Tolstykh GP, Thompson GL, Beier HT, Steelman ZA, Ibey BL. nsPEF-induced PIP
2 depletion, PLC activity and actin cytoskeletal cortex remodeling are responsible for post-exposure cellular swelling and blebbing.
Biochem Biophys Rep 2016;
9:36-41. [PMID:
28955986 PMCID:
PMC5614542 DOI:
10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.11.005]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell swelling and blebbing has been commonly observed following nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) exposure. The hypothesized origin of these effects is nanoporation of the plasma membrane (PM) followed by transmembrane diffusion of extracellular fluid and disassembly of cortical actin structures. This investigation will provide evidence that shows passive movement of fluid into the cell through nanopores and increase of intracellular osmotic pressure are not solely responsible for this observed phenomena. We demonstrate that phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) depletion and hydrolysis are critical steps in the chain reaction leading to cellular blebbing and swelling. PIP2 is heavily involved in osmoregulation by modulation of ion channels and also serves as an intracellular membrane anchor to cortical actin and phospholipase C (PLC). Given the rather critical role that PIP2 depletion appears to play in the response of cells to nsPEF exposure, it remains unclear how its downstream effects and, specifically, ion channel regulation may contribute to cellular swelling, blebbing, and unknown mechanisms of the lasting “permeabilization” of the PM.
Nanosecond electric pulses (nsEPs) of high amplitude induce hydrolysis of PIP2.
PLC activation is leading to post-exposure cellular swelling and blebbing.
Ion channels modulation and nanoporation are responsible for cellular swelling.
Cortical actin dissociation after PIP2 depletion is critical for cellular blebbing.
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