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Xu C, Li H, Zhang C, Ge F, He Q, Chen H, Zhang L, Bai X. Quantitative Analysis of Primary Compressive Trabeculae Distribution in the Proximal Femur of the Elderly. Orthop Surg 2024; 16:2030-2039. [PMID: 38951721 PMCID: PMC11293936 DOI: 10.1111/os.14141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As osteoporosis progresses, the primary compressive trabeculae (PCT) in the proximal femur remains preserved and is deemed the principal load-bearing structure that links the femoral head with the femoral neck. This study aims to elucidate the distribution patterns of PCT within the proximal femur in the elderly population, and to assess its implications for the development and optimization of internal fixation devices used in hip fracture surgeries. METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study conducted from March 2022 to April 2023. A total of 125 patients who underwent bilateral hip joint CT scans in our hospital were enrolled. CT data of the unaffected side of the hip were analyzed. Key parameters regarding the PCT distribution in the proximal femur were measured, including the femoral head's radius (R), the neck-shaft angle (NSA), the angle between the PCT-axis and the head-neck axis (α), the distance from the femoral head center to the PCT-axis (δ), and the lengths of the PCT's bottom and top boundaries (L-bottom and L-top respectively). The impact of gender differences on PCT distribution patterns was also investigated. Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare continuous variables between genders. The relationship between various variables was investigated through Pearson's correlation analysis. RESULTS PCT was the most prominent bone structure within the femoral head. The average NSA, α, and δ were 126.85 ± 5.85°, 37.33 ± 4.23°, and 0.39 ± 1.22 mm, respectively, showing no significant gender differences (p > 0.05). Pearson's correlation analysis revealed strong correlations between α and NSA (r = -0.689, p < 0.001), and R and L-top (r = 0.623, p < 0.001), with mild correlations observed between δ and NSA (r = -0.487, p < 0.001), and R and L-bottom (r = 0.427, p < 0.001). Importantly, our study establishes a method to accurately localize PCT distribution in true anteroposterior (AP) radiographs of the hip joint, facilitating precise screw placement in proximal femur fixation procedures. CONCLUSION Our study provided unprecedented insights into the distribution patterns of PCT in the proximal femur of the elderly population. The distribution of PCT in the proximal femur is predominantly influenced by anatomical and geometric factors, such as NSA and femoral head size, rather than demographic factors like gender. These insights have crucial implications for the design of internal fixation devices and surgical planning, offering objective guidance for the placement of screws in hip fracture treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Xu
- Department of OrthopedicsThe Sixth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Senior Department of OrthopedicsThe Fourth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Hang Li
- Department of Hyperbaric OxygenThe Sixth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of OrthopedicsThe Sixth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Senior Department of OrthopedicsThe Fourth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Feng Ge
- Department of OrthopedicsThe Sixth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Qing He
- Department of OrthopedicsThe Sixth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Senior Department of OrthopedicsThe Fourth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Hua Chen
- Senior Department of OrthopedicsThe Fourth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Licheng Zhang
- Senior Department of OrthopedicsThe Fourth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Xuedong Bai
- Department of OrthopedicsThe Sixth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Senior Department of OrthopedicsThe Fourth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
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Tanaka SM. Development of a composite using calcined bone powder and silane cross-linked alginate as bone substitute material. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2024; 112:e35457. [PMID: 39032140 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Calcined bone is an attractive natural material for use as a bone substitute because of its cost-effectiveness and high biocompatibility, which are comparable to that of synthetic hydroxyapatite. However, the calcination process has significantly weakened the mechanical properties. In this study, a composite of calcined bovine bone powder reinforced with silane cross-linked alginate was prepared to assess its biocompatibility, osteoconductivity, and mechanical compatibility as a bone substitute material. Culture studies with osteoblast-like cells (MC3T3-E1) showed no cytotoxicity toward the composite and exhibited general cell proliferative properties in its presence. In contrast, the composite reduced the alkaline phosphatase activity of osteoblasts but led to significant noncellular apatite deposition on the surface. In addition, quasi-static compression tests of the composite revealed mechanical properties comparable to those of human cancellous bone. The mechanical properties remained stable under wet conditions and did not deteriorate significantly even after 2 weeks of immersion in simulated body fluid at 37°C. The results show that this composite, composed of calcined bone powder and silane cross-linked alginate, is a promising bone substitute material with biocompatibility, osteoconductivity, and mechanical compatibility.
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Grants
- 15H03890 Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research JSPS KAKENHI from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT), Japan
- 24K15696 Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research JSPS KAKENHI from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT), Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeo M Tanaka
- Faculty of Frontier Engineering, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
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Tompkins YH, Choi J, Teng PY, Yamada M, Sugiyama T, Kim WK. Reduced bone formation and increased bone resorption drive bone loss in Eimeria infected broilers. Sci Rep 2023; 13:616. [PMID: 36635321 PMCID: PMC9837181 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27585-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Coccidiosis is an economically significant disease in the global poultry industry, but little is known about the mechanisms of bone defects caused by coccidiosis; thus, the study focused on effects of coccidiosis on the bone homeostasis of young broiler chickens. A total of 480 male Cobb500 broilers were randomly allocated into four treatment groups, including an uninfected control consuming diet ad libitum, two infected groups were orally gavaged with two different concentrations of sporulated Eimeria oocysts, and an uninfected pair-fed group fed the same amount of feed as the high Eimeria-infected group consumed. Growth performance and feed intake were recorded, and samples were collected on 6 days post infection. Results indicated that coccidiosis increased systemic oxidative status and elevated immune response in bone marrow, suppressing bone growth rate (P < 0.05) and increasing bone resorption (P < 0.05) which led to lower bone mineral density (P < 0.05) and mineral content (P < 0.05) under Eimeria infection. With the same amount of feed intake, the uninfected pair-fed group showed a distinguished bone formation rate and bone resorption level compared with the Eimeria infected groups. In conclusion, inflammatory immune response and oxidative stress in broilers after Eimeria infection were closely associated with altered bone homeostasis, highlighting the role of inflammation and oxidative stress in broiler bone homeostasis during coccidiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuguo Hou Tompkins
- grid.213876.90000 0004 1936 738XDepartment of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - Janghan Choi
- grid.213876.90000 0004 1936 738XDepartment of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - Po-Yun Teng
- grid.213876.90000 0004 1936 738XDepartment of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - Masayoshi Yamada
- grid.260975.f0000 0001 0671 5144Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 2-8050 Ikarashi, Nishi-ku, Niigata, 950-2181 Japan
| | - Toshie Sugiyama
- grid.260975.f0000 0001 0671 5144Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 2-8050 Ikarashi, Nishi-ku, Niigata, 950-2181 Japan
| | - Woo Kyun Kim
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
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Harash G, Richardson KC, Alshamy Z, Hünigen H, Hafez HM, Plendl J, Al Masri S. Basic morphometry, microcomputed tomography and mechanical evaluation of the tibiotarsal bone of a dual-purpose and a broiler chicken line. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230070. [PMID: 32160230 PMCID: PMC7065781 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous loading of the skeleton by the body’s weight is an important factor in establishing and maintaining bone morphology, architecture and strength. However, in fast-growing chickens the appendicular skeleton growth is suboptimal making these chickens predisposed to skeletal mineralization disorders and fractures. This study compared the macro- and microstructure as well as the mechanical properties of the tibiotarsus of a novel dual-purpose, Lohmann Dual (LD) and a highly developed broiler, Ross (Ross 308) chicken line. Eighty one-day-old male chicks of each line were grown until their body weight (BW) reached 2000g. Starting at the day of hatching, six birds of each line were sampled weekly. The weight, length and width of the tibiotarsus were measured and its mechanical properties (rigidity, M-Max and the M-fracture) were evaluated using the three-point bending test. Additionally, the mineral density of both, trabecular and cortical bone, the bone volume fraction, the trabecular number, thickness and separation plus cortical thickness of both chicken lines were analyzed using microcomputed tomography. The growth of the tibiotarsus in both chicken lines followed a similar pattern. At the same age, the lighter LD chickens had shorter, thinner and lighter tibiotarsi than those of Ross chickens. However, the LD chickens had a similar cortical thickness, bone volume fraction and similar mineral density of both trabecular and cortical bone to that of Ross chickens. Furthermore, the tibiotarsus of LD chickens was longer, heavier and wider than those of Ross chickens of the same BW. In addition the rigidity of the LD tibiotarsus was greater than that of Ross chickens. This suggests that the tibiotarsus of LD chickens had more bending resistance than those of Ross chickens of the same BW. Consequently, fattening LD chickens to the marketable weight should not affect their leg skeleton stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Harash
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kenneth C. Richardson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
| | - Zaher Alshamy
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hana Hünigen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hafez Mohamed Hafez
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Poultry Diseases, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johanna Plendl
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Salah Al Masri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Pramudita JA, Kamiya S, Ujihashi S, Choi HY, Ito M, Watanabe R, Crandall JR, Kent RW. Estimation of conditions evoking fracture in finger bones under pinch loading based on finite element analysis. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2016; 20:35-44. [PMID: 27269518 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2016.1196197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A finger finite element (FE) model was created from CT images of a Japanese male in order to obtain a shape-biofidelic model. Material properties and articulation characteristics of the model were taken from the literature. To predict bone fracture and realistically represent the fracture pattern under various loading conditions, the ESI-Wilkins-Kamoulakos rupture model in PAM-CRASH (ESI Group S.A., Paris, France) was utilized in this study with parameter values of the rupture model determined by compression testing and simulation of porcine fibula. A finger pinch simulation was then conducted to validate the finger FE model. The force-displacement curve and fracture load from the pinch simulation was compared to the result of finger pinch test using cadavers. Simulation results are coincident with the test result, indicating that the finger FE model can be used in an analysis of finger bone fracture during pinch accident. With this model, several pinch simulations were conducted with different pinching object's stiffness and pinching energy. Conditions for evoking finger bone fracture under pinch loading were then estimated based on these results. This study offers a novel method to predict possible hazards of manufactured goods during the design process, thus finger injury due to pinch loading can be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas A Pramudita
- a Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering , Niigata University , Niigata , Japan
| | - Seiji Kamiya
- b Department of Mechanical and Environmental Informatics , Tokyo Institute of Technology , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Sadayuki Ujihashi
- b Department of Mechanical and Environmental Informatics , Tokyo Institute of Technology , Tokyo , Japan.,c Nippon Bunri University , Oita , Japan
| | - Hyung-Yun Choi
- d Department of Mechanical System Design Engineering , HongIk University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Masato Ito
- e Analysis Center , Panasonic Corporation , Osaka , Japan
| | - Ryoji Watanabe
- e Analysis Center , Panasonic Corporation , Osaka , Japan
| | - Jeff R Crandall
- f Center for Applied Biomechanics , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , VA , USA
| | - Richard W Kent
- f Center for Applied Biomechanics , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , VA , USA
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Achrai B, Daniel Wagner H. The red-eared slider turtle carapace under fatigue loading: The effect of rib–suture arrangement. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 53:128-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zhang R, Gong H, Zhu D, Ma R, Fang J, Fan Y. Multi-level femoral morphology and mechanical properties of rats of different ages. Bone 2015; 76:76-87. [PMID: 25857690 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A macro-micro-nano-multi-level study was conducted to explore age-related structural and mechanical properties of bone, as well as the effects of aging on bone properties. A total of 70 male Wistar rats were used, ranging in the ages of 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 14, 15, 16, and 17 months (n = 7/age group). After micro-computed tomography (CT) scanning, longitudinal cortical bone specimens with a length of 5mm were cut along the femoral shaft axis from left femur shafts for mechanical testing, and the cross-sectional areas were measured. The macro-mechanical properties obtained in mechanical testing and microarchitecture parameters measured by micro-CT were significantly correlated with the animal age (r(2) = 0.96, p < 0.001). Scanning electron microscopy was used for detecting the microarchitecture features of the fractured surfaces, which exhibited age-related plate-fibrous-mixed fibrous-plate texture, resulting in changes in macro-mechanical properties (r(2) > 0.90, p < 0.001). The mineral phase of the left femoral shaft and head was analyzed by atomic force microscopy. Longitudinal and transverse trabecular bone tissues, as well as longitudinal cortical bone tissue, were used for nanoindentation test, and the chemical composition was evaluated by quantitative chemical analyses. The correlations between mineral content and bone material properties (i.e., elastic properties of the bone tissue and size and roughness of bone mineral grains) were highly significant (r > 0.95, p < 0.001). Multi-level femur morphology, mechanical property, and mineral content were significantly correlated with the animal age. The correlations between bone mineral content and bone material morphological and mechanical properties may partly explain the increase in bone fragility with aging, which will provide a theoretical basis for the investigation of age-related bone properties in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Department of Engineering Mechanics, Nanling Campus, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - He Gong
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dong Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, No. 1 Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Renshi Ma
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, No. 1 Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Fang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Nanling Campus, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Yobo Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, People's Republic of China; National Research Center for Rehabilitation Technical Aids, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Bone mass and bone quality are altered by hypoactivity in the chicken. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116763. [PMID: 25635404 PMCID: PMC4312094 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Disuse induces a rapid bone loss in adults; sedentarity is now recognized as a risk factor for osteoporosis. Hypoactivity or confinement also decrease bone mass in adults but their effects are largely unknown and only few animal models have been described. We have used 10 chickens of the rapidly growing strain 857K bred in a large enclosure (FREE group); 10 others were confined in small cages with little space to move around (HYPO group). They were sacrificed at 53 days and femurs and tibias were evaluated by texture analysis, dual energy X-ray densitometry, microcomputed tomography (microCT) and histomorphometry. Hypoactivity had no effect on the length and diameter of the bones. Bone mineral density (BMD), microCT (trabecular bone volume and trabecular microarchitecture) and texture analysis were always found significantly reduced in the animals of the HYPO group. BMD was reduced at both femur and tibia diaphysises; BMD of the metaphysis was significantly reduced in the femur but not in the tibia. An increase in osteoid volume and surfaces was noted in the HYPO group. However, there was no alteration of the mineral phase as the osteoid thickness did not differ from control animals. Bone loss was much more pronounced at the lower femur metaphysis than at the upper metaphysis of the tibia. At the tibia, only microarchitectural changes of trabecular bone could be evidenced. The confined chicken represents a new method for the study of hypodynamia since these animals do not have surgical lesions.
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MacAvelia T, Salahi M, Olsen M, Crookshank M, Schemitsch EH, Ghasempoor A, Janabi-Sharifi F, Zdero R. Biomechanical Measurements of Surgical Drilling Force and Torque in Human Versus Artificial Femurs. J Biomech Eng 2012; 134:124503. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4007953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Few experimental studies have examined surgical drilling in human bone, and no studies have inquired into this aspect for a popular commercially-available artificial bone used in biomechanical studies. Sixteen fresh-frozen human femurs and five artificial femurs were obtained. Cortical specimens were mounted into a clamping system equipped with a thrust force and torque transducer. Using a CNC machine, unicortical holes were drilled in each specimen at 1000 rpm, 1250 rpm, and 1500 rpm with a 3.2 mm diameter surgical drill bit. Feed rate was 120 mm/min. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Force at increasing spindle speed (1000 rpm, 1250 rpm, and 1500 rpm), respectively, showed a range for human femurs (198.4 ± 14.2 N, 180.6 ± 14.0 N, and 176.3 ± 11.2 N) and artificial femurs (87.2 ± 19.3 N, 82.2 ± 11.2 N, and 75.7 ± 8.8 N). For human femurs, force at 1000 rpm was greater than at other speeds (p ≤ 0.018). For artificial femurs, there was no speed effect on force (p ≥ 0.991). Torque at increasing spindle speed (1000 rpm, 1250 rpm, and 1500 rpm), respectively, showed a range for human femurs (186.3 ± 16.9 N·mm, 157.8 ± 16.1 N·mm, and 140.2 ± 16.4 N·mm) and artificial femurs (67.2 ± 8.4 N·mm, 61.0 ± 2.9 N·mm, and 53.3 ± 2.9 N·mm). For human femurs, torque at 1000 rpm was greater than at other speeds (p < 0.001). For artificial femurs, there was no difference in torque for 1000 rpm versus higher speeds (p ≥ 0.228), and there was only a borderline difference between the higher speeds (p = 0.046). Concerning human versus artificial femurs, their behavior was different at every speed (force, p ≤ 0.001; torque, p < 0.001). For human specimens at 1500 rpm, force and torque were linearly correlated with standardized bone mineral density (sBMD) and the T-score used to clinically categorize bone quality (R ≥ 0.56), but there was poor correlation with age at all speeds (R ≤ 0.37). These artificial bones fail to replicate force and torque in human cortical bone during surgical drilling. To date, this is the largest series of human long bones biomechanically tested for surgical drilling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meisam Salahi
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
| | | | | | - Emil H. Schemitsch
- Martin Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L5, Canada
| | | | - Farrokh Janabi-Sharifi
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Rad Zdero
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada; Martin Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada e-mail:
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Milovanovic P, Potocnik J, Djonic D, Nikolic S, Zivkovic V, Djuric M, Rakocevic Z. Age-related deterioration in trabecular bone mechanical properties at material level: Nanoindentation study of the femoral neck in women by using AFM. Exp Gerontol 2012; 47:154-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2011.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Revised: 11/12/2011] [Accepted: 11/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Djonic D, Milovanovic P, Nikolic S, Ivovic M, Marinkovic J, Beck T, Djuric M. Inter-sex differences in structural properties of aging femora: implications on differential bone fragility: a cadaver study. J Bone Miner Metab 2011; 29:449-57. [PMID: 21127922 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-010-0240-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2010] [Accepted: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we examined age-related and sex-specific deterioration in bone strength of the proximal femur reflected in mechanical properties from dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-based hip structural analysis (HSA) on a cadaveric sample from the Balkans. Cadaveric studies permit more precise measurement of HSA parameters and allow further analyses by micromorphometric methods. DXA and HSA analysis was performed on a total of 138 cadaveric proximal femora (63 female, 75 male, age range 20-101 years) from Belgrade. HSA parameters are reported for three standard regions of the proximal femur (narrow neck, intertrochanteric, and shaft). Major age-related findings include an increase in the radius of gyration (first reported in this study), a decline in the cross-sectional area (CSA), a shift in the centroid towards the medial cortex, higher buckling ratios and lower section moduli. Whereas age appears to affect mostly the neck region in men, weakening is also evident in the intertrochanteric region in women, particularly after the age of 80. Aging femoral neck declines in bending strength and increases in buckling susceptibility. The reduced bone mass tends to be distributed farther from the centroidal axis (increase in radius of gyration with decline in CSA). Bone mass is preferentially lost from the lateral part of the cross-section shifting the centroid towards the medial cortex which may increase fragility of the lateral part during fall impact. Results of this study contribute to the epidemiologic data on gender differences and age trends in aging male and female femora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danijela Djonic
- Laboratory for Anthropology, Institute of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 4/2 Dr Subotica, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Djuric M, Djonic D, Milovanovic P, Nikolic S, Marshall R, Marinkovic J, Hahn M. Region-specific sex-dependent pattern of age-related changes of proximal femoral cancellous bone and its implications on differential bone fragility. Calcif Tissue Int 2010; 86:192-201. [PMID: 20012269 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-009-9325-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2009] [Accepted: 11/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite evident interest in age-related bone changes, data on regional differences within the proximal femur are scarce. To date, there has been no comprehensive study on site-specific age-related changes in the trabecular architecture of three biomechanically important femoral subregions (medial neck, lateral neck, and intertrochanteric region) for both genders. In this study we investigated age-related deterioration in the trabecular architecture of those three subregions of the femoral neck for both genders. The research sample included 52 proximal femora (26 males, 26 females; age range, 26-96 years) from Forensic Department at University of Belgrade. Bone sections from the three regions of interest were scanned by micro-CT at University of Hamburg. The study revealed that proximal femoral microarchitecture cannot be perceived as homogeneous and, more importantly, that the aging process is not uniform. Besides the initial intersite differences, microarchitecture changed differently with increasing age, maintaining significant differences between the regions. In addition, we observed a different aging pattern between genders: deterioration was most significant in the intertrochanteric region in women, while the lateral neck was most affected in men. This finding supports epidemiological data about the differential occurrence of cervical vs. trochanteric fractures in aging males and females. In conclusion, the aging process in the proximal femur cannot be regarded as a simple function of quantitative bone loss but, rather, as an alteration of specific architecture that may degrade bone strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Djuric
- Laboratory for Anthropology, Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 4/2 Dr Subotica, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
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Tam KF, Cheung WH, Lee KM, Qin L, Leung KS. Shockwave exerts osteogenic effect on osteoporotic bone in an ovariectomized goat model. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2009; 35:1109-1118. [PMID: 19394753 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2009.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2008] [Revised: 12/18/2008] [Accepted: 01/03/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Our recent in vitro study showed that extracorporeal shock wave (ESW) stimulated calcium deposition in human periosteal cells. In this study, we hypothesized that the use of ESW could induce new bone formation in osteoporotic bone. Using our established osteoporotic goat model, the calcaneus, distal radius and femoral condyle of the left limb were treated with ESW once per month; the contralateral side served as the control. Bone mineral density (BMD), microarchitecture and dynamic histomorphometric index were evaluated after 9 months. Trabecular BMD of the calcaneus increased significantly by 2.90%. This finding was substantiated by micro-computed tomography findings showing that trabecular bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness of the treated calcaneus were enhanced compared with the contralateral control. However, significant difference could not be detected in the other two weight-bearing skeletal sites. Mineral apposition rates of all ESW-treated regions were also consistently higher than those of the control. These findings suggest that ESW treatment could enhance local BMD by inducing new bone formation, yet the effect was more apparent in non-weight-bearing sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kam-Fai Tam
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Jendral MJ, Korver DR, Church JS, Feddes JJR. Bone mineral density and breaking strength of White Leghorns housed in conventional, modified, and commercially available colony battery cages. Poult Sci 2008; 87:828-37. [PMID: 18420972 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2007-00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Limited opportunity for movement and load-bearing exercise for conventionally caged laying hens leads to bone loss and increased susceptibility to osteoporosis, bone fractures, and cage layer fatigue, all of which compromise hen welfare and have negative consequences for production. The objective of this study was to compare bone mineral density (BMD) and strength measures of White Leghorns housed in conventional battery cages (CONV), cages modified to incorporate a nest box and perch (MOD), and commercially available, furnished colony cages with (CWDB) or without (CWODB) a raised dust bath. Hens reared on floor litter were randomly allocated to 1 of 4 cage systems at 19 wk of age. Hen-day production and egg quality were measured between 20 and 64 wk. At 65 wk, hens were killed, and right femur, tibia, and humerus were excised. Bone mineral density was assessed using quantitative computed tomography, and breaking strength was measured with an Instron Materials Tester. In the femur and tibia, CONV hens exhibited lower total BMD, bone mass, cortical bone area, cortical bone mass, and bone-breaking strength than CWDB, CWODB, and MOD hens. Density and cross-sectional area of bone in the trabecular space was highest in CONV. In the humerus, total and cortical BMD and mass and breaking strength values were higher for colony-housed birds than hens in CONV and MOD. The MOD birds did not exhibit increased humeral BMD or strength measures over CONV hens. These findings provide evidence that hens housed in modified and colony cages, furnished systems that promote load-bearing movement, are better able to preserve cortical structural bone than conventionally caged hens and simultaneously have stronger bones. Furthermore, inclusion of raised amenities that encourage wing loading is necessary to reduce humeral cortical bone loss. The overall absence of correlation between egg production or quality and bone quality measures also suggests that improved bone quality in CWDB, CWODB, and MOD furnished cages is not the result of lowered egg production or quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Jendral
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada T6G 2P5.
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Barak MM, Weiner S, Shahar R. Importance of the integrity of trabecular bone to the relationship between load and deformation of rat femora: an optical metrology study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1039/b805661g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Diamant I, Shahar R, Masharawi Y, Gefen A. A method for patient-specific evaluation of vertebral cancellous bone strength: in vitro validation. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2007; 22:282-91. [PMID: 17134802 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2006.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2006] [Revised: 08/24/2006] [Accepted: 10/17/2006] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the context of osteoporosis, important determinants of the fracture risk are the apparent strength and stiffness of cancellous bone, as well as its brittleness and energy absorption capacity. Standard medical imaging, however, cannot measure these mechanical properties directly. Consequently, an estimation of the risk for fracture is made by correlating relative density or mineral density at a skeletal site with statistics of fracture occurrence, which provides limited and partial indications on fracture risks. A better method for evaluating the patient-specific mechanical properties of cancellous bone is therefore required. METHODS In order to asses the mechanical properties of vertebral cancellous bone, we developed a finite element parametric model of lattice trabecular architecture that, in the future, will be suitable for use with bone imaging modalities. The model inputs are apparent morphological parameters (trabecular thickness and trabecular separation) and the bone mineral density. We conducted uniaxial compression tests on 36 canine vertebral cancellous bone specimens (C7 and L1) to validate model predictions of strength and stiffness in vitro. FINDINGS Predictions of strength and stiffness matched the experimental results within relative absolute errors of 17.7% and 12.8%, respectively (average of differences between model-predicted and measured values, divided by the average of measured values). We also employed the model for evaluation of strength and stiffness of human L1 and L5 vertebrae and found mean strength of 1.67 MPa (confidence interval 0.42 MPa) and mean elastic modulus of 190 MPa (confidence interval 50 MPa), which are well within the range of previously reported apparent strength and stiffness properties. INTERPRETATION The present model can be used to improve medical imaging-based evaluation of the spine in osteoporotic individuals by providing more specific information on the individual bone's susceptibility to fracture once clinical bone scans will be able to provide more reliable measures of trabecular thickness and separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Diamant
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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Reich T, Gefen A. Effect of trabecular bone loss on cortical strain rate during impact in an in vitro model of avian femur. Biomed Eng Online 2006; 5:45. [PMID: 16854237 PMCID: PMC1544337 DOI: 10.1186/1475-925x-5-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2006] [Accepted: 07/19/2006] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoporotic hip fractures occur due to loss of cortical and trabecular bone mass and consequent degradation in whole bone strength. The direct cause of most fractures is a fall, and hence, characterizing the mechanical behavior of a whole osteopenic bone under impact is important. However, very little is known about the mechanical interactions between cortical and trabecular bone during impact, and it is specifically unclear to what extent epiphyseal trabecular bone contributes to impact resistance of whole bones. We hypothesized that trabecular bone serves as a structural support to the cortex during impact, and hence, loss of a critical mass of trabecular bone reduces internal constraining of the cortex, and, thereby, decreases the impact tolerance of the whole bone. Methods To test this hypothesis, we conducted cortical strain rate measurements in adult chicken's proximal femora subjected to a Charpy impact test, after removing different trabecular bone core masses to simulate different osteopenic severities. Results We found that removal of core trabecular bone decreased by ~10-fold the cortical strain rate at the side opposite to impact (p < 0.01), i.e. from 359,815 ± 1799 μm/m per second (mean ± standard error) for an intact (control) specimen down to 35,997 ± 180 μm/m per second where 67% of the total trabecular bone mass (~0.7 grams in adult chicken) were removed. After normalizing the strain rate by the initial weight of bone specimens, a sigmoid relation emerged between normalized strain rate and removed mass of trabecular bone, showing very little effect on the cortex strain rate if below 10% of the trabecular mass is removed, but most of the effect was already apparent for less than 30% trabecular bone loss. An analytical model of the experiments supported this behavior. Conclusion We conclude that in our in vitro avian model, loss of over 10% of core trabecular bone substantially altered the deformation response of whole bone to impact, which supports the above hypothesis and indicates that integrity of trabecular bone is critical for resisting impact loads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Reich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Amit Gefen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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Abstract
This paper presents a feasibility study of drilling in fresh wet bone tissue in vitro using the microwave drill method [Jerby et al, 2002], toward testing its applicability in orthopaedic surgery. The microwave drill uses a near-field focused energy (typically, power under approximately 200 W at 2.45-GHz frequency) in order to penetrate bone in a drilling speed of approximately 1 mm/s. The effect of microwave drilling on mechanical properties of whole ovine tibial and chicken femoral bones drilled in vitro was studied using three-point-bending strength and fatigue tests. Properties were compared to those of geometrically similar bones that were equivalently drilled using the currently accepted mechanical rotary drilling method. Strength of mid-shaft, elastic moduli, and cycles to failure in fatigue were statistically indistinguishable between specimen groups assigned for microwave and mechanical drilling. Carbonized margins around the microwave-drilled hole were approximately 15% the hole diameter. Optical and scanning electron microscopy studies showed that the microwave drill produces substantially smoother holes in cortical bone than those produced by a mechanical drill. The hot spot produced by the microwave drill has the potential for overcoming two major problems presently associated with mechanical drilling in cortical and trabecular bone during orthopaedic surgeries: formation of debris and rupture of bone vasculature during drilling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Eshet
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
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