aimed at modulating autophagy is available. The obstacles that prevent drug developments come from the complexity of the actual impact of autophagy regulators in disease scenarios. With the development and application of new technologies, several promising categories of compounds for autophagy-based therapy have emerged in recent years. In this paper, the autophagy-targeted drugs based on their targets at various hierarchical sites of the autophagic signaling network, e.g., the upstream and downstream of the autophagosome and the autophagic components with enzyme activities are reviewed and analyzed respectively, with special attention paid to those at preclinical or clinical trials. The drugs tailored to specific autophagy alone and combination with drugs/adjuvant therapies widely used in clinical for various diseases treatments are also emphasized. The emerging drug design and development targeting selective autophagy receptors (SARs) and their related proteins, which would be expected to arrest or reverse the progression of disease in various cancers, inflammation, neurodegeneration, and metabolic disorders, are critically reviewed. And the challenges and perspective in clinically developing autophagy-targeted drugs and possible combinations with other medicine are considered in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjia Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, China Jiliang University, China
| | - Wayne Wu
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, USA
| | - Zijie Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, China Jiliang University, China
| | - Xiaoping Yu
- Department of Biology, China Jiliang University, China
| | - Zihong Ye
- Department of Biology, China Jiliang University, China
| | - Zhiping Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, China Jiliang University, China.
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Tan X, Zhang R, Lan M, Wen C, Wang H, Guo J, Zhao X, Xu H, Deng P, Pi H, Yu Z, Yue R, Hu H. Integration of transcriptomics, metabolomics, and lipidomics reveals the mechanisms of doxorubicin-induced inflammatory responses and myocardial dysfunction in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114733. [PMID: 37087977 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anthracycline antineoplastic agent that has limited clinical utility due to its dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. Although the exact mechanism remains unknown, inflammatory responses have been implicated in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC). In this study, we analyzed the transcriptomic, metabolomic as well as lipidomic changes in the DOX-treated mice to explore the underlying mechanisms of DIC. We found that continuous intraperitoneal DOX injections (3 mg/kg/d) for a period of five days significantly induced cardiac dysfunction and cardiac injury in male C57BL/6 J mice (8 weeks old). This corresponded to a significant increase in the myocardial levels of IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17 and IL-12p70. Furthermore, inflammation-related genes such as Ptgs2, Il1b, Cxcl5, Cxcl1, Cxcl2, Mmp3, Ccl2, Ccl12, Nfkbia, Fos, Mapk11 and Tnf were differentially expressed in the DOX-treated group, and enriched in the IL-17 and TNF signaling pathways. Besides, amino acids, peptides, imidazoles, toluenes, hybrid peptides, fatty acids and lipids such as Hex1Cer, Cer, SM, PG and ACCa were significantly associated with the expression pattern of inflammation-related genes. In conclusion, the integration of transcriptomic, metabolomic and lipidomic data identified potential new targets and biomarkers of DIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tan
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China; Academician Workstation, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Rongyi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Institute of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong China; Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Meide Lan
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China; Academician Workstation, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Cong Wen
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China; Academician Workstation, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China; Academician Workstation, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Junsong Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China; Academician Workstation, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Xuemei Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China; Academician Workstation, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China; Academician Workstation, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Ping Deng
- Department of Occupational Health, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Huifeng Pi
- Department of Occupational Health, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhengping Yu
- Department of Occupational Health, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Rongchuan Yue
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China; Academician Workstation, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China.
| | - Houxiang Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China; Academician Workstation, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China; Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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McFaline-Figueroa J, Schifino AG, Nichenko AS, Lord MN, Hunda ET, Winders EA, Noble EE, Greising SM, Call JA. Pharmaceutical Agents for Contractile-Metabolic Dysfunction After Volumetric Muscle Loss. Tissue Eng Part A 2022; 28:795-806. [PMID: 35620911 PMCID: PMC9634984 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2022.0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Volumetric muscle loss (VML) injuries represent a majority of military service member casualties and are common in civilian populations following blunt and/or penetrating traumas. Characterized as a skeletal muscle injury with permanent functional impairments, there is currently no standard for rehabilitation, leading to lifelong disability. Toward developing rehabilitative strategies, previous research demonstrates that the remaining muscle after a VML injury lacks similar levels of plasticity or adaptability as healthy, uninjured skeletal muscle. This may be due, in part, to impaired innervation and vascularization of the remaining muscle, as well as disrupted molecular signaling cascades commonly associated with muscle adaptation. The primary objective of this study was to assess the ability of four pharmacological agents with a strong record of modulating muscle contractile and metabolic function to improve functional deficits in a murine model of VML injury. Male C57BL/6 mice underwent a 15% multimuscle VML injury of the posterior hindlimb and were randomized into drug treatment groups (formoterol [FOR], 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside [AICAR], pioglitazone [PIO], or sildenafil [SIL]) or untreated VML group. At the end of 60 days, the injury model was first validated by comparison to age-matched injury-naive mice. Untreated VML mice had 22% less gastrocnemius muscle mass, 36% less peak-isometric torque, and 27% less maximal mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate compared to uninjured mice (p < 0.01). Experimental drug groups were, then, compared to VML untreated, and there was minimal evidence of efficacy for AICAR, PIO, or SIL in improving contractile and metabolic functional outcomes. However, FOR-treated VML mice had 18% greater peak isometric torque (p < 0.01) and permeabilized muscle fibers had 36% greater State III mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (p < 0.01) compared to VML untreated mice, suggesting an overall improvement in muscle condition. There was minimal evidence that these benefits came from greater mitochondrial biogenesis and/or mitochondrial complex protein content, but could be due to greater enzyme activity levels for complex I and complex II. These findings suggest that FOR treatment is candidate to pair with a rehabilitative approach to maximize functional improvements in VML-injured muscle. Impact statement Volumetric muscle loss (VML) injuries result in deficiencies in strength and mobility, which have a severe impact on patient quality of life. Despite breakthroughs in tissue engineering, there are currently no treatments available that can restore function to the affected limb. Our data show that treatment of VML injuries with clinically available and FDA-approved formoterol (FOR), a beta-agonist, significantly improves strength and metabolism of VML-injured muscle. FOR is therefore a promising candidate for combined therapeutic approaches (i.e., regenerative rehabilitation) such as pairing FOR with structured rehabilitation or cell-seeded biomaterials as it may provide greater functional improvements than either strategy alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer McFaline-Figueroa
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Albino G. Schifino
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Anna S. Nichenko
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Magen N. Lord
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Edward T. Hunda
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Emily E. Noble
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Sarah M. Greising
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jarrod A. Call
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria Dysfunction in Genetic Neuromuscular Disorders with Cardiac Phenotype. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147349. [PMID: 34298968 PMCID: PMC8307986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is considered the major contributor to skeletal muscle wasting in different conditions. Genetically determined neuromuscular disorders occur as a result of mutations in the structural proteins of striated muscle cells and therefore are often combined with cardiac phenotype, which most often manifests as a cardiomyopathy. The specific roles played by mitochondria and mitochondrial energetic metabolism in skeletal muscle under muscle-wasting conditions in cardiomyopathies have not yet been investigated in detail, and this aspect of genetic muscle diseases remains poorly characterized. This review will highlight dysregulation of mitochondrial representation and bioenergetics in specific skeletal muscle disorders caused by mutations that disrupt the structural and functional integrity of muscle cells.
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