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Najm Al-Halboosi DA, Savchenko O, Heisler LK, Sylantyev S. Modulation of GABA release by 5-HT 1B receptors: An interplay with AMPA-receptors and voltage-gated Ca 2+ channels. Neuropharmacology 2023; 241:109758. [PMID: 37827445 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has become a worldwide health challenge and commonly results from the intake of more calories than the body requires. The brain represents the master controller of food intake and as such has been the target of obesity medications. However, key mechanisms of druggable targets remain to be defined. Neurons within the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus co-expressing neuropeptide Y (NPY), agouti-related protein (AgRP) and GABA (NAG) are fundamental stimulators of hunger and food intake. NAG neurons also inhibit local satiety-promoting pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons. Agonists of the 1B subtype of metabotropic serotonin receptor (5-HT1BR) reduce food intake in part through the inhibition of hunger-promoting NAG neurons. We first confirmed that 5-HT1BR activation suppressed intake of a palatable Western diet in a mouse model of common dietary-induced obesity and genetically prone obesity. Next, we combined several electrophysiological approaches to analyse the effect of 5-HT1BRs in NAG neuron cell activity and GABA release. 5-HT1BR activation reduced NAG neuron action potential frequency and neurotransmitter release. We found that 5-HT1BR impact on GABA release from NAG neurons is mediated through voltage-gated Ca2+ channels with a critical input from glutamate receptors of AMPA subtype (AMPARs). As a fundamental outcome, this type of interplay provides an uncommon example of metabotropic action of AMPARs which regulates inhibitory signalling due to modulation of GABA release. As a translational outcome, our results provide a key mechanism through which 5-HT1BR drugs inhibit appetite-stimulating neurons within the brain to suppress food intake. This article is part of the Special Issue on "Ukrainian Neuroscience".
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olena Savchenko
- National Technical University of Ukraine "Igor Sikorsky KPI", Department of Biotechnology, 37 Beresteiskyi Ave., Kyiv, 03056, Ukraine
| | - Lora K Heisler
- Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Ashgrove Rd. West, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Sergiy Sylantyev
- Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Ashgrove Rd. West, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK; Odesa National Mechnikov University, Biological Department, 2 Shampansky Ln., Odesa, 65015, Ukraine.
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Dardiotis E, Skouras P, Varvarelis OP, Aloizou AM, Hernández AF, Liampas I, Rikos D, Dastamani M, Golokhvast KS, Bogdanos DP, Tsatsakis A, Siokas V, Mitsias PD, Hadjigeorgiou GM. Pesticides and tremor: An overview of association, mechanisms and confounders. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 229:115442. [PMID: 36758916 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are a heterogeneous class of chemicals mainly used for the protection of crops from pests. Because of their very widespread use, acute or/and chronic exposure to these chemicals can lead to a plethora of sequelae inflicting diseases, many of which involve the nervous system. Tremor has been associated with pesticide exposure in human and animal studies. This review is aimed at assessing the studies currently available on the association between the various types of pesticides/insecticides and tremor, while also accounting for potential confounding factors. To our knowledge, this is the first coherent review on the subject. After appraising the available evidence, we call for more intensive research on this topic, as well as intonate the need of implementing future preventive measures to protect the exposed populations and to reduce potential disabilities and social drawbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthimios Dardiotis
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa Greece, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
| | - Panagiotis Skouras
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa Greece, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Orfeas-Petros Varvarelis
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa Greece, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Athina-Maria Aloizou
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa Greece, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Antonio F Hernández
- Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of Granada School of Medicine, Granada, Spain; Health Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ioannis Liampas
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa Greece, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Rikos
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa Greece, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Metaxia Dastamani
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa Greece, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Kirill S Golokhvast
- Siberian Federal Scientific Center of Agrobiotechnology RAS, Krasnoobsk, Russia, 630501
| | - Dimitrios P Bogdanos
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Center of Toxicology Science & Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Vasileios Siokas
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa Greece, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Panayiotis D Mitsias
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Greece; Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Georgios M Hadjigeorgiou
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa Greece, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Multi-target action of β-alanine protects cerebellar tissue from ischemic damage. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:747. [PMID: 36038575 PMCID: PMC9424312 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05159-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Brain ischemic stroke is among the leading causes of death and long-term disability. New treatments that alleviate brain cell damage until blood supply is restored are urgently required. The emerging focus of anti-stroke strategies has been on blood-brain-barrier permeable drugs that exhibit multiple sites of action. Here, we combine single-cell electrophysiology with live-cell imaging to find that β-Alanine (β-Ala) protects key physiological functions of brain cells that are exposed to acute stroke-mimicking conditions in ex vivo brain preparations. β-Ala exerts its neuroprotective action through several distinct pharmacological mechanisms, none of which alone could reproduce the neuroprotective effect. Since β-Ala crosses the blood-brain barrier and is part of a normal human diet, we suggest that it has a strong potential for acute stroke treatment and facilitation of recovery.
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