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Gerges AN, Hordacre B, Pietro FD, Moseley GL, Berryman C. Do Adults with Stroke have Altered Interhemispheric Inhibition? A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2022; 31:106494. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2022.106494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Yoon K, Archer DB, Clarke MA, Smith SA, Oguz I, Cutter G, Xu J, Bagnato F. Transcallosal and Corticospinal White Matter Disease and Its Association With Motor Impairment in Multiple Sclerosis. Front Neurol 2022; 13:811315. [PMID: 35785345 PMCID: PMC9240189 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.811315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose In this cross-sectional, proof-of-concept study, we propose that using the more pathologically-specific neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) method, in conjunction with high-resolution probabilistic tractography, white matter tract templates can improve the assessment of regional axonal injury and its association with disability of people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). Methods Parametric maps of the neurite density index, orientation dispersion index, and the apparent isotropic volume fraction (IVF) were estimated in 18 pwMS and nine matched healthy controls (HCs). Tract-specific values were measured in transcallosal (TC) fibers from the paracentral lobules and TC and corticospinal fibers from the ventral and dorsal premotor areas, presupplementary and supplementary motor areas, and primary motor cortex. The nonparametric Mann–Whitney U test assessed group differences in the NODDI-derived metrics; the Spearman's rank correlation analyses measured associations between the NODDI metrics and other clinical or radiological variables. Results IVF values of the TC fiber bundles from the paracentral, presupplementary, and supplementary motor areas were both higher in pwMS than in HCs (p ≤ 0.045) and in pwMS with motor disability compared to those without motor disability (p ≤ 0.049). IVF in several TC tracts was associated with the Expanded Disability Status Scale score (p ≤ 0.047), while regional and overall lesion burden correlated with the Timed 25-Foot Walking Test (p ≤ 0.049). Conclusion IVF alterations are present in pwMS even when the other NODDI metrics are still mostly preserved. Changes in IVF are biologically non-specific and may not necessarily drive irreversible functional loss. However, by possibly preceding downstream pathologies that are strongly associated with disability accretion, IVF changes are indicators of, otherwise, occult prelesional tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keejin Yoon
- Neuroimaging Unit, Division of Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- College of Arts and Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Derek B. Archer
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Margareta A. Clarke
- Neuroimaging Unit, Division of Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Seth A. Smith
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Ipek Oguz
- Department of Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Gary Cutter
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Junzhong Xu
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Francesca Bagnato
- Neuroimaging Unit, Division of Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Neurology, VA Medical Center, TN Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, United States
- *Correspondence: Francesca Bagnato
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Innocenti GM. Defining neuroplasticity. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2022; 184:3-18. [PMID: 35034744 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819410-2.00001-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Neuroplasticity, i.e., the modifiability of the brain, is different in development and adulthood. The first includes changes in: (i) neurogenesis and control of neuron number; (ii) neuronal migration; (iii) differentiation of the somato-dendritic and axonal phenotypes; (iv) formation of connections; (v) cytoarchitectonic differentiation. These changes are often interrelated and can lead to: (vi) system-wide modifications of brain structure as well as to (vii) acquisition of specific functions such as ocular dominance or language. Myelination appears to be plastic both in development and adulthood, at least, in rodents. Adult neuroplasticity is limited, and is mainly expressed as changes in the strength of excitatory and inhibitory synapses while the attempts to regenerate connections have met with limited success. The outcomes of neuroplasticity are not necessarily adaptive, but can also be the cause of neurological and psychiatric pathologies.
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Rungseethanakul S, Tretriluxana J, Piriyaprasarth P, Pakaprot N, Jitaree K, Tretriluxana S, Danoff JV. Task Oriented Training Activities Post Stroke Will Produce Measurable Alterations in Brain Plasticity Concurrent with Skill Improvement. Top Stroke Rehabil 2021; 29:241-254. [PMID: 34320899 DOI: 10.1080/10749357.2021.1926136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Task-oriented training with upper extremity (UE) skilled movements has been established as a method to regain function post stroke. Although improved UE function has been shown after this type of therapy, there is minimal evidence that brain plasticity is associated with this training. The accelerated skill acquisition program (ASAP) is an example of an approach for promoting UE function using targeting movements. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of a single 2-hour session of ASAP in individuals with stroke on measures of brain plasticity as represented by corticospinal excitability (CE) and determine associations with reach-to-grasp (RTG) performance. METHODS Eighteen post-acute stroke patients were randomized to two groups. Experimental group (n = 9) underwent ASAP for 2 hours, while the control group (n = 9) received dose equivalent usual and customary care. Both groups were evaluated for CE and RTG performance prior to the session and then four times after training: immediately, 1 day, 6 days, and 12 days. RESULTS Significant alterations in CE were found in the peak-to-peak of Motor Evoked Potential amplitude of elbow and wrist extensor muscles in the lesioned hemisphere. The experimental group also demonstrated improved execution (shortened total movement time, TMT), feed-forward mechanism (deceleration time, DT) and planning (lengthened relative time to maximum hand aperture, RTApmax) compared to the control group. CONCLUSION Alterations in brain plasticity occur concurrently with improvements in RTG performance in post-acute stroke patients with mild impairment after a single 2-hour session of task-oriented training and persist for at least 12 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somchanok Rungseethanakul
- Motor Control and Neural Plasticity Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Jarugool Tretriluxana
- Motor Control and Neural Plasticity Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Pagamas Piriyaprasarth
- Motor Control and Neural Plasticity Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Narawut Pakaprot
- Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Wang Lang, Thailand
| | - Khanitha Jitaree
- Motor Control and Neural Plasticity Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Suradej Tretriluxana
- Department of Electronics Engineering, School of Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jerome V Danoff
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Science, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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Sandvig A, Sandvig I. Connectomics of Morphogenetically Engineered Neurons as a Predictor of Functional Integration in the Ischemic Brain. Front Neurol 2019; 10:630. [PMID: 31249553 PMCID: PMC6582372 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in cell reprogramming technologies enable the in vitro generation of theoretically unlimited numbers of cells, including cells of neural lineage and specific neuronal subtypes from human, including patient-specific, somatic cells. Similarly, as demonstrated in recent animal studies, by applying morphogenetic neuroengineering principles in situ, it is possible to reprogram resident brain cells to the desired phenotype. These developments open new exciting possibilities for cell replacement therapy in stroke, albeit not without caveats. Main challenges include the successful integration of engineered cells in the ischemic brain to promote functional restoration as well as the fact that the underlying mechanisms of action are not fully understood. In this review, we aim to provide new insights to the above in the context of connectomics of morphogenetically engineered neural networks. Specifically, we discuss the relevance of combining advanced interdisciplinary approaches to: validate the functionality of engineered neurons by studying their self-organizing behavior into neural networks as well as responses to stroke-related pathology in vitro; derive structural and functional connectomes from these networks in healthy and perturbed conditions; and identify and extract key elements regulating neural network dynamics, which might predict the behavior of grafted engineered neurons post-transplantation in the stroke-injured brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Sandvig
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Neurology, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neuro, Head, and Neck, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ioanna Sandvig
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Couturier NH, Durand DM. Corpus callosum low-frequency stimulation suppresses seizures in an acute rat model of focal cortical seizures. Epilepsia 2018; 59:2219-2230. [PMID: 30426470 PMCID: PMC6279515 DOI: 10.1111/epi.14595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Low-frequency fiber-tract stimulation has been shown to be effective in treating mesial temporal lobe epilepsies through activation of the hippocampal commissure in rodents and human patients. The corpus callosum is a major pathway connecting the two hemispheres of the brain; however, few experiments have documented corpus callosum stimulation. The objective is to determine the efficacy of corpus callosum stimulation at low frequencies to suppress cortical seizures. METHODS 4-Aminopyridine was injected in the primary motor cortex of 24 rats under anesthesia. Recording electrodes were placed in the contralateral motor cortex and hippocampus. Three pairs of stimulating electrodes were inserted into the corpus callosum along its longitudinal axis. Local field potentials were recorded 1 hour before, during, and after stimulation to determine the effect of stimulation on seizure duration. Stimulation was delivered from each pair of electrodes independently in separate experiments. Furthermore, electrical stimulation was applied to the region of the corpus callosum with the highest degree of innervation of the seizure focus to compare the efficacy of different stimulation frequencies (1-30 Hz) on seizure suppression. RESULTS Corpus callosum stimulation was effective at suppressing seizures at 10 Hz by 76% (P < 0.05, n = 5) and at 20 Hz by 95% (P < 0.0001, n = 14). Stimulation at frequencies of 1 and 30 Hz did not have a significant effect on reducing the total time spent seizing (P > 0.9999, n = 5). Furthermore, stimulation was only effective at suppressing seizures when the pair of electrodes was placed within the section of corpus callosum containing fibers innervating the seizure focus. Secondarily generalized seizures in the hippocampus were eliminated when seizures in the cortical focus were suppressed. SIGNIFICANCE Low-frequency fiber-tract stimulation of the corpus callosum suppresses both cortical and cortically induced hippocampal seizures in an acute model of focal cortical seizures. The stimulation paradigm is selective, as it is only effective when targeted to specific regions of the corpus callosum that project maximally to cortical regions generating the seizure activity. Selective placement of stimulation electrodes along the corpus callosum could be used as a patient-specific treatment for cortical epilepsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas H. Couturier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Neural Engineering Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, U.S.A
| | - Dominique M. Durand
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Neural Engineering Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, U.S.A
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