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Wu C, Deng J, Gao C. Effects of pre-sleep protein supplementation on plasma markers of muscle damage and inflammatory cytokines resulting from sprint interval training in trained swimmers. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2023; 20:2244478. [PMID: 37543952 PMCID: PMC10405750 DOI: 10.1080/15502783.2023.2244478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pre-sleep protein has been shown to improve muscle recovery overnight following exercise-induced muscle damage. Whether such an approach affects recovery from sprint interval training (SIT) has yet to be elucidated. This study examined the effects of protein supplementation every night before sleep on early (45 min post-SIT) and late (24 and 48 h after SIT) responses of creatine kinase (CK) and inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6 and 10 (IL-6 and IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα). METHODS Twenty trained swimmers underwent a 2-week in-water swimming SIT (two sets of 12 × 50-m all-out swims, interspersed by 1:1 recovery between each sprint and 3 min of rest between sets) and were randomized to two intervention groups receiving either 0.5 g kg-1 day-1 protein beverage (PRO) or the same amount of carbohydrate (CHO) preceding going to bed every night. For initial and final training sessions, CK and cytokine responses were analyzed at different time points, including resting, immediately after completion, 45 min post-SIT, and 24 and 48 h after SIT. RESULTS CK concentrations elevated from resting point to 24 and 48 h post-SIT for both PRO and CHO groups (p < 0.05). In both training groups, the peak levels of IL-6 and 10 were observed 45 min post-SIT on both occasions. TNFα levels significantly elevated from rest to immediately after SIT (p < 0.001) and returned to values equivalent to the baseline afterward in both groups and on both occasions. In both groups, swimming SIT also switched the cytokine response 48 hours after exercise to an anti-inflammatory status by decreasing the ratio of IL-6 to IL-10 (p < 0.04) in the last training session. CONCLUSIONS Pre-sleep protein ingestion failed to ameliorate blood markers of muscle damage. The late anti-inflammatory profile of cytokines and exercise-induced muscle damage improved after two weeks of swimming SIT with either protein or carbohydrate ingestion before sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cairong Wu
- Zhengde Polytechnic College, Department of Public Education, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Adamson University, Graduate School, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Jie Deng
- Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Department of Physical Education, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengli Gao
- Sanjiang University, Department of Physical Education, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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2
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Xiang J, Du M, Wang H. Dietary Plant Extracts in Improving Skeletal Muscle Development and Metabolic Function. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2087669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhu Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Min Du
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Hanning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
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Effect of Caffeine Ingestion on Indirect Markers of Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage: A Systematic Review of Human Trials. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091769. [PMID: 35565741 PMCID: PMC9099525 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of caffeine on mitigating exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) is still poorly understood, but it was hypothesized that caffeine could contribute to decreasing delayed onset muscle soreness, attenuating temporary loss of strength, and reducing circulating levels of blood markers of muscle damage. However, evidence is not conclusive and beneficial effects of caffeine ingestion on EIMD are not always observed. Factors, such as the type of exercise that induces muscle damage, supplementation protocol, and type of marker analyzed contribute to the differences between the studies. To expand knowledge on the role of caffeine supplementation in EIMD, this systematic review aimed to investigate the effect of caffeine supplementation on different markers of muscle damage. Fourteen studies were included, evaluating the effect of caffeine on indirect muscle damage markers, including blood markers (nine studies), pain perception (six studies), and MVC maximal voluntary contraction force (four studies). It was observed in four studies that repeated administration of caffeine between 24 and 72 h after muscle damage can attenuate the perception of pain in magnitudes ranging from 3.9% to 26%. The use of a single dose of caffeine pre-exercise (five studies) or post-exercise (one study) did not alter the circulating blood levels of creatine kinase (CK). Caffeine supplementation appears to attenuate pain perception, but this does not appear to be related to an attenuation of EIMD, per se. Furthermore, the effect of caffeine supplementation after muscle damage on strength recovery remains inconclusive due to the low number of studies found (four studies) and controversial results for both dynamic and isometric strength tests.
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Alotaibi F, Abounasef SK, Fikry H. Effects of Combined Nicotine and Caffeine on the Rat Skeletal Muscles: A Histological and Immunohistochemical Study. J Microsc Ultrastruct 2019; 7:147-152. [PMID: 31803568 PMCID: PMC6880318 DOI: 10.4103/jmau.jmau_1_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Nicotine and caffeine are pharmacologically active substances that consumed widely in the whole world. Most of the nicotine users also consume caffeine. Smokers tend to drink more coffee than nonsmokers. It is important to characterize these substances with regard to their effects on the histological and immunohistological structure. Objectives: The objective of the study is to assess the impact of combined administration of nicotine and caffeine on histological structure of the skeletal muscle tissue in the adult male Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty adult male Wistar rats with an average weight of 200–250 g were randomly divided into four equal groups: control, nicotine, caffeine, and combined (nicotine + caffeine). The diaphragm muscle was processed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) stain, histochemically by periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) and immunohistochemically by anti-CD68 antibodies. Results: After injected nicotine, thick basement membrane with apparent increase in the positive CD68 macrophages inbetween the diaphragm muscle fibers. After injected caffeine, there was an apparent accumulation of mononuclear cells around some fibers with decrease in the PAS positive fibers. Combined injected (nicotine + caffeine) group, some fibers exhibited deep acidophilic cytoplasm with flat peripheral nuclei and apparent increase of the CD68 positive cells. There was an increase in PAS positive material around fibers appearing as a thick basement membrane. Conclusions: The present study proved that caffeine and nicotine either taken alone or in combination have many negative impacts on the active type of skeletal muscles like diaphragm leading to degenerative changes that may affect their function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizah Alotaibi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Seham K Abounasef
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba Fikry
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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da Costa Santos VB, Correa JCM, Chierotti P, Ballarin GS, de Oliveira Toginho Filho D, Nakamura FY, de Paula Ramos S. Cold water immersion or LED therapy after training sessions: effects on exercise-induced muscle damage and performance in rats. Lasers Med Sci 2018; 34:991-999. [PMID: 30456534 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-018-2689-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Cryotherapy and phototherapy have been suggested as recovery methods due to their anti-inflammatory effects. They may also induce mitochondrial biogenesis, thus favoring endurance training adaptation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and ergogenic effects of phototherapy or cold water immersion (CWI) applied daily after exercise in rats. Thirty-five rats were divided into five groups: control (CO), non-exercised (CE), passive recovery (PR), cold water immersion (CWI), and LED therapy (LED). The CO and CE groups were not submitted to training; however, the CE were submitted to an exhaustion test after the training period. Low-intensity swimming training (21 sessions, 45 min) was performed followed by passive recovery (PR), CWI (10 °C, 5 min), or infrared irradiation (940 nm, 4 J/cm2). Forty-eight hours after the final training session, the CE, PR, CWI, and LED animals were submitted to an exhaustion test. The animals were euthanized 24 h later and submitted to hematological, creatine kinase (CK), and C-reactive protein (PCR) analysis. Gastrocnemius and soleus muscles were submitted to histological analysis. No differences in blood cell counts, CK, and PCR were detected between groups. The CE group presented an increased number of areas with necrosis in the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. The PR group presented the highest frequency of areas with edema and inflammation followed by CWI and LED groups. None of the recovery methods improved the performance in the exhaustion test. Successive applications of recovery methods do not improve exercise performance, but downmodulate the inflammation and prevent muscle necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Priscila Chierotti
- Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Giovana Stipp Ballarin
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | | | - Fábio Yuzo Nakamura
- Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Solange de Paula Ramos
- Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil.
- Department of Histology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid PR 445 Km 380, Londrina, Paraná, 86051-990, Brazil.
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Ferreira GA, Felippe LC, Bertuzzi R, Bishop DJ, Barreto E, De-Oliveira FR, Lima-Silva AE. The Effects of Acute and Chronic Sprint-Interval Training on Cytokine Responses Are Independent of Prior Caffeine Intake. Front Physiol 2018; 9:671. [PMID: 29922173 PMCID: PMC5996118 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the effect of acute and chronic sprint interval training (SIT), with or without prior caffeine intake, on levels of exercise-induced inflammatory plasma cytokines [interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α]. Twenty physically-active men ingested either a placebo (n = 10) or caffeine (n = 10) 1 h before each SIT session(13-s × 30-s sprint/15 s of rest) during six training sessions (2 weeks). The early (before, immediately after, and 45 min after the exercise) and late (24 and 48 h after the exercise) cytokine and creatine kinase (CK) responses were analyzed for the first and last training sessions. Plasma IL-6 and IL-10 peaked 45 min after the exercise, and then returned to basal values within 24 h (p < 0.05) in both groups on both occasions (p > 0.05). On both occasions, and for both groups, plasma TNF-α increased from rest to immediately after the exercise and then decreased at 45 min before reaching values at or below basal levels 48 h after the exercise (p < 0.05). Serum CK increased from rest to 24 and 48 h post-exercise in the first training session (p < 0.05), but did not alter in the last training session for the PLA group (p > 0.05). Serum CK was unchanged in both the first and last training sessions for the CAF group (p > 0.05). Two weeks of SIT induced a late decrease in the IL-6/IL-10 ratio (p < 0.05) regardless of caffeine intake, suggesting an improved overall inflammatory status after training. In conclusion, a single session of SIT induces muscle damage that seems to be mitigated by caffeine intake. Two weeks of SIT improves the late SIT-induced muscle damage and inflammatory status, which seems to be independent of caffeine intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme A Ferreira
- Sports Science Research Group, Academic Center of Vitoria, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Leandro C Felippe
- Sports Science Research Group, Academic Center of Vitoria, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Rômulo Bertuzzi
- Endurance Performance Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - David J Bishop
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living, Victoria University, Footscray, VIC, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Emiliano Barreto
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Fernando R De-Oliveira
- Center for Studies of Human Movement, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Adriano E Lima-Silva
- Sports Science Research Group, Academic Center of Vitoria, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.,Human Performance Research Group, Technological Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
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Dietary stimulators of the PGC-1 superfamily and mitochondrial biosynthesis in skeletal muscle. A mini-review. J Physiol Biochem 2013; 70:271-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s13105-013-0301-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Vaughan RA, Garcia-Smith R, Bisoffi M, Trujillo KA, Conn CA. Effects of caffeine on metabolism and mitochondria biogenesis in rhabdomyosarcoma cells compared with 2,4-dinitrophenol. Nutr Metab Insights 2012; 5:59-70. [PMID: 23882149 PMCID: PMC3698477 DOI: 10.4137/nmi.s10233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This work investigated if treatment with caffeine or 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) induce expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α) and increase both mitochondrial biosynthesis and metabolism in skeletal muscle. Methods: Human rhabdomyosarcoma cells were treated with either ethanol control (0.1% final concentration) caffeine, or DNP at 250 or 500 μM for 16 or 24 hours. PGC-1α RNA levels were determined using quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). PGC-1α protein and mitochondrial content was determined using flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Metabolism was determined by quantification of extracellular acidification rate and oxygen consumption rate. Results: Treatment with either caffeine or DNP induced PGC-1α RNA and protein as well as mitochondrial content compared with control. Treatment with caffeine and DNP also significantly increased oxidative metabolism and total metabolic rate compared with control. Caffeine similarly increased metabolism and mitochondrial content compared with DNP. Conclusion: This work identified that both caffeine and DNP significantly induce PGC-1α, and increase both metabolism and mitochondrial content in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A Vaughan
- Department of Health, Exercise and Sports Science, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque
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Panveloski-Costa AC, Papoti M, Moreira RJ, Seraphim PM. Respostas lactacidêmicas de ratos ao treinamento intermitente de alta intensidade. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s1517-86922012000200012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Durante contrações musculares de alta intensidade intervaladas por curtos períodos de tempo há importante participação do metabolismo glicolítico e, consequentemente, aumento das concentrações de lactato sanguíneo. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar as respostas lactacidêmicas agudas e crônicas de ratos Wistar submetidos a um treinamento intermitente de alta intensidade (salto tipo jump squat) de três sessões semanais, a cada 24h, três séries de 12 repetições com intervalos de 60s entre cada uma. Houve aumento das concentrações de lactato sanguíneo durante a sessão aguda do treinamento (lactacidemia basal vs. lactacidemia após último esforço, P < 0,001). Contrariamente, após seis semanas de treinamento, ocorreu redução de 49% na resposta lactacidêmica ao exercício em relação à primeira sessão, P = 0,0002. O exercício intermitente de alta intensidade intervalado favorece a participação do sistema glicolítico; no entanto, o treinamento intermitente de alta intensidade promove redução das respostas lactacidêmicas, sugerindo melhora da capacidade de ressíntese de fosfocreatina e da biogênese mitocondrial.
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Camargo MZ, Siqueira CPCM, Preti MCP, Nakamura FY, de Lima FM, Dias IFL, Toginho Filho DDO, Ramos SDP. Effects of light emitting diode (LED) therapy and cold water immersion therapy on exercise-induced muscle damage in rats. Lasers Med Sci 2012; 27:1051-8. [PMID: 22223060 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-011-1039-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to analyze the effects of LED therapy at 940 nm or cold water immersion therapy (CWI) after an acute bout of exercise on markers of muscle damage and inflammation. Thirty-two male Wistar rats were allocated into four groups: animals kept at rest (control), exercised animals (E), exercised + CWI (CWI), and exercised + LED therapy (LED). The animals swam for 100 min, after which blood samples were collected for lactate analysis. Animals in the E group were returned to their cages without treatment, the CWI group was placed in cold water (10°C) for 10 min and the LED group received LED irradiation on both gastrocnemius muscles (4 J/cm(2) each). After 24 h, the animals were killed and the soleus muscles were submitted to histological analysis. Blood samples were used for hematological and CK analyses. The results demonstrated that the LED group presented fewer areas of muscle damage and inflammatory cell infiltration and lower levels of CK activity than the E group. Fewer areas of damaged muscle fiber were observed in the LED group than in CWI. CWI and LED did not reduce edema areas. Hematological analysis showed no significant effect of either treatment on leukocyte counts. The results suggest that LED therapy is more efficient than CWI in preventing muscle damage and local inflammation after exercise.
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