1
|
Jessen S, Reitelseder S, Kalsen A, Kreiberg M, Onslev J, Gad A, Ørtenblad N, Backer V, Holm L, Bangsbo J, Hostrup M. β 2-Adrenergic agonist salbutamol augments hypertrophy in MHCIIa fibers and sprint mean power output but not muscle force during 11 weeks of resistance training in young men. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 130:617-626. [PMID: 33357007 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00553.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined the effect of β2-agonist salbutamol at oral doses during a period of resistance training on sprint performance, quadriceps contractile function, skeletal muscle hypertrophy, fiber type composition, maximal activity of enzymes of importance for anaerobic energy turnover, and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ handling in young men. Twenty-six men (23 ± 2 yr; means ± SD) were randomized to daily intake of oral salbutamol (16 mg/day; RES+SAL) or placebo (RES) during 11 wk of full-body resistance training 3 times/wk. Mean power output during 10-s maximal cycling increased more (P = 0.027) in RES+SAL (+12%) than in RES (+7%), whereas peak power output increased similarly (RES+SAL: +8%; RES: +7%; P = 0.400). Quadriceps dynamic peak torque and maximal voluntary isometric torque increased by 13 and 14% (P ≤ 0.001) in RES+SAL and 13 and 13% (P ≤ 0.001) in RES, respectively. Myosin heavy-chain (MHC) isoform distribution transitioned from MHCI and MHCIIx toward MHCIIa in RES+SAL (P = 0.002), but not in RES (P = 0.323). MHCIIa cross-sectional-area increased more (P = 0.040) in RES+SAL (+35%) than RES (+21%). Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release rate increased in both groups (RES+SAL: +9%, P = 0.048; RES: +13%, P = 0.008), whereas Ca2+-uptake rate increased only in RES (+12%, P = 0.022) but was not different from the nonsignificant change in RES+SAL (+2%, P = 0.484). Maximal activity of lactate dehydrogenase increased only in RES+SAL (+13%, P = 0.008). Muscle content of the dihydropyridine receptor, ryanodine receptor 1, and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase isoform 1 and 2 did not change with the intervention in either group (P ≥ 0.100). These observations indicate that the enhancement of sprint mean power output induced by salbutamol is at least partly attributed to greater hypertrophy of MHCIIa fibers and transition toward the MHCIIa isoform.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Here, we show that daily oral treatment with selective β2-agonist salbutamol induces muscle fiber isoform transition from myosin-heavy-chain (MHC)-I toward MHCIIa and augments hypertrophy of MHCIIa fibers during a period of resistance training. Compared with placebo, salbutamol enhanced sprint mean power output, whereas peak power output and measures of muscle strength increased similarly during the resistance training period despite augmented hypertrophy with salbutamol. Thus, salbutamol is a muscle anabolic drug that can enhance sprint ability adaptations to resistance training.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Søren Jessen
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Reitelseder
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Kalsen
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Kreiberg
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johan Onslev
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Gad
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Ørtenblad
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Vibeke Backer
- Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Denmark.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery & Audiology, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Holm
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jens Bangsbo
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Hostrup
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Reggiani C, Schiaffino S. Muscle hypertrophy and muscle strength: dependent or independent variables? A provocative review. Eur J Transl Myol 2020; 30:9311. [PMID: 33117512 PMCID: PMC7582410 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2020.9311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The question whether the muscle hypertrophy induced by resistance training, hormone administration or genetic manipulation is accompanied by a proportional increase in muscle strength is still open. This review summarizes and analyses data obtained in human and rodent muscles in studies that have monitored in parallel changes in muscle size and changes in muscle force, measured in isometric contractions in vivo, in isolated muscles ex vivo (in rodents) and in single muscle fibers. Although a general positive relation exists among the two variables, a number of studies show a clear dissociation with increase of muscle size with no change or even decrease in strength and, vice versa, increase in strength without increase in size. The possible mechanisms of such dissociation, which involves neural motor control and/or cellular and molecular adaptations of muscle fibers, are briefly discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Reggiani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of the University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Science and Research Centre Koper, Institute for Kinesiology Research, Koper, Slovenia
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kristina Parr M, Müller-Schöll A. Pharmacology of doping agents—mechanisms promoting muscle hypertrophy. AIMS MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.3934/molsci.2018.2.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
|
4
|
Demangel R, Treffel L, Py G, Brioche T, Pagano AF, Bareille MP, Beck A, Pessemesse L, Candau R, Gharib C, Chopard A, Millet C. Early structural and functional signature of 3-day human skeletal muscle disuse using the dry immersion model. J Physiol 2017; 595:4301-4315. [PMID: 28326563 DOI: 10.1113/jp273895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Our study contributes to the characterization of muscle loss and weakness processes induced by a sedentary life style, chronic hypoactivity, clinical bed rest, immobilization and microgravity. This study, by bringing together integrated and cellular evaluation of muscle structure and function, identifies the early functional markers and biomarkers of muscle deconditioning. Three days of muscle disuse in healthy adult subjects is sufficient to significantly decrease muscle mass, tone and force, and to induce changes in function relating to a weakness in aerobic metabolism and muscle fibre denervation. The outcomes of this study should be considered in the development of an early muscle loss prevention programme and/or the development of pre-conditioning programmes required before clinical bed rest, immobilization and spaceflight travel. ABSTRACT Microgravity and hypoactivity are associated with skeletal muscle deconditioning. The decrease of muscle mass follows an exponential decay, with major changes in the first days. The purpose of the study was to dissect out the effects of a short-term 3-day dry immersion (DI) on human quadriceps muscle function and structure. The DI model, by suppressing all support zones, accurately reproduces the effects of microgravity. Twelve healthy volunteers (32 ± 5 years) completed 3 days of DI. Muscle function was investigated through maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) tests and muscle viscoelasticity. Structural experiments were performed using MRI analysis and invasive experiments on muscle fibres. Our results indicated a significant 9.1% decrease of the normalized MVC constant (P = 0.048). Contraction and relaxation modelization kinetics reported modifications related to torque generation (kACT = -29%; P = 0.014) and to the relaxation phase (kREL = +34%; P = 0.040) after 3 days of DI. Muscle viscoelasticity was also altered. From day one, rectus femoris stiffness and tone decreased by, respectively, 7.3% (P = 0.002) and 10.2% (P = 0.002), and rectus femoris elasticity decreased by 31.5% (P = 0.004) after 3 days of DI. At the cellular level, 3 days of DI translated into a significant atrophy of type I muscle fibres (-10.6 ± 12.1%, P = 0.027) and an increased proportion of hybrid, type I/IIX fibre co-expression. Finally, we report an increase (6-fold; P = 0.002) in NCAM+ muscle fibres, showing an early denervation process. This study is the first to report experiments performed in Europe investigating human short-term DI-induced muscle adaptations, and contributes to deciphering the early changes and biomarkers of skeletal muscle deconditioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Demangel
- Université de Montpellier, INRA, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Montpellier, France
| | - Loïc Treffel
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7178, Strasbourg, France
| | - Guillaume Py
- Université de Montpellier, INRA, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Montpellier, France
| | - Thomas Brioche
- Université de Montpellier, INRA, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Montpellier, France
| | - Allan F Pagano
- Université de Montpellier, INRA, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Arnaud Beck
- Institute for Space Medicine and Physiology (MEDES), Toulouse, France
| | - Laurence Pessemesse
- Université de Montpellier, INRA, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Montpellier, France
| | - Robin Candau
- Université de Montpellier, INRA, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Angèle Chopard
- Université de Montpellier, INRA, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Montpellier, France
| | - Catherine Millet
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Service d'Odontologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ohnuki Y, Umeki D, Mototani Y, Shiozawa K, Nariyama M, Ito A, Kawamura N, Yagisawa Y, Jin H, Cai W, Suita K, Saeki Y, Fujita T, Ishikawa Y, Okumura S. Role of phosphodiesterase 4 expression in the Epac1 signaling-dependent skeletal muscle hypertrophic action of clenbuterol. Physiol Rep 2016; 4:4/10/e12791. [PMID: 27207782 PMCID: PMC4886163 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Clenbuterol (CB), a selective β2-adrenergic receptor (AR) agonist, induces muscle hypertrophy and counteracts muscle atrophy. However, it is paradoxically less effective in slow-twitch muscle than in fast-twitch muscle, though slow-twitch muscle has a greater density of β-AR We recently demonstrated that Epac1 (exchange protein activated by cyclic AMP [cAMP]1) plays a pivotal role in β2-AR-mediated masseter muscle hypertrophy through activation of the Akt and calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII)/histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) signaling pathways. Here, we investigated the role of Epac1 in the differential hypertrophic effect of CB using tibialis anterior muscle (TA; typical fast-twitch muscle) and soleus muscle (SOL; typical slow-twitch muscle) of wild-type (WT) and Epac1-null mice (Epac1KO). The TA mass to tibial length (TL) ratio was similar in WT and Epac1KO at baseline and was significantly increased after CB infusion in WT, but not in Epac1KO The SOL mass to TL ratio was also similar in WT and Epac1KO at baseline, but CB-induced hypertrophy was suppressed in both mice. In order to understand the mechanism involved, we measured the protein expression levels of β-AR signaling-related molecules, and found that phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) expression was 12-fold greater in SOL than in TA These results are consistent with the idea that increased PDE4-mediated cAMP hydrolysis occurs in SOL compared to TA, resulting in a reduced cAMP concentration that is insufficient to activate Epac1 and its downstream Akt and CaMKII/HDAC4 hypertrophic signaling pathways in SOL of WT This scenario can account for the differential effects of CB on fast- and slow-twitch muscles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Ohnuki
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Daisuke Umeki
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan Department of Orthodontics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Mototani
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kouichi Shiozawa
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Megumi Nariyama
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Aiko Ito
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan Department of Orthodontics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Naoya Kawamura
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan Department of Periodontology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuka Yagisawa
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan Department of Orthodontics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Huiling Jin
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Wenqian Cai
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kenji Suita
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasutake Saeki
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takayuki Fujita
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ishikawa
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Okumura
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hostrup M, Kalsen A, Onslev J, Jessen S, Haase C, Habib S, Ørtenblad N, Backer V, Bangsbo J. Mechanisms underlying enhancements in muscle force and power output during maximal cycle ergometer exercise induced by chronic β2-adrenergic stimulation in men. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2015; 119:475-86. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00319.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The study was a randomized placebo-controlled trial investigating mechanisms by which chronic β2-adrenergic stimulation enhances muscle force and power output during maximal cycle ergometer exercise in young men. Eighteen trained men were assigned to an experimental group [oral terbutaline 5 mg/30 kg body weight (bw) twice daily (TER); n = 9] or a control group [placebo (PLA); n = 9] for a 4-wk intervention. No changes were observed with the intervention in PLA. Isometric muscle force of the quadriceps increased ( P ≤ 0.01) by 97 ± 29 N (means ± SE) with the intervention in TER compared with PLA. Peak and mean power output during 30 s of maximal cycling increased ( P ≤ 0.01) by 32 ± 8 and 25 ± 9 W, respectively, with the intervention in TER compared with PLA. Maximal oxygen consumption (V̇o2max) and time to fatigue during incremental cycling did not change with the intervention. Lean body mass increased by 1.95 ± 0.8 kg ( P ≤ 0.05) with the intervention in TER compared with PLA. Change in single fiber cross-sectional area of myosin heavy chain (MHC) I (1,205 ± 558 μm2; P ≤ 0.01) and MHC II fibers (1,277 ± 595 μm2; P ≤ 0.05) of the vastus lateralis muscle was higher for TER than PLA with the intervention, whereas no changes were observed in MHC isoform distribution. Expression of muscle proteins involved in growth, ion handling, lactate production, and clearance increased ( P ≤ 0.05) with the intervention in TER compared with PLA, with no change in oxidative enzymes. Our observations suggest that muscle hypertrophy is the primary mechanism underlying enhancements in muscle force and peak power during maximal cycling induced by chronic β2-adrenergic stimulation in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morten Hostrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section of Integrated Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Respiratory Research, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Kalsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section of Integrated Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Respiratory Research, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johan Onslev
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section of Integrated Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Respiratory Research, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Jessen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section of Integrated Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Respiratory Research, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christoffer Haase
- Department of Respiratory Research, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sajad Habib
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section of Integrated Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Ørtenblad
- Department of Sports Science and Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; and
- Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Vibeke Backer
- Department of Respiratory Research, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Bangsbo
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section of Integrated Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|