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Takahashi Y, Fujiwara T, Yamaguchi T, Matsunaga H, Kawakami M, Honaga K, Mizuno K, Liu M. Voluntary contraction enhances spinal reciprocal inhibition induced by patterned electrical stimulation in patients with stroke. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2018; 36:99-105. [PMID: 29439361 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-170759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reciprocal inhibition (RI) may be important for recovering locomotion after stroke. Patterned electrical stimulation (PES) can modulate RI in a manner that could be enhanced by voluntary muscle contraction (VC). OBJECTIVE To investigate whether VC enhances the PES-induced spinal RI in patients with stroke. METHODS Twelve patients with chronic stroke underwent three 20 min tasks, each on different days: (1) PES (10 pulses, 100 Hz every 2 s) applied to the common peroneal nerve; (2) VC consisting of isometric contraction of the affected-side tibialis anterior muscle; (3) PES combined with VC (PES + VC). RI from the tibialis anterior to the soleus muscle was assessed before, immediately after, and 10, 20, and 30 min after the task. RESULTS Compared to the baseline, PES + VC significantly increased the changes in reciprocal inhibition at immediately after and 10 min after the task. PES alone significantly increased this change immediately after the task, while VC alone showed no significant increase. CONCLUSION VC enhanced the PES-induced plastic changes in RI in patients with stroke. This effect can potentially increase the success rate of newer neurorehabilitative approaches in achieving functional recovery after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Takahashi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Tokyo Bay Rehabilitation Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Fujiwara
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Yamaguchi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Physical Therapy, Yamagata Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Yamagata, Japan.,JSPS Overseas Research Fellow.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Michiyuki Kawakami
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Honaga
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Tokyo Bay Rehabilitation Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Mizuno
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Meigen Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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The effects of patterned electrical stimulation combined with voluntary contraction on spinal reciprocal inhibition in healthy individuals. Neuroreport 2018; 28:434-438. [PMID: 28383320 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000000777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of voluntary contraction (VC) on the modulation of reciprocal inhibition induced by patterned electrical stimulation (PES) in healthy individuals. Twelve healthy volunteers participated in this study. PES was applied to the common peroneal nerve with a train of 10 pulses at 100 Hz every 2 s for 20 min. VC comprised repetitive ankle dorsiflexion at a frequency of 0.5 Hz for 20 min. All participants performed the following three tasks: (i) VC alone, (ii) PES alone, and (iii) PES combined with VC (PES+VC). Reciprocal inhibition was assessed using a soleus H-reflex conditioning-test paradigm at the time points of before, immediately after, 10 min after, 20 min after, and 30 min after the tasks. PES+VC increased the amount of reciprocal inhibition, with after-effects lasting up to 20 min. PES alone increased reciprocal inhibition and maintained the after-effects on reciprocal inhibition for 10 min, whereas VC alone increased only immediately after the task. VC could modulate the plastic changes in spinal reciprocal inhibition induced by PES in healthy individuals. PES combined with VC has a potential to modulate impaired reciprocal inhibition and it may facilitate functional recovery and improve locomotion after central nervous system lesions.
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Anticipatory Inhibition of EMG Activity of the Human M. Soleus at Voluntary Contraction of Its Antagonists. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11062-018-9714-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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YANAGISAWA N. Functions and dysfunctions of the basal ganglia in humans. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2018; 94:275-304. [PMID: 30078828 PMCID: PMC6117491 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.94.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Involuntary movements and parkinsonism have been interesting and important topics in neurology since the last century. The development of anatomical and physiological studies of the neural circuitry of motor systems has encouraged the study of movement disorders by means of pathophysiology and brain imaging.Multichannel electromyography from affected muscles has generated objective and analytical data on chorea, ballism, athetosis, and dystonia. Studies using floor reaction forces revealed the pathophysiology of freezing of gait in parkinsonism. Akinesia and bradykinesia are attributable to dysfunctions in the basal ganglia, frontal lobe, and parieto-occipital visual association cortex.Reciprocal innervation is an essential mechanism of smooth voluntary movement. Spinal reflexes on reciprocal innervation has been investigated in awake humans, and the pathophysiology of spasticity and Parkinson's disease were revealed as a result. Clinical applications for the treatment and evaluation of status have been developed.For future studies, detailed neural mechanisms underlying the development of motor disorders in basal ganglia diseases and recovery by interventions including surgery and neurorehabilitation are important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuo YANAGISAWA
- President, All Japan Labour Welfare Foundation, Japan
- President Emeritus, Kanto Rosai Hospital, Japan
- Professor Emeritus, Shinshu University, Japan
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Kobayashi S, Hayashi M, Shinozaki K, Nito M, Hashizume W, Miyasaka T, Shindo M, Naito A. Oligosynaptic inhibition of group I afferents between the brachioradialis and flexor carpi radialis in humans. Neurosci Res 2016; 110:37-42. [PMID: 26996830 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Spinal reflex arcs mediated by low threshold afferents between the brachioradialis (BR) and flexor carpi radialis (FCR) were studied in eleven healthy human subjects using a post-stimulus time-histogram method. Electrical conditioning stimuli (ES) to the radial nerve branch innervating BR with the intensity below the motor threshold (MT) induced an early and significant trough (inhibition) in 32/85 FCR motor units (MUs) in 9/9 subjects. Such inhibition was never provoked by cutaneous stimulation. The central synaptic delay (CSD) of the inhibition was approximately 1.1ms longer than that of the homonymous FCR facilitation. ES to the median nerve branch innervating FCR with the intensity below MT induced an inhibition in 27/71 BR-MUs in 10/10 subjects. CSD of the inhibition was about 1.1ms longer than that of the homonymous BR facilitation. These findings suggest that inhibition between BR and FCR exists in humans. Group I afferents seem to mediate the inhibition through an oligo(di or tri)-synaptic path.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Kobayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | | | - Mitsuhiro Nito
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Science, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Wataru Hashizume
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Science, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Takuji Miyasaka
- Department of Judo Therapy, Teikyo University Faculty of Medical Technology, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | - Masaomi Shindo
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Matsumoto University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Akira Naito
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Science, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan.
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Kubota S, Uehara K, Morishita T, Hirano M, Funase K. Inter-individual variation in reciprocal Ia inhibition is dependent on the descending volleys delivered from corticospinal neurons to Ia interneurons. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2013; 24:46-51. [PMID: 24321700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We investigated the extent to which the corticospinal inputs delivered to Ia inhibitory interneurons influence the strength of disynaptic reciprocal Ia inhibition. METHODS Seventeen healthy subjects participated in this study. The degree of reciprocal Ia inhibition was determined via short-latency (condition-test interval: 1-3ms) suppression of Sol H-reflex by conditioning stimulation of common peroneal nerve. The effect of corticospinal descending inputs on Ia inhibitory interneurons was assessed by evaluating the conditioning effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on the Sol H-reflex. Then, we determined the relationship between the degree of reciprocal Ia inhibition and the conditioning effect of TMS on the Sol H-reflex. RESULT We found that the degree of reciprocal Ia inhibition and the extent of change in the amplitude of the TMS-conditioned H-reflex, which was measured from short latency facilitation to inhibition, displayed a strong correlation (r=0.76, p<0.01) in the resting conditions. CONCLUSION The extent of reciprocal Ia inhibition is affected by the corticospinal descending inputs delivered to Ia inhibitory interneurons, which might explain the inter-individual variations in reciprocal Ia inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Kubota
- Human Motor Control Laboratory, Department of Human Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Uehara
- Human Motor Control Laboratory, Department of Human Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan; Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Morishita
- Human Motor Control Laboratory, Department of Human Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan; Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Hirano
- Human Motor Control Laboratory, Department of Human Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
| | - Kozo Funase
- Human Motor Control Laboratory, Department of Human Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan.
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Hamm K, Alexander CM. Challenging presumptions: Is reciprocal inhibition truly reciprocal? A study of reciprocal inhibition between knee extensors and flexors in humans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 15:388-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.math.2010.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2009] [Revised: 12/14/2009] [Accepted: 03/06/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Leonard CT, Sandholdt DY, McMillan JA, Queen S. Short- and long-latency contributions to reciprocal inhibition during various levels of muscle contraction of individuals with cerebral palsy. J Child Neurol 2006; 21:240-6. [PMID: 16901427 DOI: 10.2310/7010.2006.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Deficits in reciprocal inhibition likely contribute to excessive antagonist muscle cocontraction during voluntary movements of individuals with cerebral palsy. This study examined neural contributions to reciprocal inhibition of the soleus motoneurons of individuals with spastic, diplegic cerebral palsy and nondisabled individuals during various levels of voluntary tibialis anterior contraction. A condition-test H-reflex paradigm examined short- and long-latency contributions to reciprocal inhibition of soleus neural pools during changing levels of voluntary tibialis anterior contraction. Electrically induced short- and long-latency inhibition was similar between healthy, neurologically intact control subjects and subjects with cerebral palsy during rest. With increasing levels of tibialis anterior contraction, control subjects experienced increasing levels of soleus motoneuron inhibition, especially of long-latency inhibitory responses. In contrast, there was no evidence of modulation of short- or long-latency inhibition with increasing levels of tibialis anterior contraction among subjects with cerebral palsy. Deficits in long-latency (presynaptic) inhibition appear to contribute prominently to voluntary movement impairment of individuals with cerebral palsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles T Leonard
- Physical Therapy Department, The Motor Control Research Laboratory, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA.
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Floeter MK. Chapter 16 Spinal reflexes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-4231(09)70164-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
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Leonard CT, Sandholdt DY, McMillan JA. Long-latency contributions to reciprocal inhibition during various levels of muscle contraction. Brain Res 1999; 817:1-12. [PMID: 9889297 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(98)01096-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Reciprocal inhibition is a functional term and refers to the proportional decrease in antagonist motoneuron activity that accompanies an agonist contraction. A condition-test (C-T) H-reflex paradigm (conditioned stimulus applied to the common peroneal nerve; test reflex elicited by posterior tibial nerve stimulation) was used during: (1) rest, (2) a tonic isometric tibialis anterior (TA) contraction at 10% of its maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and, (3) a TA contraction at 25% MVC. The purpose of the study was to assess whether or not long-latency contributions to reciprocal inhibition of soleus H-reflexes changed with increasing levels of TA contraction. C-T intervals ranged from 5 to 150 ms. Subjects (n=14) had long-latency inhibition at rest (x = -35.0 +/- 18.7%). This inhibition was enhanced during 10% (x = -46.1 +/- 17.9%; p = 0.17) and 25% MVCs (x = -56.3 +/- 14.0%; p < 0.01). Findings indicate that long-latency contributions to reciprocal inhibition of the soleus motoneuron pool are enhanced with increasing force of TA muscle contraction up to 25% MVC. These results indicate that long-latency contributions to reciprocal inhibition of soleus H-reflexes are not static but rather are task-specific and change in relation to levels of TA muscle activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Leonard
- Motor Control Research Laboratory, Physical Therapy Department, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812,
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