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Johnson CC, Dzewaltowski AC, Dever DE, Krajewski KT, Rai A, Ahamed NU, Allison KF, Flanagan SD, Graham SM, Lovalekar M, Anderst WJ, Connaboy C. Load carriage changes tibiofemoral arthrokinematics during ambulatory tasks in recruit-aged women. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9542. [PMID: 38664550 PMCID: PMC11045865 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60187-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The introduction of women into U.S. military ground close combat roles requires research into sex-specific effects of military training and operational activities. Knee osteoarthritis is prevalent among military service members; its progression has been linked to occupational tasks such as load carriage. Analyzing tibiofemoral arthrokinematics during load carriage is important to understand potentially injurious motion and osteoarthritis progression. The study purpose was to identify effects of load carriage on knee arthrokinematics during walking and running in recruit-aged women. Twelve healthy recruit-aged women walked and ran while unloaded (bodyweight [BW]) and carrying additional + 25%BW and + 45%BW. Using dynamic biplane radiography and subject-specific bone models, tibiofemoral arthrokinematics, subchondral joint space and center of closest contact location between subchondral bone surfaces were analyzed over 0-30% stance (separate one-way repeated measures analysis of variance, load by locomotion). While walking, medial compartment contact location was 5% (~ 1.6 mm) more medial for BW than + 45%BW at foot strike (p = 0.03). While running, medial compartment contact location was 4% (~ 1.3 mm) more lateral during BW than + 25%BW at 30% stance (p = 0.04). Internal rotation was greater at + 45%BW compared to + 25%BW (p < 0.01) at 30% stance. Carried load affects tibiofemoral arthrokinematics in recruit-aged women. Prolonged load carriage could increase the risk of degenerative joint injury in physically active women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille C Johnson
- Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Orthopaedic Biodynamics Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alex C Dzewaltowski
- Center of Lower Extremity Ambulatory Research, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine & Science, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dennis E Dever
- Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kellen T Krajewski
- Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ajinkya Rai
- Orthopaedic Biodynamics Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nizam U Ahamed
- Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Katelyn F Allison
- Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shawn D Flanagan
- Center of Lower Extremity Ambulatory Research, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine & Science, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Scott M Graham
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Mita Lovalekar
- Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - William J Anderst
- Orthopaedic Biodynamics Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Chris Connaboy
- Center of Lower Extremity Ambulatory Research, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine & Science, Chicago, IL, USA.
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2
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Ahn J, Choi H, Lee H, Lee J, Kim HD. Novel Multi-View RGB Sensor for Continuous Motion Analysis in Kinetic Chain Exercises: A Pilot Study for Simultaneous Validity and Intra-Test Reliability. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:9635. [PMID: 38139481 PMCID: PMC10747447 DOI: 10.3390/s23249635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
As the number of musculoskeletal disorders caused by smartphone usage, sedentary lifestyles, and active sports activities increases, there is a growing demand for precise and accurate measurement and evaluation of issues such as incorrect compensation patterns, asymmetrical posture, and limited joint operation range. Urgent development of new inspection equipment is necessary to address issues such as convenience, economic feasibility, and post-processing difficulties. Using 4DEYE®, a new multi-view red, green, and blue (RGB) sensor-based motion analysis equipment, and the VICON® ratio, which are infrared-based markers, we conducted a comparative analysis of the simultaneous validity of the joint angle (trajectory) and reliability. In this study, five healthy participants who could perform movements were selected for the pilot study and two movements (Y-balance and side dip) were analyzed. In addition, the ICC (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient) was analyzed using the SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) V.18 while the number of data frames of each equipment was equalized using the MATLAB program. The results revealed that side dips, which are open kinetic chain exercises (intraclass correlation coefficient ICC(2.1), 0.895-0.996), showed very high concordance with the Y-balance test, a closed kinetic chain exercise (ICC(2.1), 0.678-0.990). The joint measurement results were similar regardless of the movement in the open or closed kinetic chain exercise, confirming the high reliability of the newly developed multiview RGB sensor. This is of great significance because we obtained important and fundamental results that can be used in various patterns of exercise movements in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghoon Ahn
- Department of Health Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (J.A.); (H.C.)
| | - Hongtaek Choi
- Department of Health Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (J.A.); (H.C.)
| | - Heehwa Lee
- Department of Sports Convergence, Sangmyung University, Cheonan 31066, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jinyoung Lee
- Department of Green Chemical Engineering, Sangmyung University, Cheonan 31066, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong-Dong Kim
- Department of Health Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (J.A.); (H.C.)
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Niesen AE, Hull ML. State of the Art in Radiostereometric Analysis for Tibial Baseplate Migration and Future Research Directions. J Biomech Eng 2023; 145:120801. [PMID: 37792485 DOI: 10.1115/1.4063626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Radiostereometric analysis (RSA) measures movement (migration) of a baseplate relative to the underlying tibia after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and has been used extensively to evaluate safety of new implant designs and/or surgical techniques regarding baseplate loosening. Because RSA is a complex methodology which involves various choices that researchers make, including whether to use marker-based or model-based methods, which migration metric to report, how to relate short-term migrations to long-term risk, and how these choices impact error, the objectives of this review were to: (1) lay out a comprehensive structure illustrating the multiple components/considerations for RSA and their interrelations, (2) review components of the structure using the latest RSA literature, and (3) use the preceding review as a context for identifying future areas of study. The components to be reviewed were structured using the following topics: type of RSA, migration metrics, sources of error, studies/reports of error, stability limits, and studies of error in stability limits. Based on the current RSA literature and knowledge gaps which exist, the following future research directions were identified: (1) revising the ISO standard to require reporting of clinical measurement error (bias) and recommending use of a local baseplate coordinate system, (2) identifying the migration metric and associated threshold most predictive of baseplate loosening for individual patients, (3) creating a method for data sharing to improve individual patient diagnostics, and (4) determining an appropriate stability limit for model-based RSA for group stability and individual patient diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail E Niesen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Maury L Hull
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Davis Medical Center, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3800, Sacramento, CA 95817
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4
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Xu C, Aloi N, Gale T, Nishida K, Fu F, Anderst W. Symmetry in knee arthrokinematics in healthy collegiate athletes during fast running and drop jump revealed through dynamic biplane radiography. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2023; 31:1501-1514. [PMID: 37394227 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2023.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Changes in cartilage contact area and/or contact location after knee injury can initiate and exacerbate cartilage degeneration. Typically, the contralateral knee is used as a surrogate for native cartilage contact patterns on the injured knee. However, symmetry in cartilage contact patterns between healthy knees during high-impact activities is unknown. METHOD Tibiofemoral kinematics were measured on 19 collegiate athletes during fast running and drop jump using dynamic biplane radiography and a validated registration process that matched computed tomography (CT)-based bone models to the biplane radiographs. Cartilage contact area and location were measured with participant-specific magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based cartilage models superimposed on the CT-based bone models. Symmetry in cartilage contact area and location was assessed by the absolute side-to-side differences (SSD) within participants. RESULTS The SSD in contact area during running (7.7 ± 6.1% and 8.0 ± 4.6% in the medial and lateral compartments, respectively) was greater than during drop jump (4.2 ± 3.7% and 5.7 ± 2.6%, respectively) (95% CI of the difference: medial [2.4%, 6.6%], lateral [1.5%, 4.9%]). The average SSD in contact location was 3.5 mm or less in the anterior-posterior (AP) direction and 2.1 mm or less in the medial-lateral (ML) direction on the femur and tibia for both activities. The SSD in AP contact location on the femur was greater during running than during drop jump (95% CI of the difference: medial [1.6 mm, 3.6 mm], lateral [0.6 mm, 1.9 mm]). CONCLUSION This study provides context for interpreting results from previous studies on tibiofemoral arthrokinematics. Previously reported differences between ligament-repaired and contralateral knee arthrokinematics fall within the range of typical SSDs observed in healthy athletes. Previously reported arthrokinematics differences that exceed SSDs found in these healthy athletes occur only in the presence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficiency or meniscectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiqi Xu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China; Biodynamics Lab, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nicholas Aloi
- University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Biodynamics Lab, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tom Gale
- Biodynamics Lab, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; University of Pittsburgh, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kyohei Nishida
- Biodynamics Lab, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Freddie Fu
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - William Anderst
- Biodynamics Lab, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; University of Pittsburgh, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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5
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Zdero R, Brzozowski P, Schemitsch EH. Experimental Methods for Studying the Contact Mechanics of Joints. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:4914082. [PMID: 37780487 PMCID: PMC10541306 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4914082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Biomechanics researchers often experimentally measure static or fluctuating dynamic contact forces, areas, and stresses at the interface of natural and artificial joints, including the shoulders, elbows, hips, and knees. This information helps explain joint contact mechanics, as well as mechanisms that may contribute to disease, damage, and degradation. Currently, the most common in vitro experimental technique involves a thin pressure-sensitive film inserted into the joint space; but, the film's finite thickness disturbs the joint's ordinary articulation. Similarly, the most common in vivo experimental technique uses video recording of 3D limb motion combined with dynamic analysis of a 3D link-segment model to calculate joint contact force, but this does not provide joint contact area or stress distribution. Moreover, many researchers may be unaware of older or newer alternative techniques that may be more suitable for their particular research application. Thus, this article surveys over 50 years of English-language scientific literature in order to (a) describe the basic working principles, advantages, and disadvantages of each technique, (b) examine the trends among the studies and methods, and (c) make recommendations for future directions. This article will hopefully inform biomechanics investigators about various in vitro and in vivo experimental methods for studying the contact mechanics of joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radovan Zdero
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics Lab, Victoria Hospital, London, Canada
| | | | - Emil H. Schemitsch
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics Lab, Victoria Hospital, London, Canada
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Western University, London, Canada
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6
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Song K, Hullfish TJ, Scattone Silva R, Silbernagel KG, Baxter JR. Markerless motion capture estimates of lower extremity kinematics and kinetics are comparable to marker-based across 8 movements. J Biomech 2023; 157:111751. [PMID: 37552921 PMCID: PMC10494994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2023.111751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Motion analysis is essential for assessing in-vivo human biomechanics. Marker-based motion capture is the standard to analyze human motion, but the inherent inaccuracy and practical challenges limit its utility in large-scale and real-world applications. Markerless motion capture has shown promise to overcome these practical barriers. However, its fidelity in quantifying joint kinematics and kinetics has not been verified across multiple common human movements. In this study, we concurrently captured marker-based and markerless motion data on 10 healthy study participants performing 8 daily living and exercise movements. We calculated the correlation (Rxy) and root-mean-square difference (RMSD) between markerless and marker-based estimates of ankle dorsi-plantarflexion, knee flexion, and three-dimensional hip kinematics (angles) and kinetics (moments) during each movement. Estimates from markerless motion capture matched closely with marker-based in ankle and knee joint angles (Rxy ≥ 0.877, RMSD ≤ 5.9°) and moments (Rxy ≥ 0.934, RMSD ≤ 2.66 % height × weight). High outcome comparability means the practical benefits of markerless motion capture can simplify experiments and facilitate large-scale analyses. Hip angles and moments demonstrated more differences between the two systems (RMSD: 6.7-15.9° and up to 7.15 % height × weight), especially during rapid movements such as running. Markerless motion capture appears to improve the accuracy of hip-related measures, yet more research is needed for validation. We encourage the biomechanics community to continue verifying, validating, and establishing best practices for markerless motion capture, which holds exciting potential to advance collaborative biomechanical research and expand real-world assessments needed for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Song
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Todd J Hullfish
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rodrigo Scattone Silva
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA; Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Physical Therapy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Santa Cruz, Brazil
| | | | - Josh R Baxter
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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7
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Demuth OE, Herbst E, Polet DT, Wiseman ALA, Hutchinson JR. Modern three-dimensional digital methods for studying locomotor biomechanics in tetrapods. J Exp Biol 2023; 226:jeb245132. [PMID: 36810943 PMCID: PMC10042237 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.245132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Here, we review the modern interface of three-dimensional (3D) empirical (e.g. motion capture) and theoretical (e.g. modelling and simulation) approaches to the study of terrestrial locomotion using appendages in tetrapod vertebrates. These tools span a spectrum from more empirical approaches such as XROMM, to potentially more intermediate approaches such as finite element analysis, to more theoretical approaches such as dynamic musculoskeletal simulations or conceptual models. These methods have much in common beyond the importance of 3D digital technologies, and are powerfully synergistic when integrated, opening a wide range of hypotheses that can be tested. We discuss the pitfalls and challenges of these 3D methods, leading to consideration of the problems and potential in their current and future usage. The tools (hardware and software) and approaches (e.g. methods for using hardware and software) in the 3D analysis of tetrapod locomotion have matured to the point where now we can use this integration to answer questions we could never have tackled 20 years ago, and apply insights gleaned from them to other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver E. Demuth
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, UK
| | - Eva Herbst
- Palaeontological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Delyle T. Polet
- Structure and Motion Laboratory, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Ashleigh L. A. Wiseman
- McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3ER, UK
| | - John R. Hutchinson
- Structure and Motion Laboratory, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, AL9 7TA, UK
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8
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Song K, Hullfish TJ, Silva RS, Silbernagel KG, Baxter JR. Markerless motion capture estimates of lower extremity kinematics and kinetics are comparable to marker-based across 8 movements. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.21.526496. [PMID: 36865211 PMCID: PMC9980110 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.21.526496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Motion analysis is essential for assessing in-vivo human biomechanics. Marker-based motion capture is the standard to analyze human motion, but the inherent inaccuracy and practical challenges limit its utility in large-scale and real-world applications. Markerless motion capture has shown promise to overcome these practical barriers. However, its fidelity in quantifying joint kinematics and kinetics has not been verified across multiple common human movements. In this study, we concurrently captured marker-based and markerless motion data on 10 healthy subjects performing 8 daily living and exercise movements. We calculated the correlation (R xy ) and root-mean-square difference (RMSD) between markerless and marker-based estimates of ankle dorsi-plantarflexion, knee flexion, and three-dimensional hip kinematics (angles) and kinetics (moments) during each movement. Estimates from markerless motion capture matched closely with marker-based in ankle and knee joint angles (R xy ≥ 0.877, RMSD ≤ 5.9°) and moments (R xy ≥ 0.934, RMSD ≤ 2.66 % height × weight). High outcome comparability means the practical benefits of markerless motion capture can simplify experiments and facilitate large-scale analyses. Hip angles and moments demonstrated more differences between the two systems (RMSD: 6.7° - 15.9° and up to 7.15 % height × weight), especially during rapid movements such as running. Markerless motion capture appears to improve the accuracy of hip-related measures, yet more research is needed for validation. We encourage the biomechanics community to continue verifying, validating, and establishing best practices for markerless motion capture, which holds exciting potential to advance collaborative biomechanical research and expand real-world assessments needed for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Song
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Todd J. Hullfish
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rodrigo Scattone Silva
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Physical Therapy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Santa Cruz, Brazil
| | | | - Josh R. Baxter
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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9
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Byrapogu VK, Gale T, Hamlin B, Urish KL, Anderst W. Medial Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty Restores Native Knee Kinematics During Activities of Daily Living: A Pilot Study. Ann Biomed Eng 2023; 51:308-317. [PMID: 35852649 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-022-03021-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The ability of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) to restore native knee kinematics during activities of daily living remains unclear. The objectives of this prospective study were to identify changes in knee kinematics after medial UKA (mUKA) and to determine if mUKA restores native knee kinematics during activities of daily living. We hypothesized that kinematics are different between the mUKA knee and contralateral knee before surgery, that mUKA restores native knee kinematics, and that mUKA does not affect lateral compartment dynamic joint space. Nine participants performed walking, chair rise, stair ascent and stair descent within a biplane radiography system before and after mUKA. Bilateral knee kinematics were determined for each activity using a validated tracking process that matched subject-specific bones and implants to the biplane radiographs. Compared to contralateral knee, the pre-UKA knee was more adducted (p ≤ 0.019), and more laterally translated (p ≤ 0.008) during all four activities. Additionally, compared to contralateral knee, pre-UKA knee was less internally rotated (p ≤ 0.044) during chair rise and stair ascent. Lateral compartment dynamic joint space did not change during any activity from pre to post mUKA. Our results indicate that mUKA generally restores native kinematics during activities of daily living without altering lateral compartment dynamic joint space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata K Byrapogu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Biodynamics Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh, 3820 South Water Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15206, USA
| | - Tom Gale
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Biodynamics Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh, 3820 South Water Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15206, USA
| | - Brian Hamlin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Biodynamics Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh, 3820 South Water Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15206, USA.,The Bone & Joint Center, Magee-Womens Hospital of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kenneth L Urish
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Biodynamics Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh, 3820 South Water Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15206, USA.,The Bone & Joint Center, Magee-Womens Hospital of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Arthritis and Arthroplasty Design Group, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, and Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - William Anderst
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Biodynamics Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh, 3820 South Water Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15206, USA.
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10
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Monsees A, Voit KM, Wallace DJ, Sawinski J, Charyasz E, Scheffler K, Macke JH, Kerr JND. Estimation of skeletal kinematics in freely moving rodents. Nat Methods 2022; 19:1500-1509. [PMID: 36253644 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-022-01634-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Forming a complete picture of the relationship between neural activity and skeletal kinematics requires quantification of skeletal joint biomechanics during free behavior; however, without detailed knowledge of the underlying skeletal motion, inferring limb kinematics using surface-tracking approaches is difficult, especially for animals where the relationship between the surface and underlying skeleton changes during motion. Here we developed a videography-based method enabling detailed three-dimensional kinematic quantification of an anatomically defined skeleton in untethered freely behaving rats and mice. This skeleton-based model was constrained using anatomical principles and joint motion limits and provided skeletal pose estimates for a range of body sizes, even when limbs were occluded. Model-inferred limb positions and joint kinematics during gait and gap-crossing behaviors were verified by direct measurement of either limb placement or limb kinematics using inertial measurement units. Together we show that complex decision-making behaviors can be accurately reconstructed at the level of skeletal kinematics using our anatomically constrained model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Monsees
- Department of Behavior and Brain Organization, Max Planck Institute for Neurobiology of Behavior, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Kay-Michael Voit
- Department of Behavior and Brain Organization, Max Planck Institute for Neurobiology of Behavior, Bonn, Germany
| | - Damian J Wallace
- Department of Behavior and Brain Organization, Max Planck Institute for Neurobiology of Behavior, Bonn, Germany
| | - Juergen Sawinski
- Department of Behavior and Brain Organization, Max Planck Institute for Neurobiology of Behavior, Bonn, Germany
| | - Edyta Charyasz
- High-Field MR Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.,Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- High-Field MR Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.,Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jakob H Macke
- Machine Learning in Science, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Empirical Inference, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jason N D Kerr
- Department of Behavior and Brain Organization, Max Planck Institute for Neurobiology of Behavior, Bonn, Germany.
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11
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Munsch MA, LaBaze D, Pitcairn S, Piva SR, Anderst WJ. Differences between men and women in coupled subtalar and tibiofemoral joint kinematics during gait revealed through dynamic biplane radiography. J Biomech 2022; 141:111222. [PMID: 35878456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2022.111222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that subtalar and tibiofemoral kinematics are coupled, such that abnormal subtalar inversion during the impact and push-off portions of stance may affect tibial rotation, leading to abnormal compensatory knee motion. This study aimed to characterize tibiofemoral and subtalar coupled motion and to determine if sex-dependent differences exist in lower extremity coupled motion. Twenty young adults were imaged at 100 frames/s using dynamic biplane radiography while walking. Lower extremity CT scans were obtained and segmented into subject-specific 3D bone models. Digitally reconstructed radiographs generated from the models were matched to the biplane radiographs via a validated tracking process to obtain tibiofemoral and subtalar joint kinematics. Subtalar inversion/eversion was strongly associated with tibiofemoral internal/external rotation and tibiofemoral ab/adduction during impact and push-off (P < 0.001). Men reached neutral subtalar and tibiofemoral orientation at midstance, while women remained more inverted at the subtalar joint and more externally rotated at the tibiofemoral joint. The rate of tibiofemoral ab/adduction to subtalar eversion differed between sexes during push-off (P = 0.005). Women underwent subtalar inversion, as well as tibiofemoral internal rotation and adduction during push-off, while men underwent only subtalar inversion and tibiofemoral internal rotation, with effectively no tibiofemoral adduction. These results provide the first quantitative evidence characterizing subtalar and tibiofemoral coupled motion. Differences in coupled motion trajectories between men and women may be associated with the higher incidence of knee-related pathology in women. These novel findings may serve as a standard for comparison when evaluating patients with patellofemoral pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Munsch
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Dukens LaBaze
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Samuel Pitcairn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Sara R Piva
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - William J Anderst
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
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12
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Jürgens-Lahnstein JH, Petersen ET, Laursen M, Hauskov Iversen C, Kaptein BL, Lindgren L, Stilling M. Development, construction, and validation of a thinner uniplanar calibration cage for radiostereometry. J Orthop Res 2022; 40:1645-1653. [PMID: 34664740 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Radiostereometric analysis (RSA) is an accurate and precise radiographic method that can be used to measure micromotion of implants and study joint kinematics in vivo. A calibration cage with radiopaque markers is used to calibrate the RSA images; however, the thickness (250 mm) of the calibration cage restricts the available area for the patient and equipment during RSA recordings. A thinner calibration cage would increase the recording area, facilitate handling of the cage, and ease integration of the cage with the RSA system. We developed a thinner calibration cage without compromise of accuracy and precision. First, we performed numerical simulations of an RSA system, and showed that the calibration cage thickness could be decreased to 140 mm maintaining accuracy and precision using 40 fiducial and 30 control markers. Second, we constructed a new calibration cage (NRT cage) according to the simulation results. Third, we validated the new calibration cage against two state-of-the-art calibration cages (Umeaa cage and Leiden cage) in a phantom study. All cages performed similar for marker-based analysis, except for y-rotation, where the Umeaa cage (SD = 0.064 mm) was less precise compared to the NRT (SD = 0.038 mm) and Leiden cages (0.042 mm) (p = .01). For model-based analysis the NRT cage had superior precision for translations (SD ≤ 0.054 mm) over the Leiden cage (SD ≤ 0.118 mm) and Umeaa cage (SD ≤ 0.093 mm) (p < .01). The combined study confirmed that the new and thinner calibration cage maintained accuracy and precision at the level of existing thicker calibration cages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emil Toft Petersen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mogens Laursen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Bart L Kaptein
- Department of Orthopaedics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lars Lindgren
- Department of Radiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Maiken Stilling
- Department of Orthopaedics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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13
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Vogl F, Schütz P, Postolka B, List R, Taylor W. Personalised pose estimation from single-plane moving fluoroscope images using deep convolutional neural networks. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270596. [PMID: 35749482 PMCID: PMC9231734 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Measuring joint kinematics is a key requirement for a plethora of biomechanical research and applications. While x-ray based systems avoid the soft-tissue artefacts arising in skin-based measurement systems, extracting the object’s pose (translation and rotation) from the x-ray images is a time-consuming and expensive task. Based on about 106’000 annotated images of knee implants, collected over the last decade with our moving fluoroscope during activities of daily living, we trained a deep-learning model to automatically estimate the 6D poses for the femoral and tibial implant components. By pretraining a single stage of our architecture using renderings of the implant geometries, our approach offers personalised predictions of the implant poses, even for unseen subjects. Our approach predicted the pose of both implant components better than about 0.75 mm (in-plane translation), 25 mm (out-of-plane translation), and 2° (all Euler-angle rotations) over 50% of the test samples. When evaluating over 90% of test samples, which included heavy occlusions and low contrast images, translation performance was better than 1.5 mm (in-plane) and 30 mm (out-of-plane), while rotations were predicted better than 3−4°. Importantly, this approach now allows for pose estimation in a fully automated manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Vogl
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Pascal Schütz
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Renate List
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - William Taylor
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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14
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Jun BJ, Ricchetti ET, Haladik J, Bey MJ, Patterson TE, Subhas N, Li ZM, Iannotti JP. Validation of a 3D CT imaging method for quantifying implant migration following anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty. J Orthop Res 2022; 40:1270-1280. [PMID: 34436796 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Glenoid component loosening remains a common complication following anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA); however, plain radiographs are unable to accurately detect early implant migration. The purpose of this study was to validate the accuracy of a method of postoperative, three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) imaging with metal artifact reduction (MAR) to detect glenoid component migration following anatomic TSA. Tantalum bead markers were inserted into polyethylene glenoid components for implant detection on 3D CT. In-vitro validation was performed using a glenoid component placed into a scapula sawbone and incrementally translated and rotated, with MAR 3D CT acquired at each test position. Accuracy was evaluated by root mean square error (RMSE). In-vivo validation was performed on six patients who underwent anatomic TSA, with two postoperative CT scans acquired in each patient and marker-based radiostereometric analysis (RSA) performed on the same days. Glenoid component migration was calculated relative to a scapular coordinate system for both MAR 3D CT and RSA. Accuracy was evaluated by RMSE and paired Student's t-tests. The largest RMSE on in-vitro testing was 0.24 mm in translation and 0.11° in rotation, and on in-vivo testing was 0.47 mm in translation and 1.04° in rotation. There were no significant differences between MAR 3D CT and RSA measurement methods. MAR 3D CT imaging is capable of quantifying glenoid component migration with a high level of accuracy. MAR 3D CT imaging is advantageous over RSA because it is readily available clinically and can also be used to evaluate the implant-bone interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong-Jae Jun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Eric T Ricchetti
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeffrey Haladik
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Bone & Joint Center, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Michael J Bey
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Bone & Joint Center, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Thomas E Patterson
- Department of Cerebrovascular Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Naveen Subhas
- Department of Radiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Zong-Ming Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Joseph P Iannotti
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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15
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Mazdarani P, Pedram MS, Miles JE. Effect of center of angulation of rotation-based leveling osteotomy on ex vivo stifle joint stability following cranial cruciate ligament transection and medial meniscal release with and without a hamstring load. Vet Surg 2022; 51:940-951. [PMID: 35289413 PMCID: PMC9546295 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the effect of center of rotation of angulation (CORA)‐based leveling osteotomy (CBLO) and hamstring load on stifle stability following cranial cruciate ligament transection (CCLx) and medial meniscal release (MMR). Study design Ex vivo experimental study. Sample population Cadaver hind limb preparations (n = 7). Methods After instrumentation, constant quadriceps and gastrocnemius loads with an optional hamstring load in a 3:1:0.6 ratio were applied, and stifles were extended from fully flexed using an electrical motor during fluoroscopic recording. The recording process was repeated after each of CCLx, MMR and CBLO and the extracted landmark coordinates were used for calculation of cranial tibial translation (CTT) and patellar ligament angle (PTA). Results Mean initial tibial plateau angle was 28.1°: post‐CBLO the mean was 9.7°. Cranial tibial translation developed from 50° and 75° with CCLx and MMR respectively (p < .04, < .02) without hamstring loading. Hamstring loading mitigated CTT due to CCLx and delayed CTT until 120° for MMR (P < .02) in this model. CBLO prevented CTT, except at 140° without hamstring loading (P = .01). Similar results were seen for PTA, but CBLO curves were parallel to and lower than intact values at all tested angles (P < .04), consistent with induced effective joint flexion. Conclusion CBLO to a target tibial plateau angle of 10° largely eliminated CTT induced by CCLx and MMR. Hamstring loads of 20% quadriceps load improved stifle stability in this model. Impact Stifle stability following CBLO appears to be multifactorial and depends on meniscal integrity, joint angle, and hamstring strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Mazdarani
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Mir Sepehr Pedram
- Department of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - James E Miles
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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16
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Lawrence RL, Ruder MC, Zauel R, Jalics A, Olszewski AM, Diefenbach BJ, Moutzouros V, Makhni EC, Muh S, Bey MJ. In Vivo Static Retraction and Dynamic Elongation of Rotator Cuff Repair Tissue After Surgical Repair: A Preliminary Analysis at 3 Months. Orthop J Sports Med 2022; 10:23259671221084294. [PMID: 35387360 PMCID: PMC8978322 DOI: 10.1177/23259671221084294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Rotator cuff repair is a common orthopaedic procedure that provides pain relief for many patients, but unfortunately, an estimated 20% to 70% of repair procedures will fail. Previous research has shown that elongation (ie, retraction) of a repaired tendon is common even in patients with a repair construct that appears intact on magnetic resonance imaging. However, it is unknown how this repair tissue functions under dynamic conditions. Purpose: To quantify static retraction and maximum dynamic elongation of repair tissue after rotator cuff repair. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Data from 9 patients were analyzed for this study. During surgery, a 3.1-mm tantalum bead was sutured to the supraspinatus tendon, medial to the repair site. Glenohumeral kinematics were assessed at 1 week (static) and 3 months (static and during scapular-plane abduction) after surgery using a biplanar videoradiographic system. The 3-dimensional position of the bead was calculated relative to the tendon’s insertion on the humerus (ie, bead-to-insertion distance). Static retraction was calculated as the change in the bead-to-insertion distance under static conditions between 1 week and 3 months after surgery, and maximum dynamic elongation was calculated as the maximal positive change in the bead-to-insertion distance during dynamic motion relative to the start of motion. The magnitudes of static retraction and maximum dynamic elongation were assessed with 1-sample t tests. Results: At 3 months after surgery, static retraction occurred in all patients by a mean of 10.0 ± 9.1 mm (P = .01 compared with no elongation). During scapular-plane abduction, maximum dynamic elongation averaged 1.4 ± 1.0 mm (P < .01 compared with no elongation). Descriptively, dynamic elongation consistently took 1 of 2 forms: an initial increase in the bead-to-insertion distance (mean, 2.0 ± 0.6 mm) before decreasing until the end of motion or an immediate and substantial decrease in the bead-to-insertion distance at the onset of motion. Conclusion: Repair tissue elongation (static retraction and maximum dynamic elongation) appeared to be a common and significant finding at 3 months after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Dynamic elongation of repair tissue during scapular-plane abduction exhibited 1 of 2 distinct patterns, which may suggest different patterns of supraspinatus mechanical and neuromuscular function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew C Ruder
- Bone & Joint Center, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Roger Zauel
- Bone & Joint Center, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Alena Jalics
- Bone & Joint Center, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Adam M Olszewski
- Bone & Joint Center, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Vasilios Moutzouros
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Eric C Makhni
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Stephanie Muh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Michael J Bey
- Bone & Joint Center, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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17
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Nishida K, Gale T, Chiba D, Suntaxi F, Lesniak B, Fu F, Anderst W, Musahl V. The effect of lateral extra-articular tenodesis on in vivo cartilage contact in combined anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2022; 30:61-70. [PMID: 33580345 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-021-06480-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LET) may confer improved rotational stability after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Little is known about how LET affects in vivo cartilage contact after ACLR. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of LET in combination with ACLR (ACLR + LET) on in vivo cartilage contact kinematics compared to isolated ACLR (ACLR) during downhill running. It was hypothesised that cartilage contact area in the lateral compartment would be larger in ACLR + LET compared with ACLR, and that the anterior-posterior (A-P) position of the contact center on the lateral tibia would be more anterior after ACLR + LET than after ACLR. METHODS Twenty patients were randomly assigned into ACLR + LET or ACLR during surgery (ClinicalTrials.gov:NCT02913404). At 6 months and 12 months after surgery, participants were imaged during downhill running using biplane radiography. Tibiofemoral motion was tracked using a validated registration process. Patient-specific cartilage models, obtained from 3 T MRI, were registered to track bone models and used to calculate the dynamic cartilage contact area and center of cartilage contact in both the medial and lateral tibiofemoral compartments, respectively. The side-to-side differences (SSD) were compared between groups using a Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS At 6 months after surgery, the SSD in A-P cartilage contact center in ACLR + LET (3.9 ± 2.6 mm, 4.4 ± 3.1 mm) was larger than in ACLR (1.2 ± 1.6 mm, 1.5 ± 2.0 mm) at 10% and 20% of the gait cycle, respectively (p < 0.01, p < 0.05). There was no difference in the SSD in cartilage contact center at 12 months after surgery. There was no difference in SSD of cartilage contact area in the medial and lateral compartments at both 6 and 12 months after surgery. There were no adverse events during the trial. CONCLUSION LET in combination with ACLR may affect the cartilage contact center during downhill running in the early post-operation phase, but this effect is lost in the longer term. This suggests that healing and neuromuscular adaptation occur over time and may also indicate a dampening of the effect of LET over time. (337 /350 words) LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyohei Nishida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UPMC Freddie Fu Sports Medicine Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.,Biodynamics Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh, Rivertech Building Complex, 3820 South Water Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15203, USA
| | - Tom Gale
- Biodynamics Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh, Rivertech Building Complex, 3820 South Water Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15203, USA
| | - Daisuke Chiba
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UPMC Freddie Fu Sports Medicine Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Biodynamics Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh, Rivertech Building Complex, 3820 South Water Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15203, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Felipe Suntaxi
- Biodynamics Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh, Rivertech Building Complex, 3820 South Water Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15203, USA
| | - Bryson Lesniak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UPMC Freddie Fu Sports Medicine Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Freddie Fu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UPMC Freddie Fu Sports Medicine Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - William Anderst
- Biodynamics Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh, Rivertech Building Complex, 3820 South Water Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15203, USA.
| | - Volker Musahl
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UPMC Freddie Fu Sports Medicine Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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18
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Phan CB, Lee KM, Kwon SS, Koo S. Kinematic instability in the joints of flatfoot subjects during walking: A biplanar fluoroscopic study. J Biomech 2021; 127:110681. [PMID: 34438290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal foot kinematics is observed in flatfoot subjects with postural foot deformity. We aimed to investigate joint instability in flatfoot subjects by analyzing the abnormal rotational position and speed of their joints while walking. Five flatfoot subjects participated in our study. Three-dimensional motions of the tibia, talus, calcaneus, navicular, and cuboid were obtained during walking using the biplanar fluoroscopic motion analyses. An anatomical coordinate system was established for each bone. The rotations and ranges of motion (ROMs) of the joints from heel-strike to toe-off were quantified. The relative movements on the articular surfaces were quantified by surface relative velocity vector analysis. The data from flat foot subjects were compared with the data from normal foot subjects in previous studies. The average relative speed on the articular surface of the tibiotalar, subtalar, and calcaneocuboid joints for the flatfoot subjects was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that for the normal foot subjects. The flatfoot subjects exhibited increased movements toward plantar flexion in the tibiotalar joint, and eversion and external rotations in the talonavicular joint during the stance phase, compared to the normal subjects (p < 0.01). Furthermore, the flatfoot subjects had a significantly larger ROM along with the inversion/eversion rotations (5.6 ± 1.8° vs. 10.7 ± 4.0°) and internal/external rotations (7.1 ± 1.5° vs. 10.5 ± 3.5°) in the tibiotalar joint. The flatfoot subjects demonstrated abnormal kinematics and larger joint movements in multiple joints during the mid-stance and terminal stance phases of walking. This demonstrates their high instability levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Bo Phan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Min Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Sun Kwon
- Department of Mathematics and Department of AI and Data Science, Ajou University, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungbum Koo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Rohwedder T. Biomechanics of the Canine Elbow Joint. Vet Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.99569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The canine elbow joint is a complex joint, whose musculoskeletal anatomy is well investigated. During the last 30 years kinematic analysis has gained importance in veterinary research and kinematics of the healthy and medial coronoid disease affected canine elbow joint are progressively investigated. Video-kinematographic analysis represents the most commonly used technique and multiple studies have investigated the range of motion, angular velocity, duration of swing and stance phase, stride length and other kinematic parameters, mostly in the sagittal plane only. However, this technique is more error-prone and data gained by video-kinematography represent the kinematics of the whole limb including the soft tissue envelope. A more precise evaluation of the in vivo bone and joint movement can only been achieved using fluoroscopic kinematography. Based on recent studies significant differences in the motion pattern between healthy joints and elbows with medial coronoid disease could be detected. Thereby not only adaptive changes, caused by pain and lameness, could be described, but primary changes in the micromotion of the joint forming bones could be found, which potentially represent new factors in the pathogenesis of medial coronoid disease. This chapter gives a review of current literature on elbow joint kinematics, with particular focus onto pathologic biomechanics in dysplastic canine elbows.
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20
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Wagner FC, Reese S, Gerlach K, Böttcher P, Mülling CKW. Cyclic tensile tests of Shetland pony superficial digital flexor tendons (SDFTs) with an optimized cryo-clamp combined with biplanar high-speed fluoroscopy. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:223. [PMID: 34172051 PMCID: PMC8229380 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02914-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Long-term cyclic tensile testing with equine palmar/plantar tendons have not yet been performed due to problems in fixing equine tendons securely and loading them cyclically. It is well established that the biomechanical response of tendons varies during cyclic loading over time. The aim of this study was to develop a clamping device that enables repetitive cyclic tensile testing of equine superficial digital flexor tendon for at least 60 loading cycles and for 5 min. Results A novel cryo-clamp was developed and built. Healthy and collagenase-treated pony SDFTs were mounted in the custom-made cryo-clamp for the proximal tendon end and a special clamping device for the short pastern bone (os coronale). Simultaneously with tensile testing, we used a biplanar high-speed fluoroscopy system (FluoKin) to track tendon movement. The FluoKin system was additionally validated in precision measurements. During the cyclic tensile tests of the SDFTs, the average maximal force measured was 325 N and 953 N for a length variation of 2 and 4 % respectively. The resulting stress averaged 16 MPa and 48 MPa respectively, while the modulus of elasticity was 828 MPa and 1212 MPa respectively. Length variation of the metacarpal region was, on average, 4.87 % higher after incubation with collagenase. The precision of the FluoKin tracking was 0.0377 mm, defined as the standard deviation of pairwise intermarker distances embedded in rigid bodies. The systems accuracy was 0.0287 mm, which is the difference between the machined and mean measured distance. Conclusion In this study, a good performing clamping technique for equine tendons under repetitive cyclic loading conditions is described. The presented cryo-clamps were tested up to 50 min duration and up to the machine maximal capacity of 10 kN. With the possibility of repetitive loading a stabilization of the time-force-curve and changes of hysteresis and creep became obvious after a dozen cycles, which underlines the necessity of repetitive cyclical testing. Furthermore, biplanar high-speed fluoroscopy seems an appropriate and highly precise measurement tool for analysis of tendon behaviour under repetitive load in equine SDFTs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-021-02914-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska C Wagner
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, An den Tierkliniken 43, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Sven Reese
- Chair of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Veterinärstraße 13, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Kerstin Gerlach
- Department for Horses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, An den Tierkliniken 21, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Böttcher
- Small Animal Clinic, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19 b, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph K W Mülling
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, An den Tierkliniken 43, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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21
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Akhbari B, Shah KN, Morton AM, Moore DC, Weiss APC, Wolfe SW, Crisco JJ. Biomechanics of the Distal Radioulnar Joint During In Vivo Forearm Pronosupination. J Wrist Surg 2021; 10:208-215. [PMID: 34109063 PMCID: PMC8169167 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1722334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Ulnar variance (UV) and center of rotation (COR) location at the level of the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) change with forearm rotation. Nevertheless, these parameters have not been assessed dynamically during active in vivo pronosupination. This assessment could help us to improve our diagnosis and treatment strategies. Questions/purposes We sought to (1) mathematically model the UV change, and (2) determine the dynamic COR's location during active pronosupination. Methods We used biplanar videoradiography to study DRUJ during in vivo pronation and supination in nine healthy subjects. UV was defined as the proximal-distal distance of ulnar fovea with respect to the radial sigmoid notch, and COR was calculated using helical axis of motion parameters. The continuous change of UV was evaluated using a generalized linear regression model. Results A second-degree polynomial with R 2 of 0.85 was able to model the UV changes. Maximum negative UV occurred at 38.0 degrees supination and maximum positive UV occurred at maximum pronation. At maximum pronation, the COR was located 0.5 ± 1.8 mm ulnarly and 0.6 ± 0.8 mm volarly from the center of the ulnar fovea, while at maximum supination, the COR was located 0.2 ± 0.6 mm radially and 2.0 ± 0.5 mm volarly. Conclusion Changes in UV and volar translation of the COR are nonlinear at the DRUJ during pronosupination. Clinical Relevance Understanding the dynamic nature of UV as a function of pronosupination can help guide accurate evaluation and treatment of wrist pathology where the UV is an important consideration. The dynamic behavior of COR might be useful in designing DRUJ replacement implants to match the anatomical motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bardiya Akhbari
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Kalpit N. Shah
- Department of Orthopedics, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Amy M. Morton
- Department of Orthopedics, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Douglas C. Moore
- Department of Orthopedics, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Arnold-Peter C. Weiss
- Department of Orthopedics, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
- Division of Hand, Upper Extremity & Microvascular Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Scott W. Wolfe
- Hand and Upper Extremity Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Joseph J. Crisco
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
- Department of Orthopedics, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
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Chiba D, Gale T, Nishida K, Suntaxi F, Lesniak BP, Fu FH, Anderst W, Musahl V. Lateral Extra-articular Tenodesis Contributes Little to Change In Vivo Kinematics After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Am J Sports Med 2021; 49:1803-1812. [PMID: 33872056 DOI: 10.1177/03635465211003298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LET) in combination with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) has been proposed to improve residual rotatory knee instability in patients having ACL deficiency. PURPOSE/HYPOTHESIS The purpose was to compare the effects of isolated ACLR (iACLR) versus LET in combination with ACLR (ACLR+LET) on in vivo kinematics during downhill running. It was hypothesized that ACLR+LET would reduce the internal rotation of the reconstructed knee in comparison with iACLR. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS A total of 18 patients with ACL deficiency were included. All participants were randomly assigned to receive ACLR+ LET or iACLR during surgery. Six months and 12 months after surgery, knee joint motion during downhill running was measured using dynamic biplane radiography and a validated registration process that matched patient-specific 3-dimensional bone models to synchronized biplane radiographs. Anterior tibial translation (ATT; positive value means "anterior translation") and tibial rotation (TR) relative to the femur were calculated for both knees. The side-to-side differences (SSDs) in kinematics were also calculated (operated knee-contralateral healthy knee). The SSD value was compared between ACLR+LET and iACLR groups using a Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS At 6 months after surgery, the SSD of ATT in patients who had undergone ACLR+LET (-1.9 ± 2.0 mm) was significantly greater than that in patients who had undergone iACLR (0.9 ± 2.3 mm) at 0% of the gait cycle (foot strike) (P = .031). There was no difference in ATT 12 months after surgery. Regarding TR, there were no differences between ACLR+LET and iACLR at either 6 months (P value range, .161-.605) or 12 months (P value range, .083-.279) after surgery. CONCLUSION LET in combination with ACLR significantly reduced ATT at the instant of foot strike during downhill running at 6 months after surgery. However, this effect was not significant at 12 months after surgery. The addition of LET to ACLR had no effect on TR at both 6 and 12 months after surgery. CLINICAL RELEVANCE LET in combination with ACLR may stabilize sagittal knee motion during downhill running in the early postoperation phase, but according to this study, it has no effect on 12-month in vivo kinematics. REGISTRATION NCT02913404 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Chiba
- UPMC Freddie Fu Sports Medicine Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan.,Biodynamics Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tom Gale
- Biodynamics Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kyohei Nishida
- UPMC Freddie Fu Sports Medicine Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Biodynamics Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Felipe Suntaxi
- Biodynamics Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bryson P Lesniak
- UPMC Freddie Fu Sports Medicine Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Freddie H Fu
- UPMC Freddie Fu Sports Medicine Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - William Anderst
- Biodynamics Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Volker Musahl
- UPMC Freddie Fu Sports Medicine Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Bascuñán A, Soula M, Millar KK, Biedrzycki A, Banks SA, Lewis DD, Kim SE. In vivo three-dimensional knee kinematics in goats with unilateral anterior cruciate ligament transection. J Orthop Res 2021; 39:1052-1063. [PMID: 32633844 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Although the goat is an established animal model in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) research, in vivo kinematics associated with ACL deficiency have not been previously described in this species. Three-dimensional knee kinematics were determined before and after unilateral ACL transection in eight goats. Fluoroscopic imaging of the knees during treadmill walking and force-platform gait analysis during over-ground walking were performed prior to ACL transection, and 2 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months after ACL transection. Transient lameness of the ACL-transected limb was noted in all goats but resolved by 3 months post-ACL transection. Increased extension of 8.7° to 17.0° was noted throughout the gait cycle in both the ACL-transected and the contralateral unaffected knees by 3 months post-ACL transection, in a bilaterally symmetric pattern. Peak anterior tibial translation increased by 3 to 6 mm after ACL transection and persisted over the 6-month study period. No changes in axial rotation or abduction angle were observed after ACL transection. Unilateral ACL deficiency in goats resulted in persistent kinematic alterations, despite the resolution of lameness by 3 months post-ACL transection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Bascuñán
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Mariajesus Soula
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Kristina K Millar
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Adam Biedrzycki
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Scott A Banks
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Daniel D Lewis
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Stanley E Kim
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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Lawrence RL, Zauel R, Bey MJ. Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography. J Vis Exp 2021. [PMID: 33779606 DOI: 10.3791/62210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The shoulder is one of the human body's most complex joint systems, with motion occurring through the coordinated actions of four individual joints, multiple ligaments, and approximately 20 muscles. Unfortunately, shoulder pathologies (e.g., rotator cuff tears, joint dislocations, arthritis) are common, resulting in substantial pain, disability, and decreased quality of life. The specific etiology for many of these pathologic conditions is not fully understood, but it is generally accepted that shoulder pathology is often associated with altered joint motion. Unfortunately, measuring shoulder motion with the necessary level of accuracy to investigate motion-based hypotheses is not trivial. However, radiographic-based motion measurement techniques have provided the advancement necessary to investigate motion-based hypotheses and provide a mechanistic understanding of shoulder function. Thus, the purpose of this article is to describe the approaches for measuring shoulder motion using a custom biplanar videoradiography system. The specific objectives of this article are to describe the protocols to acquire biplanar videoradiographic images of the shoulder complex, acquire CT scans, develop 3D bone models, locate anatomical landmarks, track the position and orientation of the humerus, scapula, and torso from the biplanar radiographic images, and calculate the kinematic outcome measures. In addition, the article will describe special considerations unique to the shoulder when measuring joint kinematics using this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah L Lawrence
- Bone and Joint Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Henry Ford Health System
| | - Roger Zauel
- Bone and Joint Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Henry Ford Health System
| | - Michael J Bey
- Bone and Joint Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Henry Ford Health System;
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25
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McHugh B, Akhbari B, Morton AM, Moore DC, Crisco JJ. Optical motion capture accuracy is task-dependent in assessing wrist motion. J Biomech 2021; 120:110362. [PMID: 33752132 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Optical motion capture (OMC) systems are commonly used to capture in-vivo three-dimensional joint kinematics. However, the skin-based markers may not reflect the underlying bone movement, a source of error known as soft tissue artifact (STA). This study examined STA during wrist motion by evaluating the agreement between OMC and biplanar videoradiography (BVR). Nine subjects completed 7 different wrist motion tasks: doorknob rotation to capture supination and pronation, radial-ulnar deviation, flexion-extension, circumduction, hammering, and pitcher pouring. BVR and OMC captured the motion simultaneously. Wrist kinematics were quantified using helical motion parameters of rotation and translation, and Bland-Altman analysis quantified the mean difference (bias) and 95% limit of agreement (LOA). The rotational bias of doorknob pronation, a median bias of -4.9°, was significantly larger than the flexion-extension (0.7°, p < 0.05) and radial-ulnar deviation (1.8°, p < 0.01) tasks. The rotational LOA range was significantly smaller in the flexion-extension task (5.9°) compared to pitcher (11.6°, p < 0.05) and doorknob pronation (17.9°, p < 0.05) tasks. The translation bias did not differ between tasks. The translation LOA range was significantly larger in circumduction (9.8°) compared to the radial-ulnar deviation (6.3°, p < 0.05) and pitcher (3.4°, p < 0.05) tasks. While OMC technology has a wide-range of successful applications, we demonstrated it has relatively poor agreement with BVR in tracking wrist motion, and that the agreement depends on the nature and direction of wrist motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian McHugh
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, United States.
| | - Bardiya Akhbari
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, United States.
| | - Amy M Morton
- Department of Orthopedics, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, United States.
| | - Douglas C Moore
- Department of Orthopedics, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, United States.
| | - Joseph J Crisco
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, United States; Department of Orthopedics, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, United States.
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Akhbari B, Morton AM, Moore DC, Crisco JJ. Biplanar Videoradiography to Study the Wrist and Distal Radioulnar Joints. J Vis Exp 2021:10.3791/62102. [PMID: 33616093 PMCID: PMC8182367 DOI: 10.3791/62102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate measurement of skeletal kinematics in vivo is essential for understanding normal joint function, the influence of pathology, disease progression, and the effects of treatments. Measurement systems that use skin surface markers to infer skeletal motion have provided important insight into normal and pathological kinematics, however, accurate arthrokinematics cannot be attained using these systems, especially during dynamic activities. In the past two decades, biplanar videoradiography (BVR) systems have enabled many researchers to directly study the skeletal kinematics of the joints during activities of daily living. To implement BVR systems for the distal upper extremity, videoradiographs of the distal radius and the hand are acquired from two calibrated X-ray sources while a subject performs a designated task. Three-dimensional (3D) rigid-body positions are computed from the videoradiographs via a best-fit registrations of 3D model projections onto to each BVR view. The 3D models are density-based image volumes of the specific bone derived from independently acquired computed-tomography data. Utilizing graphics processor units and high-performance computing systems, this model-based tracking approach is shown to be fast and accurate in evaluating the wrist and distal radioulnar joint biomechanics. In this study, we first summarized the previous studies that have established the submillimeter and subdegree agreement of BVR with an in vitro optical motion capture system in evaluating the wrist and distal radioulnar joint kinematics. Furthermore, we used BVR to compute the center of rotation behavior of the wrist joint, to evaluate the articulation pattern of the components of the implant upon one another, and to assess the dynamic change of ulnar variance during pronosupination of the forearm. In the future, carpal bones may be captured in greater detail with the addition of flat panel X-ray detectors, more X-ray sources (i.e., multiplanar videoradiography), or advanced computer vision algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy M Morton
- Department of Orthopedics, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital
| | - Douglas C Moore
- Department of Orthopedics, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital
| | - Joseph J Crisco
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University; Department of Orthopedics, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital
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Techniques for In Vivo Measurement of Ligament and Tendon Strain: A Review. Ann Biomed Eng 2020; 49:7-28. [PMID: 33025317 PMCID: PMC7773624 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-020-02635-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The critical clinical and scientific insights achieved through knowledge of in vivo musculoskeletal soft tissue strains has motivated the development of relevant measurement techniques. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the key findings, limitations, and clinical impacts of these techniques to quantify musculoskeletal soft tissue strains during dynamic movements. Current technologies generally leverage three techniques to quantify in vivo strain patterns, including implantable strain sensors, virtual fibre elongation, and ultrasound. (1) Implantable strain sensors enable direct measurements of tissue strains with high accuracy and minimal artefact, but are highly invasive and current designs are not clinically viable. (2) The virtual fibre elongation method tracks the relative displacement of tissue attachments to measure strains in both deep and superficial tissues. However, the associated imaging techniques often require exposure to radiation, limit the activities that can be performed, and only quantify bone-to-bone tissue strains. (3) Ultrasound methods enable safe and non-invasive imaging of soft tissue deformation. However, ultrasound can only image superficial tissues, and measurements are confounded by out-of-plane tissue motion. Finally, all in vivo strain measurement methods are limited in their ability to establish the slack length of musculoskeletal soft tissue structures. Despite the many challenges and limitations of these measurement techniques, knowledge of in vivo soft tissue strain has led to improved clinical treatments for many musculoskeletal pathologies including anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, Achilles tendon repair, and total knee replacement. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of these measurement techniques and identifies the key features of in vivo strain measurement that can facilitate innovative personalized sports medicine treatment.
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28
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The effect of patellofemoral pain syndrome on patellofemoral joint kinematics under upright weight-bearing conditions. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239907. [PMID: 32997727 PMCID: PMC7526904 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is commonly caused by abnormal pressure on the knee due to excessive load while standing, squatting, or going up or down stairs. To better understand the pathophysiology of PFP, we conducted a noninvasive patellar tracking study using a C-arm computed tomography (CT) scanner to assess the non-weight-bearing condition at 0° knee flexion (NWB0°) in supine, weight-bearing at 0° (WB0°) when upright, and at 30° (WB30°) in a squat. Three-dimensional (3D) CT images were obtained from patients with PFP (12 women, 6 men; mean age, 31 ± 9 years; mean weight, 68 ± 9 kg) and control subjects (8 women, 10 men; mean age, 39 ± 15 years; mean weight, 71 ± 13 kg). Six 3D-landmarks on the patella and femur were used to establish a joint coordinate system (JCS) and kinematic degrees of freedom (DoF) values on the JCS were obtained: patellar tilt (PT, °), patellar flexion (PF, °), patellar rotation (PR, °), patellar lateral-medial shift (PTx, mm), patellar proximal-distal shift (PTy, mm), and patellar anterior-posterior shift (PTz, mm). Tests for statistical significance (p < 0.05) showed that the PF during WB30°, the PTy during NWB0°, and the PTz during NWB0°, WB0°, and WB30° showed clear differences between the patients with PFP and healthy controls. In particular, the PF during WB30° (17.62°, extension) and the PTz during WB0° (72.50 mm, posterior) had the largest rotational and translational differences (JCS Δ = patients with PFP—controls), respectively. The JCS coordinates with statistically significant difference can serve as key biomarkers of patellar motion when evaluating a patient suspected of having PFP. The proposed method could reveal diagnostic biomarkers for accurately identifying PFP patients and be an effective addition to clinical diagnosis before surgery and to help plan rehabilitation strategies.
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29
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Gale T, Anderst W. Knee Kinematics of Healthy Adults Measured Using Biplane Radiography. J Biomech Eng 2020; 142:1084204. [PMID: 32491153 DOI: 10.1115/1.4047419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A dataset of knee kinematics in healthy, uninjured adults is needed to serve as a reference for comparison when evaluating the effects of injury, surgery, rehabilitation, and age. Most currently available datasets that characterize healthy knee kinematics were developed using conventional motion analysis, known to suffer from skin motion artifact. More accurate kinematics, obtained from bone pins or biplane radiography, have been reported for datasets ranging in size from 5 to 15 knees. The aim of this study was to characterize tibiofemoral kinematics and its variability in a larger sample of healthy adults. Thirty-nine knees were imaged using biplane radiography at 100 images/s during multiple trials of treadmill walking. Multiple gait trials were captured to measure stance and swing-phase knee kinematics. Six degrees-of-freedom kinematics were determined using a validated volumetric model-based tracking process. A bootstrapping technique was used to define average and 90% prediction bands for the kinematics. The average ROM during gait was 7.0 mm, 3.2 mm, and 2.9 mm in anterior/posterior (AP), medial/lateral (ML), and proximal/distal (PD) directions, and 67.3 deg, 11.5 deg, and 3.7 deg in flexion/extension (FE), internal/external (IE), and abduction/adduction (AbAd). Continuous kinematics demonstrated large interknee variability, with 90% prediction bands spanning approximately ±4 mm, ±10 mm, and ±5 mm for ML, AP, and PD translations and ±15 deg, ±10 deg, and ±6 deg in FE, IE, and AbAd. This dataset suggests substantial variability exists in healthy knee kinematics. This study provides a normative database for evaluating knee kinematics in patients who receive conservative or surgical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Gale
- Biodynamics Lab, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 3820 South Water Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15203
| | - William Anderst
- Biodynamics Lab, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 3820 South Water Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15203
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30
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Lee D, Hong KT, Lim TS, Lee E, Lee YH, Park JS, Kim W, Oh JH, Choi JA, Song Y. Alterations in articular cartilage T2 star relaxation time following mechanical disorders: in vivo canine supraspinatus tendon resection models. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2020; 21:424. [PMID: 32615950 PMCID: PMC7331159 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-020-03447-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The role of altered joint mechanics on cartilage degeneration in in vivo models has not been studied successfully due to a lack of pre-injury information. We aimed 1) to develop an accurate in vivo canine model to measure the changes in joint loading and T2 star (T2*) relaxation time before and after unilateral supraspinatus tendon resections, and 2) to find the relationship between regional variations in articular cartilage loading patterns and T2* relaxation time distributions. Methods Rigid markers were implanted in the scapula and humerus of tested dogs. The movement of the shoulder bones were measured by a motion tracking system during normal gaits. In vivo cartilage contact strain was measured by aligning 3D shoulder models with the motion tracking data. Articular cartilage T2* relaxation times were measured by quantitative MRI scans. Articular cartilage contact strain and T2* relaxation time were compared in the shoulders before and 3 months after the supraspinatus tendon resections. Results Excellent accuracy and reproducibility were found in our in vivo contact strain measurements with less than 1% errors. Changes in articular cartilage contact strain exhibited similar patterns with the changes in the T2* relaxation time after resection surgeries. Regional changes in the articular cartilage T2* relaxation time exhibited positive correlations with regional contact strain variations 3 months after the supraspinatus resection surgeries. Conclusion This is the first study to measure in vivo articular cartilage contact strains with high accuracy and reproducibility. Positive correlations between contact strain and T2* relaxation time suggest that the articular cartilage extracellular matrix may responds to mechanical changes in local areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dokwan Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University Engineering Campus, Innovation Hall, Room 306, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Ki-Taek Hong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University Engineering Campus, Innovation Hall, Room 306, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Tae Seong Lim
- Department of Radiology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Eugene Lee
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Ye Hyun Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Police Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Soon Park
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sheikh Khalifa Specialty Hospital, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Woo Kim
- Seoul Kiwoonchan Orthopedics Clinic, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joo Han Oh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jung-Ah Choi
- Department of Radiology, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong, South Korea
| | - Yongnam Song
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University Engineering Campus, Innovation Hall, Room 306, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea.
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31
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Sandberg GS, Torres BT, Budsberg SC. Review of kinematic analysis in dogs. Vet Surg 2020; 49:1088-1098. [PMID: 32609926 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective gait analysis techniques aid investigators in the study of motion. Kinematic gait analysis techniques that objectively quantitate motion are valuable tools used to understand normal and abnormal motion in domestic animals. Recent advances in video technology have made the study of motion more readily accessible. Available systems can document gait in two or three dimensions (2D or 3D, respectively). Knowledge of fundamental gait analysis concepts is critical to generating meaningful data. The objective of this report is to review principles of kinematic data collection and analyses, with a focus on differences between 2D and 3D systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella S Sandberg
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Bryan T Torres
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Steven C Budsberg
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.,Department of Comparative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
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Huang Q, Yao J, Li J, Li M, Pickering MR, Li X. Measurement of Quasi-Static 3-D Knee Joint Movement Based on the Registration From CT to US. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2020; 67:1141-1150. [PMID: 31944953 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2020.2965149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The measurement of quasi-static 3-D knee joint movement is an important basis for studying the mechanism of knee joint injury. Most of the existing measurement methods make use of computed tomography (CT) and nuclear magnetic resonance (MR) imaging technology and hence have the disadvantages of invasiveness, ionizing radiation, low accuracy, and high cost. To overcome those drawbacks, this article innovatively proposes a 3-D motion measurement system for the knee joint based on the registration of CT images to ultrasound (US) images. More specifically, the lower limbs of a subject were first scanned once to acquire the CT images. A portable handheld device was designed to control a US probe for mechanically scanning the subject's lower limbs in a linear trajectory. During the movement of the subject's lower limbs, the US scanning was performed quasi-statically. The acquired US images were then registered to the CT images, and the 3-D motions of the lower limb bones could be recreated with the bones scanned in CT images. To guarantee the registration accuracy and efficiency, we used the H-shaped multiview slice assembly as the structural image content for the registration process. The experimental results show that our approach can accurately measure the 3-D motion of the knee joint and meet the needs of 3-D motion analysis of knee joint in practice.
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Biocomposite Interference Screws in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Osteoconductivity and Degradation. Arthrosc Sports Med Rehabil 2020; 2:e53-e58. [PMID: 32368739 PMCID: PMC7190552 DOI: 10.1016/j.asmr.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the long-term in vivo degradation of an amorphous stereoisomer combined with micro β-tricalcium phosphate poly levo (96%)/dextro (4%) lactide beta-tricalcium phosphate biocomposite interference screw. Methods A study approved by the institutional review board of in vivo biologic behavior of the screw was initiated in 2011 using an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction model. Twenty patients undergoing bone–patellar tendon–bone ACL reconstruction fixed at the femur and tibia with these biocomposite screws followed at least 36 months were evaluated by physical, radiographic, and computed tomography (CT) evaluations. Lysholm, Tegner, Cincinnati, and International Knee Documentation Committee scores were obtained. CT Hounsfield unit (HU) data were obtained at the femoral and tibial screw and other bone sites. An ossification quality score (range 1-4) was used to determine osteoconductivity at the screw sites. Results In total, 11 male and 9 female patients evaluated by CT scan and radiographs a mean of 41 months postsurgery (range, 37-51) showed bone plug healing to the tunnel wall and the screw replaced with calcified and nontrabecular material. Osteoconductivity was present in 34 of 40 tunnels (85%) and nearly complete or complete (type 3 or 4 ossification) in 10 of 40 (25%). Mean screw-site densities (femoral 239 HU; tibial 290 HU) were consistent with cancellous bone density. One positive pivot-shift test was found. Lysholm, Cincinnati, Tegner, and International Knee Documentation Committee activity scores improved from 46.9, 43.5, 1.9, and 1.7 preoperatively to 92, 90.2, 6.0, and 3.2 at follow-up, respectively. The average postoperative Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation score was 86 and mean KT-1000 arthrometer difference was 0.32 mm. Conclusions The micro β-tricalcium phosphate poly levo (96%)/dextro (4%) lactide beta-tricalcium phosphate interference screw was replaced by calcified, nontrabecular material a mean of 42 months after implantation in a bone–patellar tendon–bone ACL reconstruction model. Osteoconductivity was confirmed. Level of Evidence Level IV (therapeutic case series).
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Gu W, Pandy MG. Direct Validation of Human Knee-Joint Contact Mechanics Derived From Subject-Specific Finite-Element Models of the Tibiofemoral and Patellofemoral Joints. J Biomech Eng 2020; 142:1071314. [PMID: 31802099 DOI: 10.1115/1.4045594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The primary aim of this study was to validate predictions of human knee-joint contact mechanics (specifically, contact pressure, contact area, and contact force) derived from finite-element models of the tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joints against corresponding measurements obtained in vitro during simulated weight-bearing activity. A secondary aim was to perform sensitivity analyses of the model calculations to identify those parameters that most significantly affect model predictions of joint contact pressure, area, and force. Joint pressures in the medial and lateral compartments of the tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joints were measured in vitro during two simulated weight-bearing activities: stair descent and squatting. Model-predicted joint contact pressure distribution maps were consistent with those obtained from experiment. Normalized root-mean-square errors between the measured and calculated contact variables were on the order of 15%. Pearson correlations between the time histories of model-predicted and measured contact variables were generally above 0.8. Mean errors in the calculated center-of-pressure locations were 3.1 mm for the tibiofemoral joint and 2.1 mm for the patellofemoral joint. Model predictions of joint contact mechanics were most sensitive to changes in the material properties and geometry of the meniscus and cartilage, particularly estimates of peak contact pressure. The validated finite element modeling framework offers a useful tool for noninvasive determination of knee-joint contact mechanics during dynamic activity under physiological loading conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Marcus G Pandy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Kage CC, Akbari-Shandiz M, Foltz MH, Lawrence RL, Brandon TL, Helwig NE, Ellingson AM. Validation of an automated shape-matching algorithm for biplane radiographic spine osteokinematics and radiostereometric analysis error quantification. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228594. [PMID: 32059007 PMCID: PMC7021291 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Biplane radiography and associated shape-matching provides non-invasive, dynamic, 3D osteo- and arthrokinematic analysis. Due to the complexity of data acquisition, each system should be validated for the anatomy of interest. The purpose of this study was to assess our system’s acquisition methods and validate a custom, automated 2D/3D shape-matching algorithm relative to radiostereometric analysis (RSA) for the cervical and lumbar spine. Additionally, two sources of RSA error were examined via a Monte Carlo simulation: 1) static bead centroid identification and 2) dynamic bead tracking error. Tantalum beads were implanted into a cadaver for RSA and cervical and lumbar spine flexion and lateral bending were passively simulated. A bead centroid identification reliability analysis was performed and a vertebral validation block was used to determine bead tracking accuracy. Our system’s overall root mean square error (RMSE) for the cervical spine ranged between 0.21–0.49mm and 0.42–1.80° and the lumbar spine ranged between 0.35–1.17mm and 0.49–1.06°. The RMSE associated with RSA ranged between 0.14–0.69mm and 0.96–2.33° for bead centroid identification and 0.25–1.19mm and 1.69–4.06° for dynamic bead tracking. The results of this study demonstrate our system’s ability to accurately quantify segmental spine motion. Additionally, RSA errors should be considered when interpreting biplane validation results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig C. Kage
- Division of Rehabilitation Science, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Mohsen Akbari-Shandiz
- Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Mary H. Foltz
- Division of Rehabilitation Science, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Rebekah L. Lawrence
- Division of Rehabilitation Science, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Taycia L. Brandon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Nathaniel E. Helwig
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- School of Statistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Arin M. Ellingson
- Division of Rehabilitation Science, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Canton S, Anderst W, Hogan MV. In Vivo Ankle Kinematics Revealed Through Biplane Radiography: Current Concepts, Recent Literature, and Future Directions. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med 2020; 13:77-85. [PMID: 31989528 PMCID: PMC7083983 DOI: 10.1007/s12178-020-09601-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Lateral ligament repair, specifically the modified Broström-Gould (BG) procedure, has been described for patients with chronic ankle instability (CAI) after failure of nonoperative management. However, there is minimal data about native in vivo ankle bone kinematics and how repairs such as the BG procedure affect the kinematics. The objective of this review is to appraise existing literature that used biplane radiography to measure in vivo kinematics of the ankle in healthy, CAI, and BG populations. RECENT FINDINGS Results showed that the tibiotalar joint contributes more to dorsi/plantarflexion, the subtalar joint contributes more to inversion/eversion and internal/external rotation, and that both joints are capable of complex three-dimensional (3D) motion. Preliminary data suggests that demanding activities (as opposed to walking) are necessary to elicit kinematic differences between healthy and CAI populations. Results also indicate that the BG procedure restores static kinematics and range of motion. All but one of the studies identified in this review collected static, quasi-stance, or partial gait capture data. The strength of our current knowledge is low given the small sample sizes, exploratory nature of previous work, and lack of rigorous experimental design in previous studies. Future directions include development of an improved protocol for establishing coordinate systems in the ankle bones, continued development of a database of normal kinematics during a variety of activities, and large-scale, longitudinal studies of CAI and BG patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Canton
- The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3550 Terrace St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - William Anderst
- The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3550 Terrace St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 200 Lothrop St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| | - MaCalus V Hogan
- The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3550 Terrace St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 200 Lothrop St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- The Foot and Ankle Injury [F.A.I.R] Group, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 200 Lothrop St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
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McHugh BP, Morton AM, Akhbari B, Molino J, Crisco JJ. Accuracy of an electrogoniometer relative to optical motion tracking for quantifying wrist range of motion. J Med Eng Technol 2020; 44:49-54. [PMID: 31997679 DOI: 10.1080/03091902.2020.1713240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Methods for capturing wrist range of motion (RoM) vary in complexity, cost, and sensitivity. Measures by manual goniometer, though an inexpensive modality, provide neither dynamic nor objective motion data. Conversely, optical motion capture systems are widely used in three-dimensional scientific motion capture studies but are complex and expensive. The electrogoniometer bridges the gap between portability and objective measurement. Our study aims to evaluate the accuracy of a 2 degree of freedom electrogoniometer using optical motion capture as the reference for in vivo wrist motion. First, a mechanical system constructed from two plastic pipes and a universal joint mimicked a human wrist to assess the inherent accuracy of the electrogoniometer. Simulations of radial/ulnar deviation (R/U), flexion/extension (F/E) and circumduction were evaluated. Second, six subjects performed three RoM tasks of R/U deviation, F/E, and circumduction for evaluation of the in vivo accuracy. Bland-Altman analysis quantified the accuracy. The mechanical experiment reported greater accuracy than the in vivo study with mean difference values less than ±1°. The in vivo accuracy varied across RoM tasks, with mean differences greatest in the F/E task (7.2°). Smaller mean differences values were reported in the R/U deviation task (-0.8°) and the circumduction task (1.2°).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P McHugh
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Amy M Morton
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Bardiya Akhbari
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Janine Molino
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Joseph J Crisco
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
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Abstract
The wrist is a complex joint involving many small bones and complicated kinematics. It has, therefore, been traditionally difficult to image and ascertain information about kinematics when making a diagnosis. Although MRI and fluoroscopy have been used, they both have limitations. Recently, there has been interest in the use of 4D-CT in imaging the wrist. This review examines the literature regarding the use of 4D-CT in imaging the wrist to assess kinematics and its ability to diagnose pathology. Some questions remain about the description of normal ranges, the most appropriate method of measuring intercarpal stability, the accuracy compared with established standards, and the place of 4D-CT in postoperative assessment. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:1325–1330.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordy White
- University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Greg Couzens
- Brisbane Hand and Upper Limb Research Institute, Spring Hill, Australia
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- Field Orthopaedics Research Group, Spring Hill, Australia
| | - Chris Jeffery
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- Field Orthopaedics Research Group, Spring Hill, Queensland, Australia
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Bascuñán AL, Biedrzycki A, Banks SA, Lewis DD, Kim SE. Large Animal Models for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Research. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:292. [PMID: 31555675 PMCID: PMC6727067 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Large animal (non-rodent mammal) models are commonly used in ACL research, but no species is currently considered the gold standard. Important considerations when selecting a large animal model include anatomical differences, the natural course of ACL pathology in that species, and biomechanical differences between humans and the chosen model. This article summarizes recent reports related to anatomy, pathology, and biomechanics of the ACL for large animal species (dog, goat, sheep, pig, and rabbit) commonly used in ACL research. Each species has unique features and benefits as well as potential drawbacks, which are highlighted in this review. This information may be useful in the selection process when designing future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luisa Bascuñán
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Adam Biedrzycki
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Scott A Banks
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Daniel D Lewis
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Stanley E Kim
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Kessler SE, Rainbow MJ, Lichtwark GA, Cresswell AG, D'Andrea SE, Konow N, Kelly LA. A Direct Comparison of Biplanar Videoradiography and Optical Motion Capture for Foot and Ankle Kinematics. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:199. [PMID: 31508415 PMCID: PMC6716496 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Measuring motion of the human foot presents a unique challenge due to the large number of closely packed bones with congruent articulating surfaces. Optical motion capture (OMC) and multi-segment models can be used to infer foot motion, but might be affected by soft tissue artifact (STA). Biplanar videoradiography (BVR) is a relatively new tool that allows direct, non-invasive measurement of bone motion using high-speed, dynamic x-ray images to track individual bones. It is unknown whether OMC and BVR can be used interchangeably to analyse multi-segment foot motion. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the agreement in kinematic measures of dynamic activities. Nine healthy participants performed three walking and three running trials while BVR was recorded with synchronous OMC. Bone position and orientation was determined through manual scientific-rotoscoping. The OMC and BVR kinematics were co-registered to the same coordinate system, and BVR tracking was used to create virtual markers for comparison to OMC during dynamic trials. Root mean square (RMS) differences in marker positions and joint angles as well as a linear fit method (LFM) was used to compare the outputs of both methods. When comparing BVR and OMC, sagittal plane angles were in good agreement (ankle: R2 = 0.947, 0.939; Medial Longitudinal Arch (MLA) Angle: R2 = 0.713, 0.703, walking and running, respectively). When examining the ankle, there was a moderate agreement between the systems in the frontal plane (R2 = 0.322, 0.452, walking and running, respectively), with a weak to moderate correlation for the transverse plane (R2 = 0.178, 0.326, walking and running, respectively). However, root mean squared error (RMSE) showed angular errors ranging from 1.06 to 8.31° across the planes (frontal: 3.57°, 3.67°, transverse: 4.28°, 4.70°, sagittal: 2.45°, 2.67°, walking and running, respectively). Root mean square (RMS) differences between OMC and BVR marker trajectories were task dependent with the largest differences in the shank (6.0 ± 2.01 mm) for running, and metatarsals (3.97 ± 0.81 mm) for walking. Based on the results, we suggest BVR and OMC provide comparable solutions to foot motion in the sagittal plane, however, interpretations of out-of-plane movement should be made carefully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Kessler
- Centre of Sensorimotor Performance, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael J Rainbow
- Skeletal Observation Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Glen A Lichtwark
- Centre of Sensorimotor Performance, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Andrew G Cresswell
- Centre of Sensorimotor Performance, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Susan E D'Andrea
- Department of Orthopaedics, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Department of Kinesiology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States.,Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Nicolai Konow
- Department of Biological Science, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, United States
| | - Luke A Kelly
- Centre of Sensorimotor Performance, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Abbas W, Masip Rodo D. Computer Methods for Automatic Locomotion and Gesture Tracking in Mice and Small Animals for Neuroscience Applications: A Survey. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E3274. [PMID: 31349617 PMCID: PMC6696321 DOI: 10.3390/s19153274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuroscience has traditionally relied on manually observing laboratory animals in controlled environments. Researchers usually record animals behaving freely or in a restrained manner and then annotate the data manually. The manual annotation is not desirable for three reasons; (i) it is time-consuming, (ii) it is prone to human errors, and (iii) no two human annotators will 100% agree on annotation, therefore, it is not reproducible. Consequently, automated annotation for such data has gained traction because it is efficient and replicable. Usually, the automatic annotation of neuroscience data relies on computer vision and machine learning techniques. In this article, we have covered most of the approaches taken by researchers for locomotion and gesture tracking of specific laboratory animals, i.e. rodents. We have divided these papers into categories based upon the hardware they use and the software approach they take. We have also summarized their strengths and weaknesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Abbas
- Multimedia and Telecommunications Department, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, 08018 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - David Masip Rodo
- Multimedia and Telecommunications Department, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, 08018 Barcelona, Spain
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Akpinar B, Thorhauer E, Tashman S, Irrgang JJ, Fu FH, Anderst WJ. Tibiofemoral Cartilage Contact Differences Between Level Walking and Downhill Running. Orthop J Sports Med 2019; 7:2325967119836164. [PMID: 31058199 PMCID: PMC6452593 DOI: 10.1177/2325967119836164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Some studies have suggested that altered tibiofemoral cartilage contact behavior (arthrokinematics) may contribute to long-term cartilage degeneration, potentially leading to tibiofemoral osteoarthritis. However, few studies have assessed normal tibiofemoral arthrokinematics during dynamic activities. Purpose: To characterize tibiofemoral arthrokinematics during the impact phase of level walking and downhill running. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Arthrokinematic data were collected on uninjured knees of 44 participants (mean age, 20.7 ± 6.6 years). Using a dynamic stereoradiographic imaging system with superimposed 3-dimensional bone models from computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of participant-specific tibiofemoral joints, arthrokinematics were assessed during the first 15% of the gait cycle during level walking and the first 10% of the gait cycle during downhill running. Results: During level walking and downhill running, the medial compartment had a greater cartilage contact area versus the lateral compartment. Both compartments had a significantly less cartilage contact area during running versus walking (medial compartment gait cycle affected: 8%-10%; lateral compartment gait cycle affected: 5%-10%). Further, medial and lateral compartment tibiofemoral contact paths were significantly more posterior and longer during downhill running. Conclusion: There was a decreased tibiofemoral cartilage contact area during downhill running compared with level walking, suggesting that underlying bone morphology may play a key role in determining the size of cartilage contact regions. Clinical Relevance: This study provides the first data characterizing tibiofemoral cartilage contact patterns during level walking and downhill running. These results provide evidence in support of performing biomechanical assessments during both level walking and downhill running to obtain a comprehensive picture of tibiofemoral cartilage behavior after clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berkcan Akpinar
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Scott Tashman
- University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - James J Irrgang
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Freddie H Fu
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - William J Anderst
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Gale T, Anderst W. Asymmetry in healthy adult knee kinematics revealed through biplane radiography of the full gait cycle. J Orthop Res 2019; 37:609-614. [PMID: 30644134 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
One commonly used criterion in evaluating a patients' response to knee surgery or rehabilitation is bilateral symmetry. However, the natural symmetry in uninjured healthy adult knee kinematics remains relatively unknown, making it challenging to determine if clinical treatment has adequately restored bilateral symmetry. The primary purpose of this study was to determine the typical side-to-side differences in 6 degree of freedom (DOF) knee kinematics over the entire gait cycle in healthy adults using biplane radiography. Six DOF tibiofemoral kinematics were measured during treadmill walking in 19 participants using a validated volumetric model-based tracking process that matched subject-specific bone models to biplane radiographs collected at 100 images/s. Average absolute side-to-side differences in knee kinematics at foot strike were 1.3 mm or less in translation and 3.8° or less in rotation. Peak side-to-side differences in knee kinematics occurred during the swing phase and were up to 2.2 mm in translation and 7.1° in rotation. Dominant versus non-dominant leg differences were 0.8 mm and 2.8° or less at foot strike and reached maximum values of 0.8 mm and 7.2° over the full gait cycle. Statement of Clinical Significance: This study quantifies the inherent asymmetry of knee kinematics in healthy individuals over the entire gait cycle. The values of asymmetry presented here may serve as a guide for evaluating functional outcomes and restoration of so-called "normal" kinematics after injury and clinical intervention. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Gale
- Biodynamics Lab, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 3820 South Water Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15203
| | - William Anderst
- Biodynamics Lab, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 3820 South Water Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15203
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Akhbari B, Morton A, Moore D, Weiss APC, Wolfe SW, Crisco J. Kinematic Accuracy in Tracking Total Wrist Arthroplasty with Biplane Videoradiography using a CT-generated Model. J Biomech Eng 2019; 141:2724662. [PMID: 30729978 DOI: 10.1115/1.4042769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Total Wrist Arthroplasty (TWA) for improving the functionality of severe wrist joint pathology has not had the same success, in parameters such as motion restoration and implant survival, as hip, knee, and shoulder arthroplasty. These other arthroplasties have been studied extensively, including the use of biplane videoradiography (BVR) that has allowed investigators to study the in-vivo motion of the total joint replacement during dynamic activities. The wrist has not been a previous focus, and utilization of BVR for wrist arthroplasty presents unique challenges due to the design characteristics of TWAs. Accordingly, the aims of this study were 1) to develop a methodology for generating TWA component models for use in BVR, and 2) to evaluate the accuracy of model-image registration in a single cadaveric model. A model of the carpal component was constructed from a CT scan, and a model of the radial component was generated from a surface scanner. BVR was acquired for three anatomical tasks from a cadaver specimen. Optical motion capture was used as the gold standard. BVR's bias in flexion/extension, radial/ulnar deviation, and pronosupination was less than 0.3°, 0.5°, and 0.6°. Translation bias was less than 0.2 mm with a standard deviation of less than 0.4 mm. This BVR technique achieved a kinematic accuracy comparable to previous studies on other total joint replacements. BVR's application to the study of TWA function in patients could advance the understanding of TWA and thus the implant's success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bardiya Akhbari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
| | - Amy Morton
- Department of Orthopedics, Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02912
| | - Douglas Moore
- Department of Orthopedics, Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02912
| | - Arnold-Peter C Weiss
- Department of Orthopedics, Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02912
| | - Scott W Wolfe
- Hand and Upper Extremity Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021
| | - Joseph Crisco
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912; Department of Orthopedics, Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02912
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Fischer MS, Lehmann SV, Andrada E. Three-dimensional kinematics of canine hind limbs: in vivo, biplanar, high-frequency fluoroscopic analysis of four breeds during walking and trotting. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16982. [PMID: 30451855 PMCID: PMC6242825 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34310-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The first high-precision 3D in vivo hindlimb kinematic data to be recorded in normal dogs of four different breeds (Beagle, French bulldog, Malinois, Whippet) using biplanar, high-frequency fluoroscopy combined with a 3D optoelectric system followed by a markerless XROMM analysis (Scientific Rotoscoping, SR or 3D-2D registration process) reveal a) 3D hindlimb kinematics to an unprecedented degree of precision and b) substantial limitations to the use of skin marker-based data. We expected hindlimb kinematics to differ in relation to body shape. But, a comparison of the four breeds sets the French bulldog aside from the others in terms of trajectories in the frontal plane (abduction/adduction) and long axis rotation of the femur. French bulldogs translate extensive femoral long axis rotation (>30°) into a strong lateral displacement and rotations about the craniocaudal (roll) and the distal-proximal (yaw) axes of the pelvis in order to compensate for a highly abducted hindlimb position from the beginning of stance. We assume that breeds which exhibit unusual kinematics, especially high femoral abduction, might be susceptible to a higher long-term loading of the cruciate ligaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin S Fischer
- Institut für Zoologie und Evolutionsforschung, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Erbertstr. 1, 07743, Jena, Germany.
| | - Silvia V Lehmann
- Institut für Zoologie und Evolutionsforschung, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Erbertstr. 1, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Emanuel Andrada
- Institut für Zoologie und Evolutionsforschung, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Erbertstr. 1, 07743, Jena, Germany
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Cieri RL, Moritz S, Capano JG, Brainerd EL. Breathing with floating ribs: XROMM analysis of lung ventilation in savannah monitor lizards. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 221:jeb.189449. [PMID: 30257921 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.189449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The structures and functions of the vertebrate lung and trunk are linked through the act of ventilation, but the connections between these structures and functions are poorly understood. We used X-ray reconstruction of moving morphology (XROMM) to measure rib kinematics during lung ventilation in three savannah monitor lizards (Varanus exanthematicus). All of the dorsal ribs, including the floating ribs, contributed to ventilation; the magnitude and kinematic pattern showed no detectable cranial-to-caudal gradient. The true ribs acted as two rigid bodies connected by flexible cartilage, with the vertebral rib and ventromedial shaft of each sternal rib remaining rigid and the cartilage between them forming a flexible intracostal joint. Rib rotations can be decomposed into bucket handle rotation around a dorsoventral axis, pump handle rotation around a mediolateral axis and caliper motion around a craniocaudal axis. Dorsal rib motion was dominated by roughly equal contributions of bucket and pump rotation in two individuals and by bucket rotation in the third individual. The recruitment of floating ribs during ventilation in monitor lizards is strikingly different from the situation in iguanas, where only the first few true ribs contribute to breathing. This difference may be related to the design of the pulmonary system and life history traits in these two species. Motion of the floating ribs may maximize ventilation of the caudally and ventrolaterally positioned compliant saccular chambers in the lungs of varanids, while restriction of ventilation to a few true ribs may maximize crypsis in iguanas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Cieri
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Sabine Moritz
- Department of Biology, Community College of Rhode Island, Warwick, RI 02886, USA
| | - John G Capano
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Elizabeth L Brainerd
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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Englander ZA, Martin JT, Ganapathy PK, Garrett WE, DeFrate LE. Automatic registration of MRI-based joint models to high-speed biplanar radiographs for precise quantification of in vivo anterior cruciate ligament deformation during gait. J Biomech 2018; 81:36-44. [PMID: 30249338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Understanding in vivo joint mechanics during dynamic activity is crucial for revealing mechanisms of injury and disease development. To this end, laboratories have utilized computed tomography (CT) to create 3-dimensional (3D) models of bone, which are then registered to high-speed biplanar radiographic data captured during movement in order to measure in vivo joint kinematics. In the present study, we describe a system for measuring dynamic joint mechanics using 3D surface models of the joint created from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) registered to high-speed biplanar radiographs using a novel automatic registration algorithm. The use of MRI allows for modeling of both bony and soft tissue structures. Specifically, the attachment site footprints of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) on the femur and tibia can be modeled, allowing for measurement of dynamic ACL deformation. In the present study, we demonstrate the precision of this system by tracking the motion of a cadaveric porcine knee joint. We then utilize this system to quantify in vivo ACL deformation during gait in four healthy volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoë A Englander
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - John T Martin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Louis E DeFrate
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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An interpolation technique to enable accurate three-dimensional joint kinematic analyses using asynchronous biplane fluoroscopy. Med Eng Phys 2018; 60:109-116. [PMID: 30098937 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Biplane 2D-3D model-based registration and radiostereometric analysis (RSA) approaches have been commonly used for measuring three-dimensional, in vivo joint kinematics. However, in clinical biplane systems, the x-ray images are acquired asynchronously, which introduces registration errors. The present study introduces an interpolation technique to reduce image registration error by generating synchronous fluoroscopy image estimates. A phantom study and cadaveric shoulder study were used to evaluate the level of improvement in image registration that could be obtained as a result of using our interpolation technique. Our phantom study results show that the interpolated bead tracking technique was in better agreement with the true bead positions than when asynchronous images were used alone. The overall RMS error of glenohumeral kinematics for interpolated biplane registration was reduced by 1.27 mm, 0.40 mm, and 0.47 mm in anterior-posterior, superior-inferior, and medial-lateral translation, respectively; and 0.47°, 0.67°, and 0.19° in ab-adduction, internal-external rotation and flexion-extension, respectively, compared to asynchronous registration. The interpolated biplane registration results were consistent with previously reported studies using custom synchronous biplane fluoroscopy technology. This approach will be particularly useful for improving the kinematic accuracy of high velocity activities when using clinical biplane fluoroscopes or two independent c-arms, which are available at a number of institutions.
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Schwede M, Rey J, Böttcher P. In vivo fluoroscopic kinematography of cranio-caudal stifle stability after tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA): a retrospective case series of 10 stifles. Open Vet J 2018; 8:295-304. [PMID: 30148081 PMCID: PMC6102423 DOI: 10.4314/ovj.v8i3.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It was the aim of the study to determine retrospectively cranio-caudal stifle instability following TTA (tibial tuberosity advancement) using fluoroscopic kinematography. Ten stifles (eight dogs, mean body weight 27.3 kg) with complete rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament and a mean follow-up of 12.8 weeks (5.4 - 28.4 weeks) after TTA underwent latero-lateral, uniplanar fluoroscopic kinematography while walking on a treadmill. Immediately before TTA, each stifle was explored arthroscopically and in the case of a longitudinal or bucket-handle tear of the caudal horn of the medial meniscus the unstable axial portion was resected. The high-speed fluoroscopic video sequences obtained were inspected visually for femoro-tibial translation (cranial drawer). The influence of postoperative patellar tendong angle (PTA), cage size and meniscal surgery on stifle stability was analyzed using logistic regression analysis. In three stifles, resection of unstable meniscal tissue was necessary. Fluoroscopically, nine out of ten stifles showed cranio-caudal instability. Three stifles were potentially overcorrected (post PTA < 90°), seven potentially undercorrected (post PTA > 90°). None of the three parameters analyzed had a significant influence on postoperative in vivo stability (p=0.0988). In conclusion, it appears that inadequate cranialization of the tibia tuberosity might be an expected result of the TTA procedure, as well as persistent cranio-caudal instability during walking. However, instability cannot solely be attributed to insufficient cranialization because three out of nine unstable stifles were sufficiently or even overcorrected (PTA ≤ 90°). Further in vivo studies are needed to resolve these conflicting findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maartje Schwede
- Department of Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Janna Rey
- Department of Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Böttcher
- Small Animal Clinic, Free University of Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
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A three dimensional multiplane kinematic model for bilateral hind limb gait analysis in cats. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197837. [PMID: 30080884 PMCID: PMC6078300 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Kinematic gait analysis is an important noninvasive technique used for quantitative evaluation and description of locomotion and other movements in healthy and injured populations. Three dimensional (3D) kinematic analysis offers additional outcome measures including internal-external rotation not characterized using sagittal plane (2D) analysis techniques. Methods The objectives of this study were to 1) develop and evaluate a 3D hind limb multiplane kinematic model for gait analysis in cats using joint coordinate systems, 2) implement and compare two 3D stifle (knee) prediction techniques, and 3) compare flexion-extension determined using the multiplane model to a sagittal plane model. Walking gait was recorded in 3 female adult cats (age = 2.9 years, weight = 3.5 ± 0.2 kg). Kinematic outcomes included flexion-extension, internal-external rotation, and abduction-adduction of the hip, stifle, and tarsal (ankle) joints. Results Each multiplane stifle prediction technique yielded similar findings. Joint angles determined using markers placed on skin above bony landmarks in vivo were similar to joint angles determined using a feline hind limb skeleton in which markers were placed directly on landmarks ex vivo. Differences in hip, stifle, and tarsal joint flexion-extension were demonstrated when comparing the multiplane model to the sagittal plane model. Conclusions This multiplane cat kinematic model can predict joint rotational kinematics as a tool that can quantify frontal, transverse, and sagittal plane motion. This model has multiple advantages given its ability to characterize joint internal-external rotation and abduction-adduction. A further, important benefit is greater accuracy in representing joint flexion-extension movements.
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