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Martin TP, MacDonald EA, Elbassioni AAM, O'Toole D, Zaeri AAI, Nicklin SA, Gray GA, Loughrey CM. Preclinical models of myocardial infarction: from mechanism to translation. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:770-791. [PMID: 34131903 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 7 million people are affected by acute myocardial infarction (MI) each year, and despite significant therapeutic and diagnostic advancements, MI remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Preclinical animal models have significantly advanced our understanding of MI and have enabled the development of therapeutic strategies to combat this debilitating disease. Notably, some drugs currently used to treat MI and heart failure (HF) in patients had initially been studied in preclinical animal models. Despite this, preclinical models are limited in their ability to fully reproduce the complexity of MI in humans. The preclinical model must be carefully selected to maximise the translational potential of experimental findings. This review describes current experimental models of MI and considers how they have been used to understand drug mechanisms of action and support translational medicine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara P Martin
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Eilidh A MacDonald
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ali Ali Mohamed Elbassioni
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,Suez Canal University, Arab Republic of Egypt
| | - Dylan O'Toole
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ali Abdullah I Zaeri
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Stuart A Nicklin
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Gillian A Gray
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Christopher M Loughrey
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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2
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Rabell-Montiel A, Thomson AJ, Anderson TA, Pye SD, Moran CM. Acoustic Properties of Small Animal Soft Tissue in the Frequency Range 12-32 MHz. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2018; 44:702-713. [PMID: 29277451 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Quality assurance phantoms are made of tissue-mimicking materials (TMMs) the acoustic properties of which mimic those of soft tissue. However, the acoustic properties of many soft tissue types have not been measured at ultrasonic frequencies >9 MHz. With the increasing use of high-frequency ultrasound for both clinical and pre-clinical applications, it is of increasing interest to ensure that TMMs accurately reflect the acoustic properties of soft tissue at these higher frequencies. In this study, the acoustic properties of ex vivo brain, liver and kidney samples from 50 mice were assessed in the frequency range 12-32 MHz. Measurements were performed within 6 min of euthanasia in a phosphate-buffered saline solution maintained at 37.2 ± 0.2 °C. The measured mean values for the speed of sound for all organs were found to be higher than the International Electrotechnical Commission guideline recommended value for TMMs. The attenuation coefficients measured for brain, liver and kidney samples were compared with the results of previous studies at lower frequencies. Only the measured kidney attenuation coefficient was found to be in good agreement with the International Electrotechnical Commission guideline. The information provided in this study can be used as a baseline on which to manufacture a TMM suitable for high-frequency applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adela Rabell-Montiel
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| | - Adrian J Thomson
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Tom A Anderson
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen D Pye
- Medical Physics, NHS Lothian, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Carmel M Moran
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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3
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Hu B, Zeng M, Chen J, Zhang Z, Zhang X, Fan Z, Zhang X. External Magnetic Field-Induced Targeted Delivery of Highly Sensitive Iron Oxide Nanocubes for MRI of Myocardial Infarction. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:4707-4712. [PMID: 27147555 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201600263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic field responsive nanocubes (MFRFs) are synthesized as nanoplatforms for external magnetic field-induced selective targeting of macrophages in the infarcted tissue and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) monitoring. MFRFs have uniform size, favorable colloidal stability, and high magnetic properties. Under the influence of external magnetic field, MFRFs perform qualitative and quantitative MRI of myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Mu Zeng
- Department of Radiology, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jingli Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Zhenzhong Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoning Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zhanming Fan
- Department of Radiology, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
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Abstract
The mouse is the mammalian model of choice for investigating cardiovascular biology, given our ability to manipulate it by genetic, pharmacologic, mechanical, and environmental means. Imaging is an important approach to phenotyping both function and structure of cardiac and vascular components. This review details commonly used imaging approaches, with a focus on echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging and brief overviews of other imaging modalities. We also briefly outline emerging imaging approaches but caution that reliability and validity data may be lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin K L Phoon
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Daniel H Turnbull
- Departments of Radiology and Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York.,Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
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5
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White CI, Jansen MA, McGregor K, Mylonas KJ, Richardson RV, Thomson A, Moran CM, Seckl JR, Walker BR, Chapman KE, Gray GA. Cardiomyocyte and Vascular Smooth Muscle-Independent 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase 1 Amplifies Infarct Expansion, Hypertrophy, and the Development of Heart Failure After Myocardial Infarction in Male Mice. Endocrinology 2016; 157:346-57. [PMID: 26465199 PMCID: PMC4701896 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Global deficiency of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1), an enzyme that regenerates glucocorticoids within cells, promotes angiogenesis, and reduces acute infarct expansion after myocardial infarction (MI), suggesting that 11β-HSD1 activity has an adverse influence on wound healing in the heart after MI. The present study investigated whether 11β-HSD1 deficiency could prevent the development of heart failure after MI and examined whether 11β-HSD1 deficiency in cardiomyocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells confers this protection. Male mice with global deficiency in 11β-HSD1, or with Hsd11b1 disruption in cardiac and vascular smooth muscle (via SM22α-Cre recombinase), underwent coronary artery ligation for induction of MI. Acute injury was equivalent in all groups. However, by 8 weeks after induction of MI, relative to C57Bl/6 wild type, globally 11β-HSD1-deficient mice had reduced infarct size (34.7 ± 2.1% left ventricle [LV] vs 44.0 ± 3.3% LV, P = .02), improved function (ejection fraction, 33.5 ± 2.5% vs 24.7 ± 2.5%, P = .03) and reduced ventricular dilation (LV end-diastolic volume, 0.17 ± 0.01 vs 0.21 ± 0.01 mL, P = .01). This was accompanied by a reduction in hypertrophy, pulmonary edema, and in the expression of genes encoding atrial natriuretic peptide and β-myosin heavy chain. None of these outcomes, nor promotion of periinfarct angiogenesis during infarct repair, were recapitulated when 11β-HSD1 deficiency was restricted to cardiac and vascular smooth muscle. 11β-HSD1 expressed in cells other than cardiomyocytes or vascular smooth muscle limits angiogenesis and promotes infarct expansion with adverse ventricular remodeling after MI. Early pharmacological inhibition of 11β-HSD1 may offer a new therapeutic approach to prevent heart failure associated with ischemic heart disease.
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MESH Headings
- 11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1/deficiency
- 11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1/genetics
- 11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1/metabolism
- Animals
- Cardiomegaly/etiology
- Cardiomegaly/prevention & control
- Coronary Circulation
- Crosses, Genetic
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Heart Failure/etiology
- Heart Failure/prevention & control
- Heart Ventricles/metabolism
- Heart Ventricles/pathology
- Heart Ventricles/physiopathology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocardial Infarction/metabolism
- Myocardial Infarction/pathology
- Myocardial Infarction/physiopathology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/enzymology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Neovascularization, Physiologic
- Organ Size
- Pulmonary Edema/etiology
- Pulmonary Edema/prevention & control
- Stroke Volume
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher I White
- British Heart Foundation/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science (C.I.W., M.A.J., K.M., K.J.M., R.V.R., C.M.M., J.R.S., B.R.W., K.E.C., G.A.G.), Queens Medical Research Institute, and Edinburgh Preclinical Imaging (M.A.J., A.T., C.M.M.), College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Maurits A Jansen
- British Heart Foundation/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science (C.I.W., M.A.J., K.M., K.J.M., R.V.R., C.M.M., J.R.S., B.R.W., K.E.C., G.A.G.), Queens Medical Research Institute, and Edinburgh Preclinical Imaging (M.A.J., A.T., C.M.M.), College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Kieran McGregor
- British Heart Foundation/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science (C.I.W., M.A.J., K.M., K.J.M., R.V.R., C.M.M., J.R.S., B.R.W., K.E.C., G.A.G.), Queens Medical Research Institute, and Edinburgh Preclinical Imaging (M.A.J., A.T., C.M.M.), College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Katie J Mylonas
- British Heart Foundation/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science (C.I.W., M.A.J., K.M., K.J.M., R.V.R., C.M.M., J.R.S., B.R.W., K.E.C., G.A.G.), Queens Medical Research Institute, and Edinburgh Preclinical Imaging (M.A.J., A.T., C.M.M.), College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel V Richardson
- British Heart Foundation/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science (C.I.W., M.A.J., K.M., K.J.M., R.V.R., C.M.M., J.R.S., B.R.W., K.E.C., G.A.G.), Queens Medical Research Institute, and Edinburgh Preclinical Imaging (M.A.J., A.T., C.M.M.), College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Thomson
- British Heart Foundation/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science (C.I.W., M.A.J., K.M., K.J.M., R.V.R., C.M.M., J.R.S., B.R.W., K.E.C., G.A.G.), Queens Medical Research Institute, and Edinburgh Preclinical Imaging (M.A.J., A.T., C.M.M.), College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Carmel M Moran
- British Heart Foundation/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science (C.I.W., M.A.J., K.M., K.J.M., R.V.R., C.M.M., J.R.S., B.R.W., K.E.C., G.A.G.), Queens Medical Research Institute, and Edinburgh Preclinical Imaging (M.A.J., A.T., C.M.M.), College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan R Seckl
- British Heart Foundation/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science (C.I.W., M.A.J., K.M., K.J.M., R.V.R., C.M.M., J.R.S., B.R.W., K.E.C., G.A.G.), Queens Medical Research Institute, and Edinburgh Preclinical Imaging (M.A.J., A.T., C.M.M.), College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Brian R Walker
- British Heart Foundation/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science (C.I.W., M.A.J., K.M., K.J.M., R.V.R., C.M.M., J.R.S., B.R.W., K.E.C., G.A.G.), Queens Medical Research Institute, and Edinburgh Preclinical Imaging (M.A.J., A.T., C.M.M.), College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Karen E Chapman
- British Heart Foundation/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science (C.I.W., M.A.J., K.M., K.J.M., R.V.R., C.M.M., J.R.S., B.R.W., K.E.C., G.A.G.), Queens Medical Research Institute, and Edinburgh Preclinical Imaging (M.A.J., A.T., C.M.M.), College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian A Gray
- British Heart Foundation/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science (C.I.W., M.A.J., K.M., K.J.M., R.V.R., C.M.M., J.R.S., B.R.W., K.E.C., G.A.G.), Queens Medical Research Institute, and Edinburgh Preclinical Imaging (M.A.J., A.T., C.M.M.), College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, United Kingdom
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6
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Bakermans AJ, Abdurrachim D, Moonen RPM, Motaal AG, Prompers JJ, Strijkers GJ, Vandoorne K, Nicolay K. Small animal cardiovascular MR imaging and spectroscopy. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 88-89:1-47. [PMID: 26282195 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The use of MR imaging and spectroscopy for studying cardiovascular disease processes in small animals has increased tremendously over the past decade. This is the result of the remarkable advances in MR technologies and the increased availability of genetically modified mice. MR techniques provide a window on the entire timeline of cardiovascular disease development, ranging from subtle early changes in myocardial metabolism that often mark disease onset to severe myocardial dysfunction associated with end-stage heart failure. MR imaging and spectroscopy techniques play an important role in basic cardiovascular research and in cardiovascular disease diagnosis and therapy follow-up. This is due to the broad range of functional, structural and metabolic parameters that can be quantified by MR under in vivo conditions non-invasively. This review describes the spectrum of MR techniques that are employed in small animal cardiovascular disease research and how the technological challenges resulting from the small dimensions of heart and blood vessels as well as high heart and respiratory rates, particularly in mice, are tackled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianus J Bakermans
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Desiree Abdurrachim
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Rik P M Moonen
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Abdallah G Motaal
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeanine J Prompers
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Gustav J Strijkers
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katrien Vandoorne
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas Nicolay
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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7
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Li J, Zhu K, Yang S, Wang Y, Guo C, Yin K, Wang C, Lai H. Fibrin patch-based insulin-like growth factor-1 gene-modified stem cell transplantation repairs ischemic myocardium. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2015; 240:585-92. [PMID: 25767192 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214556946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), tissue-engineered cardiac patch, and therapeutic gene have all been proposed as promising therapy strategies for cardiac repair after myocardial infarction. In our study, BMSCs were modified with insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) gene, loaded into a fibrin patch, and then transplanted into a porcine model of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) myocardium injury. The results demonstrated that IGF-1 gene overexpression could promote proliferation of endothelial cells and cardiomyocyte-like differentiation of BMSCs in vitro. Four weeks after transplantation of fibrin patch loaded with gene-modified BMSCs, IGF-1 overexpression could successfully promote angiogenesis, inhibit remodeling, increase grafted cell survival and reduce apoptosis. In conclusion, the integrated strategy, which combined fibrin patch with IGF-1 gene modified BMSCs, could promote the histological cardiac repair for a clinically relevant porcine model of I/R myocardium injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Kai Zhu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Shan Yang
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yulin Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Changfa Guo
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Kanhua Yin
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Chunsheng Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Hao Lai
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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8
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Yang X, Sun C, Anderson T, Moran CM, Hadoke PWF, Gray GA, Hoskins PR. Assessment of spectral Doppler in preclinical ultrasound using a small-size rotating phantom. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2013; 39:1491-1499. [PMID: 23711503 PMCID: PMC3839405 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2013.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical ultrasound scanners are used to measure blood flow in small animals, but the potential errors in blood velocity measurements have not been quantified. This investigation rectifies this omission through the design and use of phantoms and evaluation of measurement errors for a preclinical ultrasound system (Vevo 770, Visualsonics, Toronto, ON, Canada). A ray model of geometric spectral broadening was used to predict velocity errors. A small-scale rotating phantom, made from tissue-mimicking material, was developed. True and Doppler-measured maximum velocities of the moving targets were compared over a range of angles from 10° to 80°. Results indicate that the maximum velocity was overestimated by up to 158% by spectral Doppler. There was good agreement (<10%) between theoretical velocity errors and measured errors for beam-target angles of 50°-80°. However, for angles of 10°-40°, the agreement was not as good (>50%). The phantom is capable of validating the performance of blood velocity measurement in preclinical ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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9
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Loughrey CM, Gray GA. Advancing our understanding of the pathophysiology of cardiac disease using in vivo assessment of heart structure and function in rodent models. Exp Physiol 2012; 98:599-600. [PMID: 23143990 DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2012.064550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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