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Binet ER, McKenna CF, Salvador AF, Martinez IG, Alamilla RA, Collao N, Bodnariuc G, Khan NA, Paluska SA, Burd NA, De Lisio M. Sex-based comparisons of muscle cellular adaptations after 10 weeks of progressive resistance training in middle-aged adults. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 134:116-129. [PMID: 36454678 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00274.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance training combined with adequate protein intake supports skeletal muscle strength and hypertrophy. These adaptations are supported by the action of muscle stem cells (MuSCs), which are regulated, in part, by fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) and circulating factors delivered through capillaries. It is unclear if middle-aged males and females have similar adaptations to resistance training at the cellular level. To address this gap, 27 (13 males, 14 females) middle-aged (40-64 yr) adults participated in 10 wk of whole body resistance training with dietary counseling. Muscle biopsies were collected from the vastus lateralis pre- and posttraining. Type II fiber cross-sectional area increased similarly with training in both sexes (P = 0.014). MuSC content was not altered with training; however, training increased PDGFRα+/CD90+ FAP content (P < 0.0001) and reduced PDGFRα+/CD90- FAP content (P = 0.044), independent of sex. The number of CD31+ capillaries per fiber also increased similarly in both sexes (P < 0.05). These results suggest that muscle fiber hypertrophy, stem/progenitor cell, and capillary adaptations are similar between middle-aged males and females in response to whole body resistance training.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We demonstrate that resistance training-induced increases in fiber hypertrophy, FAP content, and capillarization are similar between middle-aged males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emileigh R Binet
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Colleen F McKenna
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Amadeo F Salvador
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Isabel G Martinez
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Rafael A Alamilla
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Nicolas Collao
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Giana Bodnariuc
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Naiman A Khan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.,Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Scott A Paluska
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Nicholas A Burd
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.,Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Michael De Lisio
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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McKenna CF, Salvador AF, Keeble AR, Khan NA, De Lisio M, Konopka AR, Paluska SA, Burd NA. Muscle strength after resistance training correlates to mediators of muscle mass and mitochondrial respiration in middle-aged adults. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 133:572-584. [PMID: 35834627 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00186.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle aging is a multi-dimensional pathology of atrophy, reduced strength, and oxidative damage. While some molecular targets may mediate both hypertrophic and oxidative adaptations in muscle, their responsiveness in humans and relationship with functional outcomes like strength remain unclear. Promising therapeutic targets to combat muscle aging like apelin, vitamin D receptor (VDR), and spermine oxidase (SMOX) have been investigated in preclinical models but the adaptive response in humans is not well defined. In an exploratory investigation, we examined how strength gains with resistance training relate to regulators of both muscle mass and oxidative function in middle-aged adults. Forty-one middle-aged adults (18M, 23F; 50±7y; 27.8±3.7kg/m2; mean±SD) participated in a 10-week resistance training intervention. Muscle biopsies and plasma were sampled at baseline and post-intervention. High-resolution fluo-respirometry was performed on a subset of muscle tissue. Apelin signaling (plasma apelin, P=0.002; Apln mRNA, P<0.001; apelin receptor mRNA Aplnr, P=0.001) increased with resistance training. Muscle Vdr mRNA (P=0.007) and Smox mRNA (P=0.027) were also upregulated after the intervention. Mitochondrial respiratory capacity increased (Vmax, oxidative phosphorylation, and uncoupled electron transport system, P<0.050), yet there were no changes in ADP sensitivity (Km P=0.579), hydrogen peroxide emission (P=0.469), nor transcriptional signals for mitochondrial biogenesis (nuclear respiratory factor 2, Gapba P=0.766) and mitofusion (mitochondrial dynamin like GTPase, Opa1 P=0.072). Muscular strength with resistance training positively correlated to Apln, Aplnr, Vdr, and Smox transcriptional adaptations, as well as mitochondrial respiratory capacity (unadjusted P<0.050, r=0.400-0.781). Further research is required to understand the interrelationships of these targets with aged muscle phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen F McKenna
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Amadeo F Salvador
- Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Alexander R Keeble
- Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Naiman A Khan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.,Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.,Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Michael De Lisio
- School of Human Kinetics and Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adam R Konopka
- Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Scott A Paluska
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Nicholas A Burd
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.,Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
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Pavis GF, Jameson TSO, Blackwell JR, Fulford J, Abdelrahman DR, Murton AJ, Alamdari N, Mikus CR, Wall BT, Stephens FB. Daily protein-polyphenol ingestion increases daily myofibrillar protein synthesis rates and promotes early muscle functional gains during resistance training. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2022; 322:E231-E249. [PMID: 35037473 PMCID: PMC8897029 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00328.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Factors underpinning the time-course of resistance-type exercise training (RET) adaptations are not fully understood. This study hypothesized that consuming a twice-daily protein-polyphenol beverage (PPB; n = 15; age, 24 ± 1 yr; BMI, 22.3 ± 0.7 kg·m-2) previously shown to accelerate recovery from muscle damage and increase daily myofibrillar protein synthesis (MyoPS) rates would accelerate early (10 sessions) improvements in muscle function and potentiate quadriceps volume and muscle fiber cross-sectional area (fCSA) following 30 unilateral RET sessions in healthy, recreationally active, adults. Versus isocaloric placebo (PLA; n = 14; age, 25 ± 2 yr; BMI, 23.9 ± 1.0 kg·m-2), PPB increased 48 h MyoPS rates after the first RET session measured using deuterated water (2.01 ± 0.15 vs. 1.51 ± 0.16%·day-1, respectively; P < 0.05). In addition, PPB increased isokinetic muscle function over 10 sessions of training relative to the untrained control leg (%U) from 99.9 ± 1.8 pretraining to 107.2 ± 2.4%U at session 10 (vs. 102.6 ± 3.9 to 100.8 ± 2.4%U at session 10 in PLA; interaction P < 0.05). Pre to posttraining, PPB increased type II fCSA (PLA: 120.8 ± 8.2 to 109.5 ± 8.6%U; PPB: 92.8 ± 6.2 to 108.4 ± 9.7%U; interaction P < 0.05), but the gain in quadriceps muscle volume was similar between groups. Similarly, PPB did not further increase peak isometric torque, muscle function, or MyoPS measured posttraining. This suggests that although PPB increases MyoPS and early adaptation, it may not influence longer term adaptations to unilateral RET.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Using a unilateral model of resistance training, we show for the first time that a protein-polyphenol beverage increases initial rates of myofibrillar protein synthesis and promotes early functional improvements. Following a prolonged period of training, this strategy also increases type II fiber hypertrophy and causes large individual variation in gains in quadricep muscle cross-sectional area.
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Affiliation(s)
- George F Pavis
- Nutritional Physiology Research Group, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Tom S O Jameson
- Nutritional Physiology Research Group, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie R Blackwell
- Nutritional Physiology Research Group, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Fulford
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Doaa R Abdelrahman
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
- Sealy Center of Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Andrew J Murton
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
- Sealy Center of Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | | | | | - Benjamin T Wall
- Nutritional Physiology Research Group, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Francis B Stephens
- Nutritional Physiology Research Group, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
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