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Chen XY, Yang W, Xue Y, Xie AM, Sun XR, Chen L. Orexin increases the neuronal excitability of several brain areas associated with maintaining of arousal. J Neurochem 2024. [PMID: 39092633 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Orexin is exclusively produced in neurons localized within the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) and perifornical area (PFA). Orexin has been identified as a key promotor of arousal. The selective loss of orexinergic neurons results in narcolepsy. It is known that the intrinsic electrophysiological properties are critical for neurons to perform their functions in corresponding brain regions. In addition to hypothalamic orexin, other brain nuclei are involved in the regulation of sleep and wakefulness. Quite a lot of studies focus on elucidating orexin-induced regulation of sleep-wake states and modulation of neuronal electrophysiological properties in several brain regions. Here, we summarize that the orexinergic neurons exhibit spontaneous firing activity which is associated with the states of sleep-wake cycle. Orexin mainly exerts postsynaptic excitatory effects on multiple brain nuclei associated with the process of sleep and wakefulness. This review may provide a background to guide future research about the cellular mechanisms of orexin-induced maintaining of arousal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yi Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wu Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Xue
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - An-Mu Xie
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiang-Rong Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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2
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Sanetra AM, Jeczmien-Lazur JS, Pradel K, Klich JD, Palus-Chramiec K, Janik ME, Bajkacz S, Izowit G, Nathan C, Piggins HD, Delogu A, Belle MD, Lewandowski MH, Chrobok L. A novel developmental critical period of orexinergic signaling in the primary visual thalamus. iScience 2024; 27:110352. [PMID: 39055917 PMCID: PMC11269934 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The orexinergic system of the lateral hypothalamus plays crucial roles in arousal, feeding behavior, and reward modulation. Most research has focused on adult rodents, overlooking orexins' potential role in the nervous system development. This study, using electrophysiological and molecular tools, highlights importance of orexinergic signaling in the postnatal development of the rodent dorsolateral geniculate nucleus (DLG), a primary visual thalamic center. Orexin activation of DLG thalamocortical neurons occurs in a brief seven-day window around eye-opening, concurrent to transient OX2 receptor expression. Blocking OX2 receptors during this period reduces sensitivity of DLG neurons to green and blue light and lowers spontaneous firing rates in adulthood. This research reveals critical and temporally confined role of orexin signaling in postnatal brain development, emphasizing its contribution to experience-dependent refinement in the DLG and its long-term impact on visual function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Sanetra
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jagoda S. Jeczmien-Lazur
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kamil Pradel
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
- Institute for Systems Physiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jasmin D. Klich
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Palus-Chramiec
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcelina E. Janik
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Sylwia Bajkacz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
- The Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Gabriela Izowit
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Christian Nathan
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- University of Exeter Medical School, Hatherly Labs, Streatham Campus, Prince of Wales Road, Exeter, Devon, UK
| | - Hugh D. Piggins
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Alessio Delogu
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Mino D.C. Belle
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- University of Exeter Medical School, Hatherly Labs, Streatham Campus, Prince of Wales Road, Exeter, Devon, UK
| | - Marian H. Lewandowski
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Lukasz Chrobok
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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3
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Cieslak PE, Drabik S, Gugula A, Trenk A, Gorkowska M, Przybylska K, Szumiec L, Kreiner G, Rodriguez Parkitna J, Blasiak A. Dopamine Receptor-Expressing Neurons Are Differently Distributed throughout Layers of the Motor Cortex to Control Dexterity. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0490-23.2023. [PMID: 38423792 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0490-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The motor cortex comprises the primary descending circuits for flexible control of voluntary movements and is critically involved in motor skill learning. Motor skill learning is impaired in patients with Parkinson's disease, but the precise mechanisms of motor control and skill learning are still not well understood. Here we have used transgenic mice, electrophysiology, in situ hybridization, and neural tract-tracing methods to target genetically defined cell types expressing D1 and D2 dopamine receptors in the motor cortex. We observed that putative D1 and D2 dopamine receptor-expressing neurons (D1+ and D2+, respectively) are organized in highly segregated, nonoverlapping populations. Moreover, based on ex vivo patch-clamp recordings, we showed that D1+ and D2+ cells have distinct morphological and electrophysiological properties. Finally, we observed that chemogenetic inhibition of D2+, but not D1+, neurons disrupts skilled forelimb reaching in adult mice. Overall, these results demonstrate that dopamine receptor-expressing cells in the motor cortex are highly segregated and play a specialized role in manual dexterity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemyslaw E Cieslak
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow 30-387, Poland
| | - Sylwia Drabik
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow 30-387, Poland
| | - Anna Gugula
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow 30-387, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Trenk
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow 30-387, Poland
| | - Martyna Gorkowska
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow 30-387, Poland
| | - Kinga Przybylska
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow 30-387, Poland
| | - Lukasz Szumiec
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow 31-343, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Kreiner
- Department of Brain Biochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow 31-343, Poland
| | - Jan Rodriguez Parkitna
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow 31-343, Poland
| | - Anna Blasiak
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow 30-387, Poland
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4
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Chang C, Vivekanandarajah A, Waters KA, Machaalani R. Cell death in the lateral geniculate nucleus, and its possible relationship with nicotinic receptors and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:4120-4131. [PMID: 37041306 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03332-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
The role of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) in vision has been extensively studied, yet its extraretinal capacities are still being investigated, including its role in arousal from sleep. The β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit is involved in the laminal organisation of the LGN with magnocellular (MC) and parvocellular (PC) neurons. Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) occurs during a sleep period and, neuropathologically, is associated with increased neuronal cell death and altered nAChRs. A recent qualitative pilot study from our group implicates the possibility of increased neuronal death/apoptosis in the SIDS LGN. The present study used quantitative analysis to report the baseline expression of apoptotic and nAChR subunits α7 and β2 in the PC and MC layers of the LGN, to determine correlations amongst these markers within layers and across layers, and to evaluate changes in the expression of these markers in the LGN of SIDS infants, along with associations with SIDS risk factors, such as age, sex, cigarette smoke exposure, bed-sharing, and presence of an upper respiratory tract infection (URTI). Tissue was immunohistochemically stained for cell death markers of active caspase-3 (Casp-3) and TUNEL, and for the α7 and β2 nAChR subunits. Amongst 43 cases of sudden and unexpected deaths in infancy (SUDI), classifications included explained deaths (eSUDI, n = 9), SIDS I (n = 5) and SIDS II (n = 29). Results indicated a strong correlation of the apoptotic markers and β2 nAChR subunit between the LGN layers, but not across the markers within the layers. Amongst the diagnostic groups, compared to eSUDI, the SIDS II cases had decreased Casp-3 expression while β2 nAChR expression was increased in both PC and MC layers. Amongst the SIDS risk factors, URTI and bed-sharing were associated with changes in neuronal death but not in the α7 and β2 markers. In conclusion, our findings do not support a role for the α7 and β2 nAChRs in apoptotic regulation of the LGN layers during infancy. However, for SIDS victims, an inverse correlation between the changes for markers of apoptosis and the β2 nAChR subunit expression suggests altered LGN function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Chang
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Arunnjah Vivekanandarajah
- Discipline of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Karen A Waters
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Rita Machaalani
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
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5
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Jeczmien-Lazur JS, Sanetra AM, Pradel K, Izowit G, Chrobok L, Palus-Chramiec K, Piggins HD, Lewandowski MH. Metabolic cues impact non-oscillatory intergeniculate leaflet and ventral lateral geniculate nucleus: standard versus high-fat diet comparative study. J Physiol 2023; 601:979-1016. [PMID: 36661095 DOI: 10.1113/jp283757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The intergeniculate leaflet and ventral lateral geniculate nucleus (IGL/VLG) are subcortical structures involved in entrainment of the brain's circadian system to photic and non-photic (e.g. metabolic and arousal) cues. Both receive information about environmental light from photoreceptors, exhibit infra-slow oscillations (ISO) in vivo, and connect to the master circadian clock. Although current evidence demonstrates that the IGL/VLG communicate metabolic information and are crucial for entrainment of circadian rhythms to time-restricted feeding, their sensitivity to food intake-related peptides has not been investigated yet. We examined the effect of metabolically relevant peptides on the spontaneous activity of IGL/VLG neurons. Using ex vivo and in vivo electrophysiological recordings as well as in situ hybridisation, we tested potential sensitivity of the IGL/VLG to anorexigenic and orexigenic peptides, such as cholecystokinin, glucagon-like peptide 1, oxyntomodulin, peptide YY, orexin A and ghrelin. We explored neuronal responses to these drugs during day and night, and in standard vs. high-fat diet conditions. We found that IGL/VLG neurons responded to all the substances tested, except peptide YY. Moreover, more neurons responded to anorexigenic drugs at night, while a high-fat diet affected the IGL/VLG sensitivity to orexigenic peptides. Interestingly, ISO neurons responded to light and orexin A, but did not respond to the other food intake-related peptides. In contrast, non-ISO cells were activated by metabolic peptides, with only some being responsive to light. Our results show for the first time that peptides involved in the body's energy homeostasis stimulate the thalamus and suggest functional separation of the IGL/VLG cells. KEY POINTS: The intergeniculate leaflet and ventral lateral geniculate nucleus (IGL/VLG) of the rodent thalamus process various signals and participate in circadian entrainment. In both structures, cells exhibiting infra-slow oscillatory activity as well as non-rhythmically firing neurons being observed. Here, we reveal that only one of these two groups of cells responds to anorexigenic (cholecystokinin, glucagon-like peptide 1 and oxyntomodulin) and orexigenic (ghrelin and orexin A) peptides. Neuronal responses vary depending on the time of day (day vs. night) and on the diet (standard vs. high-fat diet). Additionally, we visualised receptors to the tested peptides in the IGL/VLG using in situ hybridisation. Our results suggest that two electrophysiologically different subpopulations of IGL/VLG neurons are involved in two separate functions: one related to the body's energy homeostasis and one associated with the subcortical visual system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagoda S Jeczmien-Lazur
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna M Sanetra
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kamil Pradel
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Gabriela Izowit
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Lukasz Chrobok
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland.,School of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Katarzyna Palus-Chramiec
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Hugh D Piggins
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Marian H Lewandowski
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
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6
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Zong F, Min X, Zhang Y, Li Y, Zhang X, Liu Y, He K. Circadian time- and sleep-dependent modulation of cortical parvalbumin-positive inhibitory neurons. EMBO J 2023; 42:e111304. [PMID: 36477886 PMCID: PMC9890233 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022111304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parvalbumin-positive neurons (PVs) are the main class of inhibitory neurons in the mammalian central nervous system. By examining diurnal changes in synaptic and neuronal activity of PVs in the supragranular layer of the mouse primary visual cortex (V1), we found that both PV input and output are modulated in a time- and sleep-dependent manner throughout the 24-h day. We first show that PV-evoked inhibition is stronger by the end of the light cycle (ZT12) relative to the end of the dark cycle (ZT0), which is in line with the lower inhibitory input of PV neurons at ZT12 than at ZT0. Interestingly, PV inhibitory and excitatory synaptic transmission slowly oscillate in opposite directions during the light/dark cycle. Although excitatory synapses are predominantly regulated by experience, inhibitory synapses are regulated by sleep, via acetylcholine activating M1 receptors. Consistent with synaptic regulation of PVs, we further show in vivo that spontaneous PV activity displays daily rhythm mainly determined by visual experience, which negatively correlates with the activity cycle of surrounding pyramidal neurons and the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus-evoked responses in V1. These findings underscore the physiological significance of PV's daily modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang‐Jiao Zong
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Present address:
Qingdao University School of PharmacyQingdaoChina
| | - Xia Min
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yan Zhang
- Shanghai Open UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yu‐Ke Li
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xue‐Ting Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yang Liu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Kai‐Wen He
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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7
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Brock O, Gelegen C, Sully P, Salgarella I, Jager P, Menage L, Mehta I, Jęczmień-Łazur J, Djama D, Strother L, Coculla A, Vernon AC, Brickley S, Holland P, Cooke SF, Delogu A. A Role for Thalamic Projection GABAergic Neurons in Circadian Responses to Light. J Neurosci 2022; 42:9158-9179. [PMID: 36280260 PMCID: PMC9761691 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0112-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The thalamus is an important hub for sensory information and participates in sensory perception, regulation of attention, arousal and sleep. These functions are executed primarily by glutamatergic thalamocortical neurons that extend axons to the cortex and initiate cortico-thalamocortical connectional loops. However, the thalamus also contains projection GABAergic neurons that do not extend axons toward the cortex. Here, we have harnessed recent insight into the development of the intergeniculate leaflet (IGL) and the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus (LGv) to specifically target and manipulate thalamic projection GABAergic neurons in female and male mice. Our results show that thalamic GABAergic neurons of the IGL and LGv receive retinal input from diverse classes of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) but not from the M1 intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cell (ipRGC) type. We describe the synergistic role of the photoreceptor melanopsin and the thalamic neurons of the IGL/LGv in circadian entrainment to dim light. We identify a requirement for the thalamic IGL/LGv neurons in the rapid changes in vigilance states associated with circadian light transitions.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The intergeniculate leaflet (IGL) and ventral lateral geniculate nucleus (LGv) are part of the extended circadian system and mediate some nonimage-forming visual functions. Here, we show that each of these structures has a thalamic (dorsal) as well as prethalamic (ventral) developmental origin. We map the retinal input to thalamus-derived cells in the IGL/LGv complex and discover that while RGC input is dominant, this is not likely to originate from M1ipRGCs. We implicate thalamic cells in the IGL/LGv in vigilance state transitions at circadian light changes and in overt behavioral entrainment to dim light, the latter exacerbated by concomitant loss of melanopsin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Brock
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
| | - Cigdem Gelegen
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Sully
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Salgarella
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
| | - Polona Jager
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Menage
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
| | - Ishita Mehta
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
| | - Jagoda Jęczmień-Łazur
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
| | - Deyl Djama
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
- Department of Life Sciences and Centre for Neurotechnology, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren Strother
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
| | - Angelica Coculla
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony C Vernon
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Brickley
- Department of Life Sciences and Centre for Neurotechnology, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Holland
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
- Wolfson Centre for Age Related Disease, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel F Cooke
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Alessio Delogu
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
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8
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Chrobok L, Pradel K, Janik ME, Sanetra AM, Bubka M, Myung J, Ridla Rahim A, Klich JD, Jeczmien-Lazur JS, Palus-Chramiec K, Lewandowski MH. Intrinsic circadian timekeeping properties of the thalamic lateral geniculate nucleus. J Neurosci Res 2021; 99:3306-3324. [PMID: 34758124 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythmicity in mammals is sustained by the central brain clock-the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus (SCN), entrained to the ambient light-dark conditions through a dense retinal input. However, recent discoveries of autonomous clock gene expression cast doubt on the supremacy of the SCN and suggest circadian timekeeping mechanisms devolve to local brain clocks. Here, we use a combination of molecular, electrophysiological, and optogenetic tools to evaluate intrinsic clock properties of the main retinorecipient thalamic center-the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) in male rats and mice. We identify the dorsolateral geniculate nucleus as a slave oscillator, which exhibits core clock gene expression exclusively in vivo. Additionally, we provide compelling evidence for intrinsic clock gene expression accompanied by circadian variation in neuronal activity in the intergeniculate leaflet and ventrolateral geniculate nucleus (VLG). Finally, our optogenetic experiments propose the VLG as a light-entrainable oscillator, whose phase may be advanced by retinal input at the beginning of the projected night. Altogether, this study for the first time demonstrates autonomous timekeeping mechanisms shaping circadian physiology of the LGN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Chrobok
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kamil Pradel
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcelina Elzbieta Janik
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Magdalena Sanetra
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Bubka
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jihwan Myung
- Graduate Institute of Mind, Brain, and Consciousness, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Brain and Consciousness Research Centre, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Amalia Ridla Rahim
- Graduate Institute of Mind, Brain, and Consciousness, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Brain and Consciousness Research Centre, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jasmin Daniela Klich
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jagoda Stanislawa Jeczmien-Lazur
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Palus-Chramiec
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marian Henryk Lewandowski
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
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Chrobok L, Jeczmien-Lazur JS, Bubka M, Pradel K, Klekocinska A, Klich JD, Ridla Rahim A, Myung J, Kepczynski M, Lewandowski MH. Daily coordination of orexinergic gating in the rat superior colliculus-Implications for intrinsic clock activities in the visual system. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21930. [PMID: 34533886 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100779rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The orexinergic system delivers excitation for multiple brain centers to facilitate behavioral arousal, with its malfunction resulting in narcolepsy, somnolence, and notably, visual hallucinations. Since the circadian clock underlies the daily arousal, a timed coordination is expected between the orexin system and its target subcortical visual system, including the superior colliculus (SC). Here, we use a combination of electrophysiological, immunohistochemical, and molecular approaches across 24 h, together with the neuronal tract-tracing methods to investigate the daily coordination between the orexin system and the rodent SC. Higher orexinergic input was found to occur nocturnally in the superficial layers of the SC, in time for nocturnal silencing of spontaneous firing in this visual brain area. We identify autonomous daily and circadian expression of clock genes in the SC, which may underlie these day-night changes. Additionally, we establish the lateral hypothalamic origin of the orexin innervation to the SC and that the SC neurons robustly respond to orexin A via OX2 receptor in both excitatory and GABAA receptor-dependent inhibitory manners. Together, our evidence elucidates the combination of intrinsic and extrinsic clock mechanisms that shape the daily function of the visual layers of the SC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Chrobok
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jagoda Stanislawa Jeczmien-Lazur
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Bubka
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kamil Pradel
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Klekocinska
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jasmin Daniela Klich
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Amalia Ridla Rahim
- Graduate Institute of Mind, Brain, and Consciousness, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jihwan Myung
- Graduate Institute of Mind, Brain, and Consciousness, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Brain and Consciousness Research Centre, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Mariusz Kepczynski
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marian Henryk Lewandowski
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
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Chrobok L, Bajkacz S, Klich JD, Lewandowski MH. LC-MS/MS Analysis Elucidates a Daily Rhythm in Orexin A Concentration in the Rat Vitreous Body. Molecules 2021; 26:5036. [PMID: 34443622 PMCID: PMC8401233 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26165036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Orexins are two neuropeptides synthesised mainly in the brain lateral hypothalamic area. The orexinergic system provides arousal-dependent cues for a plethora of brain centres, playing a vital role in feeding behaviour, regulation of the sleep-wake cycle and circadian rhythms. Recently, orexins were found to be produced in the retina of an eye; however, their content in the vitreous body and possible daily pattern of expression have not yet been explored. In this manuscript, we describe the development and validation of a liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method designed for quantitative bioanalysis of orexin in the rat vitreous body. Orexin was extracted from vitreous body samples with a water:acetonitrile:formic acid (80:20:0.1; v/v/v) mixture followed by vortexing and centrifuging. Separation was performed on a reverse-phase HPLC column under gradient conditions. Orexin was analysed via multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) in the positive electrospray mode. The total analysis time for each sample was less than 5.0 min. Once the method was fully optimised, it was then validated, following the 2018 FDA guidance on bioanalytical method validations. The calibration curves for orexin (1-500 ng/mL) were constructed using a linear regression with a 1/x2 weighting. The lower limit of quantitation for orexin was 1.0 pg/mL for the vitreous body. Intra-day and inter-day estimates of accuracy and precision were within 10% of their nominal values, indicating that the method is reliable for quantitation of orexin in the rat vitreous body. From the physiological perspective, our results are the first to show daily rhythm of orexin synthesis by the retina with possible implications on the circadian regulation of vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Chrobok
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9 Street, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (J.D.K.); (M.H.L.)
| | - Sylwia Bajkacz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 6 Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- The Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8 Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Jasmin Daniela Klich
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9 Street, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (J.D.K.); (M.H.L.)
| | - Marian Henryk Lewandowski
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9 Street, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (J.D.K.); (M.H.L.)
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11
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Orexin A excites the rat olivary pretectal nucleus via OX 2 receptor in a daily manner. Brain Res 2021; 1768:147603. [PMID: 34331908 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pronounced environmental changes between the day and night led to evolution of specialised mechanisms organising their daily physiology, named circadian clocks. Currently, it has become clear that the master clock in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus is not an exclusive brain site to generate daily rhythms. Indeed, several brain areas, including the subcortical visual system have been recently shown to change their neuronal activity across the daily cycle. Here we focus our investigation on the olivary pretectal nucleus (OPN) - a retinorecipient structure primarily involved in the pupillary light reflex. Using the multi-electrode array technology ex vivo we provide evidence for OPN neurons to elevate their firing during the behaviourally quiescent light phase. Additionally, we report the robust responsivity to orexin A via the identified OX2 receptor in this pretectal centre, with higher responsiveness noted during the night. Interestingly, we likewise report a daily variation in the response to PAC1 receptor activation, with implications for the convergence of orexinergic and visual input on the same OPN neurons. Altogether, our report is first to suggest a daily modulation of the OPN activity via intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms, organising its temporal physiology.
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12
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Modulation of the Rat Intergeniculate Leaflet of the Thalamus Network by Norepinephrine. Neuroscience 2021; 469:1-16. [PMID: 34174371 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are regulated by a set of brain structures, one of which is the Intergeniculate Leaflet of the Thalamus (IGL). The most recognised role of the IGL is the integration of a variety of stimuli affecting rhythmicity, such as lighting conditions, received by the eye, or light-independent (non-photic) cues, the information about which is delivered via the activation of the non-specific projections. One of them is the norepinephrinergic system originating in the brainstem Locus Coeruleus (LC). In order to investigate the effect of norepinephrine (NE) on the IGL neurons we have performed ex vivo recordings using the extracellular multi-electrode array technique as well as the intracellular whole-cell patch clamp. Using both agonists and antagonists of specific NE receptor subtypes, we confirmed the presence of functional α1-, α2- and β-adrenergic receptors within the investigated structure, allowing NE to exert multiple types of effects on different IGL neurons, mainly depolarisation of the neurons projecting to the Suprachiasmatic Nuclei - the master circadian pacemaker, and various responses exhibited by the cells creating the connection with the contralateral IGL. Moreover, NE was shown to affect IGL cells both directly and via modulation of the synaptic network, in particular the miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first studies to confirm the effects of NE on the activity of the IGL network.
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13
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Chrobok L, Klich JD, Jeczmien-Lazur JS, Pradel K, Palus-Chramiec K, Sanetra AM, Piggins HD, Lewandowski MH. Daily changes in neuronal activities of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus under standard and high-fat diet. J Physiol 2021; 600:733-749. [PMID: 34053067 DOI: 10.1113/jp281596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Recently, we found that the dorsal vagal complex displays autonomous circadian timekeeping properties The dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) is an executory part of this complex - a source of parasympathetic innervation of the gastrointestinal tract Here, we reveal daily changes in the neuronal activities of the rat DMV, including firing rate, intrinsic excitability and synaptic input - all of these peaking in the late day Additionally, we establish that short term high-fat diet disrupts these daily rhythms, boosting the variability in the firing rate, but blunting the DMV responsiveness to ingestive cues These results help us better understand daily control over parasympathetic outflow and provide evidence on its dependence on the high-fat diet ABSTRACT: The suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus function as the brain's primary circadian clock, but circadian clock genes are also rhythmically expressed in several extra-SCN brain sites where they can exert local temporal control over physiology and behaviour. Recently, we found that the hindbrain dorsal vagal complex possesses strong daily timekeeping capabilities, with the area postrema and nucleus of the solitary tract exhibiting the most robust clock properties. The possibility that the executory part of this complex - the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) - also exhibits daily changes has not been extensively studied. The DMV is the source of vagal efferent motoneurons that regulate gastric motility and emptying and consequently influence meal size and energy homeostasis. We used a combination of multi-channel electrophysiology and patch clamp recordings to gain insight into effects of time of day and diet on these DMV cells. We found that DMV neurons increase their spontaneous activity, excitability and responsiveness to metabolic neuromodulators at late day and this was paralleled with an enhanced synaptic input to these neurons. A high-fat diet typically damps circadian rhythms, but we found that consumption of a high-fat diet paradoxically amplified daily variation of DMV neuronal activity, while blunting the neurons responsiveness to metabolic neuromodulators. In summary, we show for the first time that DMV neural activity changes with time of day, with this temporal variation modulated by diet. These findings have clear implications for our understanding of the daily control of vagal efferents and parasympathetic outflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Chrobok
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa Street 9, Krakow, 30-387, Poland
| | - Jasmin D Klich
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa Street 9, Krakow, 30-387, Poland
| | - Jagoda S Jeczmien-Lazur
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa Street 9, Krakow, 30-387, Poland
| | - Kamil Pradel
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa Street 9, Krakow, 30-387, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Palus-Chramiec
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa Street 9, Krakow, 30-387, Poland
| | - Anna M Sanetra
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa Street 9, Krakow, 30-387, Poland
| | - Hugh D Piggins
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Marian H Lewandowski
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa Street 9, Krakow, 30-387, Poland
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