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Saavedra LPJ, Piovan S, Moreira VM, Gonçalves GD, Ferreira ARO, Ribeiro MVG, Peres MNC, Almeida DL, Raposo SR, da Silva MC, Barbosa LF, de Freitas Mathias PC. Epigenetic programming for obesity and noncommunicable disease: From womb to tomb. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2024; 25:309-324. [PMID: 38040983 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09854-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Several epidemiological, clinical and experimental studies in recent decades have shown the relationship between exposure to stressors during development and health outcomes later in life. The characterization of these susceptible phases, such as preconception, gestation, lactation and adolescence, and the understanding of factors that influence the risk of an adult individual for developing obesity, metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, is the focus of the DOHaD (Developmental Origins of Health and Disease) research line. In this sense, advancements in molecular biology techniques have contributed significantly to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying the observed phenotypes, their morphological and physiological alterations, having as a main driving factor the epigenetic modifications and their consequent modulation of gene expression. The present narrative review aimed to characterize the different susceptible phases of development and associated epigenetic modifications, and their implication in the development of non-communicable diseases. Additionally, we provide useful insights into interventions during development to counteract or prevent long-term programming for disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Paulo Jacinto Saavedra
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cellular Biology, State University of Maringá, 5790 Av Colombo, Sala 19, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Silvano Piovan
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cellular Biology, State University of Maringá, 5790 Av Colombo, Sala 19, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Veridiana Mota Moreira
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cellular Biology, State University of Maringá, 5790 Av Colombo, Sala 19, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Gessica Dutra Gonçalves
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cellular Biology, State University of Maringá, 5790 Av Colombo, Sala 19, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Anna Rebeka Oliveira Ferreira
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cellular Biology, State University of Maringá, 5790 Av Colombo, Sala 19, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Maiara Vanusa Guedes Ribeiro
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cellular Biology, State University of Maringá, 5790 Av Colombo, Sala 19, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Maria Natália Chimirri Peres
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cellular Biology, State University of Maringá, 5790 Av Colombo, Sala 19, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Douglas Lopes Almeida
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cellular Biology, State University of Maringá, 5790 Av Colombo, Sala 19, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Scarlett Rodrigues Raposo
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cellular Biology, State University of Maringá, 5790 Av Colombo, Sala 19, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Mariane Carneiro da Silva
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cellular Biology, State University of Maringá, 5790 Av Colombo, Sala 19, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Letícia Ferreira Barbosa
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cellular Biology, State University of Maringá, 5790 Av Colombo, Sala 19, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo Cezar de Freitas Mathias
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cellular Biology, State University of Maringá, 5790 Av Colombo, Sala 19, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil.
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Litter Size Reduction as a Model of Overfeeding during Lactation and Its Consequences for the Development of Metabolic Diseases in the Offspring. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102045. [PMID: 35631188 PMCID: PMC9145223 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Overfeeding during lactation has a deleterious impact on the baby’s health throughout life. In humans, early overnutrition has been associated with higher susceptibility to obesity and metabolic disorders in childhood and adulthood. In rodents, using a rodent litter size reduction model (small litter) to mimic early overfeeding, the same metabolic profile has been described. Therefore, the rodent small litter model is an efficient tool to investigate the adaptive mechanisms involved in obesogenesis. Besides central and metabolic dysfunctions, studies have pointed to the contribution of the endocrine system to the small litter phenotype. Hormones, especially leptin, insulin, and adrenal hormones, have been associated with satiety, glucose homeostasis, and adipogenesis, while hypothyroidism impairs energy metabolism, favoring obesity. Behavioral modifications, hepatic metabolism changes, and reproductive dysfunctions have also been reported. In this review, we update these findings, highlighting the interaction of early nutrition and the adaptive features of the endocrine system. We also report the sex-related differences and epigenetic mechanisms. This model highlights the intense plasticity during lactation triggering many adaptive responses, which are the basis of the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) concept. Our review demonstrates the complexity of the adaptive mechanisms involved in the obesity phenotype promoted by early overnutrition, reinforcing the necessity of adequate nutritional habits during lactation.
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Lisboa PC, Miranda RA, Souza LL, Moura EG. Can breastfeeding affect the rest of our life? Neuropharmacology 2021; 200:108821. [PMID: 34610290 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The breastfeeding period is one of the most important critical windows in our development, since milk, our first food after birth, contains several compounds, such as macronutrients, micronutrients, antibodies, growth factors and hormones that benefit human health. Indeed, nutritional, and environmental alterations during lactation, change the composition of breast milk and induce alterations in the child's development, such as obesity, leading to the metabolic dysfunctions, cardiovascular diseases and neurobehavioral disorders. This review is based on experimental animal models, most of them in rodents, and summarizes the impact of an adequate breast milk supply in view of the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) concept, which has been proposed by researchers in the areas of epidemiology and basic science from around the world. Here, experimental advances in understanding the programming during breastfeeding were compiled with the purpose of generating knowledge about the genesis of chronic noncommunicable diseases and to guide the development of public policies to deal with and prevent the problems arising from this phenomenon. This review article is part of the special issue on "Cross talk between periphery and brain".
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia C Lisboa
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Rosiane A Miranda
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luana L Souza
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Egberto G Moura
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Programming of Cardiovascular Dysfunction by Postnatal Overfeeding in Rodents. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249427. [PMID: 33322275 PMCID: PMC7763005 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional environment in the perinatal period has a great influence on health and diseases in adulthood. In rodents, litter size reduction reproduces the effects of postnatal overnutrition in infants and reveals that postnatal overfeeding (PNOF) not only permanently increases body weight but also affects the cardiovascular function in the short- and long-term. In addition to increased adiposity, the metabolic status of PNOF rodents is altered, with increased plasma insulin and leptin levels, associated with resistance to these hormones, changed profiles and levels of circulating lipids. PNOF animals present elevated arterial blood pressure with altered vascular responsiveness to vasoactive substances. The hearts of overfed rodents exhibit hypertrophy and elevated collagen content. PNOF also induces a disturbance of cardiac mitochondrial respiration and produces an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants. A modification of the expression of crucial genes and epigenetic alterations is reported in hearts of PNOF animals. In vivo, a decreased ventricular contractile function is observed during adulthood in PNOF hearts. All these alterations ultimately lead to an increased sensitivity to cardiac pathologic challenges such as ischemia-reperfusion injury. Nevertheless, caloric restriction and physical exercise were shown to improve PNOF-induced cardiac dysfunction and metabolic abnormalities, drawing a path to the potential therapeutic correction of early nutritional programming.
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