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Nada S, Kahaleh B, Altorok N. Genome-wide DNA methylation pattern in systemic sclerosis microvascular endothelial cells: Identification of epigenetically affected key genes and pathways. JOURNAL OF SCLERODERMA AND RELATED DISORDERS 2022; 7:71-81. [PMID: 35386944 PMCID: PMC8922681 DOI: 10.1177/23971983211033772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Background The etiology of systemic sclerosis is not clear, but there is evidence suggesting a critical role for epigenetic alterations in disease pathogenesis and clinical expression. We sought, in this study, to characterize the genome-wide DNA methylation signature in systemic sclerosis microvascular endothelial cells. Methods We performed a genome-wide DNA methylation study in microvascular endothelial cells derived from seven diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis patients compared to seven age-, sex-, and ethnicity-matched healthy controls. We paired matched samples on Illumina HumanMethylation450 (three diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis microvascular endothelial cells and three controls), and reproduced the results in an independent set of matched patient and controls using Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC (four diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis patients and four controls) to identify differentially methylated genes. Results We identified 71,353 differentially methylated CpG sites in systemic sclerosis microvascular endothelial cells using Infinium MethylationEPIC microarray in the first group (0.081% of representative probes) and 33,170 CpG sites in the second group using HumanMethylation450 microarray (0.073% of representative probes) in diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis microvascular endothelial cells. Among the two groups of subjects, we identified differential methylation of 2455 CpG sites, representing 1301 genes. Most of the differentially methylated CpG sites were hypermethylated (1625 CpG), corresponding to 910 genes. Common hypermethylated genes in systemic sclerosis microvascular endothelial cells include NOS1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B, HDAC4, and ANGPT2. We also identified hypomethylation of IL17RA, CTNNA3, ICAM2, and SDK1 in systemic sclerosis microvascular endothelial cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate significant inverse correlation between DNA methylation status and gene expression in the majority of genes evaluated. Gene ontology analysis of hypermethylated genes demonstrated enrichment of genes involved in angiogenesis (p = 0.0006). Pathway analysis of hypomethylated genes includes genes involved in vascular smooth muscle contraction (p = 0.014) and adherens junctions (p = 0.013). Conclusion Our data suggest the presence of significant genome-wide DNA methylation aberrancies in systemic sclerosis microvascular endothelial cells, and identify novel affected genes and pathways in systemic sclerosis microvascular endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadia Nada
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Bashar Kahaleh
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Nezam Altorok
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA,Nezam Altorok, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toledo, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Mailstop 1186, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
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Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating psychiatric condition with a wide range of behavioral disturbances and serious consequences for both patient and society. One of the main reasons for unsuccessful therapies is insufficient knowledge about its underlying pathomechanism. In the search for centrally signaling molecules that might be relevant to the development of PTSD we focus here on arginine vasopressin (AVP). So far AVP has not been strongly implicated in PTSD, but different lines of evidence suggest a possible impact of its signaling in all clusters of PTSD symptomatology. More specifically, in laboratory rodents, AVP agonists affect behavior in a PTSD-like manner, while significant reduction of AVP signaling in the brain e.g. in AVP-deficient Brattleboro rats, ameliorated defined behavioral parameters that can be linked to PTSD symptoms. Different animal models of PTSD also show alterations in the AVP signaling in distinct brain areas. However, pharmacological treatment targeting central AVP receptors via systemic routes is hampered by possible side effects that are linked to the peripheral action of AVP as a hormone. Indeed, the V1a receptor, the most common receptor subtype in the brain, is implicated in vasoconstriction. Thus, systemic treatment with V1a receptor antagonists would be implicated in hypotonia. This implies that novel treatment concepts are needed to target AVP receptors not only at brain level but also in distinct brain areas, to offer alternative treatments for PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Sipos
- Behavioral Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bibiána Török
- Behavioral Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- Janos Szentagothai School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Barna
- Behavioral Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mario Engelmann
- Institut für Biochemie und Zellbiologie, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioural Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dóra Zelena
- Behavioral Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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Milano SP, Boucheix OB, Reinheimer TM. Selepressin, a novel selective V 1A receptor agonist: Effect on mesenteric flow and gastric mucosa perfusion in the endotoxemic rabbit. Peptides 2020; 129:170318. [PMID: 32330539 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal or mesenteric ischemia generally leads to inflammation and injury, potentially developing hypoxia, causing cell death and tissue necrosis. This in turn can lead to sepsis and shock. Conversely, following shock, the intestinal tract is a main organ to experience ischemic/reperfusion injury. Increased intestinal cell-membrane permeability through mesenteric ischemia provoking bacterial translocation and gut-barrier injury can lead to sepsis and multi-organ failure. Hypotension induced by systemic vasodilation and vascular leak in systemic inflammatory response syndrome and sepsis is countered by immediate fluid resuscitation and vasopressor administration, primarily norepinephrine (NE), with possible arginine vasopressin (AVP) supplementation, an agonist of vasopressin V1A and V2 receptors. Selepressin is a selective V1A-receptor agonist, avoiding potential V2 receptor-associated adverse effects. Selepressin, non-selective AVP, and NE effects on mesenteric blood flow (MBF) and gastric mucosa perfusion (GMP) were compared in control rabbits and a lipopolysaccharide-induced, fluid-resuscitated rabbit endotoxemia model. AVP induced a pronounced decrease in MBF and GMP in non-endotoxemic and endotoxemic rabbits, whereas the reduction after selepressin treatment was significantly less for both indicators in the endotoxemic animals. By contrast, NE increased the MBF and did not affect GMP in both groups. Selepressin and AVP induced a pronounced dose-dependent increase in mesenteric vascular resistance in non-endotoxemic and endotoxemic rabbits, tending to be less in endotoxemic animals, whereas a minor increase in both groups was observed with NE. Therefore, in this safety study, the risk for mesenteric ischemia on selepressin treatment was not inferior to AVP, being less in endotoxemic than in non-endotoxemic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane P Milano
- Charles River France, Dept. Safety Pharmacology, Saint Germain Nuelles, 69210, France.
| | - Olivier B Boucheix
- Charles River France, Dept. Safety Pharmacology, Saint Germain Nuelles, 69210, France.
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Dou D, Chen L, Di H, Song Z, Li S, Bu X, Dai Q, Wang S, Li JX, Zhu X, Jing H. Vasopressin augments TNBS-induced colitis through enteric neuronal V 1a receptor-mediated COX-2-dependent prostaglandin release from mast cells in mice. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2019; 31:e13493. [PMID: 30334342 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a functional disorder with chronic and relapsing clinical features. Vasopressin (VP) is a hormone responsible for water and stress homeostasis and also regulates gastrointestinal inflammation and motility. We explored whether VP was related to IBD pathogenesis and its possible pathway. METHODS Colitis was induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) in mice. The disease activity and colonic damage were evaluated through a scoring system. Locations of the V1a receptor were revealed by immunochemistry method in colon. Ussing chamber technique was performed for the electrophysiological characterization by using rat ileum. The (Arg8 )-Vasopressin (AVP)-evoked short-circuit current (Isc) was recorded in the presence of conivaptan (V1a and V2 receptor antagonist), tolvaptan (V1b receptor antagonist), tetrodotoxin (TTX), atropine, cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors (indomethacin, nonspecific COX antagonist; SC560, COX-1 antagonist; NS560, COX-2 antagonist), and a stabilizer of mast cell (cromolyn sodium), respectively. KEY RESULTS TNBS resulted in the obvious loss of body weight and tissue damages in mice. AVP significantly aggravated the TNBS-induced colitis, which was attenuated by conivaptan but not tolvaptan. V1a receptors were found immunopositive in neurons among the enteric nervous system. AVP evoked a pulsatile response in Isc. Its amplitude, frequency, and cycle duration were around 8-15 µA/cm2 , 10-11 mHz, and 1.5 minutes, respectively. Notably, the AVP-evoked change in Isc was abolished by TTX, atropine, conivaptan, indomethacin, NS560, and cromolyn sodium, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES VP-V1a receptor played the proinflammatory role in TNBS-induced colitis by promoting COX-2-dependent prostaglandin release from mucosal mast cells, which was mediated by the cholinergic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Dou
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lixin Chen
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hong Di
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhuoran Song
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shirui Li
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinjie Bu
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qing Dai
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Xin Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery Cardiac, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Haiyan Jing
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Valatas V, Filidou E, Drygiannakis I, Kolios G. Stromal and immune cells in gut fibrosis: the myofibroblast and the scarface. Ann Gastroenterol 2017; 30:393-404. [PMID: 28655975 PMCID: PMC5479991 DOI: 10.20524/aog.2017.0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-inflammatory scarring is the end-result of excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation and tissue architectural destruction. It represents a failure to effectively remodel ECM and achieve proper reinstitution and healing during chronic relapsing inflammatory processes. Scarring may affect the functionality of any organ, and in the case of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-associated fibrosis leads to stricture formation and often surgery to remove the affected bowel. The activated myofibroblast is the final effector cell that overproduces ECM under the influence of various mediators generated by an intense interplay of classic and non-classic immune cells. This review focuses on how proinflammatory mediators from various sources produced in different stages of intestinal inflammation can form profibrotic pathways that eventually lead to tissue scarring through sustained activation of myofibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassilis Valatas
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion (Vassilis Valatas, Ioannis Drygiannakis)
| | - Eirini Filidou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, Alexandroupolis (Eirini Filidou, George Kolios), Greece
| | - Ioannis Drygiannakis
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion (Vassilis Valatas, Ioannis Drygiannakis)
| | - George Kolios
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, Alexandroupolis (Eirini Filidou, George Kolios), Greece
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