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Darshna, Kumar R, Srivastava P, Chandra P. Bioengineering of bone tissues using bioreactors for modulation of mechano-sensitivity in bone. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2023:1-41. [PMID: 36596226 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2162249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Since the last decade, significant developments have been made in the area of bone tissue engineering associated with the emergence of novel biomaterials as well as techniques of scaffold fabrication. Despite all these developments, the translation from research findings to clinical applications is still very limited. Manufacturing the designed tissue constructs in a scalable manner remains the most challenging aspect. This bottleneck could be overcome by using bioreactors for the manufacture of these tissue constructs. In this review, a current scenario of bone injuries/defects and the cause of the translational gap between laboratory research and clinical use has been emphasized. Furthermore, various bioreactors being used in the area of bone tissue regeneration in recent studies have been highlighted along with their advantages and limitations. A vivid literature survey on the ideal attributes of bioreactors has been accounted, viz. dynamic, versatile, automated, reproducible and commercialization aspects. Additionally, the illustration of computational approaches that should be combined with bone tissue engineering experiments using bioreactors to simulate and optimize cellular growth in bone tissue constructs has also been done extensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshna
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Pradeep Srivastava
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Pranjal Chandra
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
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Lee H, Marin-Araujo AE, Aoki FG, Haykal S, Waddell TK, Amon CH, Romero DA, Karoubi G. Computational fluid dynamics for enhanced tracheal bioreactor design and long-segment graft recellularization. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1187. [PMID: 33441927 PMCID: PMC7807076 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80841-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Successful re-epithelialization of de-epithelialized tracheal scaffolds remains a challenge for tracheal graft success. Currently, the lack of understanding of the bioreactor hydrodynamic environment, and its relation to cell seeding outcomes, serve as major obstacles to obtaining viable tracheal grafts. In this work, we used computational fluid dynamics to (a) re-design the fluid delivery system of a trachea bioreactor to promote a spatially uniform hydrodynamic environment, and (b) improve the perfusion cell seeding protocol to promote homogeneous cell deposition. Lagrangian particle-tracking simulations showed that low rates of rotation provide more uniform circumferential and longitudinal patterns of cell deposition, while higher rates of rotation only improve circumferential uniformity but bias cell deposition proximally. Validation experiments with human bronchial epithelial cells confirm that the model accurately predicts cell deposition in low shear stress environments. We used the acquired knowledge from our particle tracking model, as a guide for long-term tracheal repopulation studies. Cell repopulation using conditions resulting in low wall shear stress enabled enhanced re-epithelialization of long segment tracheal grafts. While our work focuses on tracheal regeneration, lessons learned in this study, can be applied to culturing of any tissue engineered tubular scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hankyu Lee
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Alba E Marin-Araujo
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
- Latner Research Laboratories, Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Fabio G Aoki
- Latner Research Laboratories, Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
- Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, R. Talim, 330, Sao Jose dos Campos, SP, 12231-280, Brazil
| | - Siba Haykal
- Latner Research Laboratories, Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
- Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, ON, M5G2C4, Canada
| | - Thomas K Waddell
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
- Latner Research Laboratories, Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Cristina H Amon
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G8, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - David A Romero
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G8, Canada.
| | - Golnaz Karoubi
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G8, Canada.
- Latner Research Laboratories, Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada.
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Salinas EY, Hu JC, Athanasiou K. A Guide for Using Mechanical Stimulation to Enhance Tissue-Engineered Articular Cartilage Properties. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2018; 24:345-358. [PMID: 29562835 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2018.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of tissue-engineered articular cartilage (TEAC) constructs has the potential to become a powerful treatment option for cartilage lesions resulting from trauma or early stages of pathology. Although fundamental tissue-engineering strategies based on the use of scaffolds, cells, and signals have been developed, techniques that lead to biomimetic AC constructs that can be translated to in vivo use are yet to be fully confirmed. Mechanical stimulation during tissue culture can be an effective strategy to enhance the mechanical, structural, and cellular properties of tissue-engineered constructs toward mimicking those of native AC. This review focuses on the use of mechanical stimulation to attain and enhance the properties of AC constructs needed to translate these implants to the clinic. In vivo, mechanical loading at maximal and supramaximal physiological levels has been shown to be detrimental to AC through the development of degenerative changes. In contrast, multiple studies have revealed that during culture, mechanical stimulation within narrow ranges of magnitude and duration can produce anisotropic, mechanically robust AC constructs with high cellular viability. Significant progress has been made in evaluating a variety of mechanical stimulation techniques on TEAC, either alone or in combination with other stimuli. These advancements include determining and optimizing efficacious loading parameters (e.g., duration and frequency) to yield improvements in construct design criteria, such as collagen II content, compressive stiffness, cell viability, and fiber organization. With the advancement of mechanical stimulation as a potent strategy in AC tissue engineering, a compendium detailing the results achievable by various stimulus regimens would be of great use for researchers in academia and industry. The objective is to list the qualitative and quantitative effects that can be attained when direct compression, hydrostatic pressure, shear, and tensile loading are used to tissue-engineer AC. Our goal is to provide a practical guide to their use and optimization of loading parameters. For each loading condition, we will also present and discuss benefits and limitations of bioreactor configurations that have been used. The intent is for this review to serve as a reference for including mechanical stimulation strategies as part of AC construct culture regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelia Y Salinas
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of California , Irvine, California
| | - Jerry C Hu
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of California , Irvine, California
| | - Kyriacos Athanasiou
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of California , Irvine, California
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Parkes M, Cann P, Jeffers J. Real-time observation of fluid flows in tissue during stress relaxation using Raman spectroscopy. J Biomech 2017; 60:261-265. [PMID: 28673665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This paper outlines a technique to measure fluid levels in articular cartilage tissue during an unconfined stress relaxation test. A time series of Raman spectrum were recorded during relaxation and the changes in the specific Raman spectral bands assigned to water and protein were monitored to determine the fluid content of the tissue. After 1000s unconfined compression the fluid content of the tissue is reduced by an average of 3.9%±1.7%. The reduction in fluid content during compression varies between samples but does not significantly increase with increasing strain. Further development of this technique will allow mapping of fluid distribution and flows during dynamic testing making it a powerful tool to understand the role of interstitial fluid in the functional performance of cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Parkes
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Bouet G, Marchat D, Cruel M, Malaval L, Vico L. In VitroThree-Dimensional Bone Tissue Models: From Cells to Controlled and Dynamic Environment. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2015; 21:133-56. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2013.0682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guenaelle Bouet
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Tissu Osseux, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale—U1059, Université de Lyon—Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - David Marchat
- Center for Biomedical and Healthcare Engineering, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, CIS-EMSE, CNRS:UMR 5307, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Magali Cruel
- University of Lyon, LTDS, UMR CNRS 5513, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Ecully, France
| | - Luc Malaval
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Tissu Osseux, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale—U1059, Université de Lyon—Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Laurence Vico
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Tissu Osseux, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale—U1059, Université de Lyon—Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France
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Alexander PG, Gottardi R, Lin H, Lozito TP, Tuan RS. Three-dimensional osteogenic and chondrogenic systems to model osteochondral physiology and degenerative joint diseases. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 239:1080-95. [PMID: 24994814 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214539232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineered constructs have the potential to function as in vitro pre-clinical models of normal tissue function and disease pathogenesis for drug screening and toxicity assessment. Effective high throughput assays demand minimal systems with clearly defined performance parameters. These systems must accurately model the structure and function of the human organs and their physiological response to different stimuli. Musculoskeletal tissues present unique challenges in this respect, as they are load-bearing, matrix-rich tissues whose functionality is intimately connected to the extracellular matrix and its organization. Of particular clinical importance is the osteochondral junction, the target tissue affected in degenerative joint diseases, such as osteoarthritis (OA), which consists of hyaline articular cartilage in close interaction with subchondral bone. In this review, we present an overview of currently available in vitro three-dimensional systems for bone and cartilage tissue engineering that mimic native physiology, and the utility and limitations of these systems. Specifically, we address the need to combine bone, cartilage and other tissues to form an interactive microphysiological system (MPS) to fully capture the biological complexity and mechanical functions of the osteochondral junction of the articular joint. The potential applications of three-dimensional MPSs for musculoskeletal biology and medicine are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter G Alexander
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, 15219 USA
| | - Riccardo Gottardi
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, 15219 USA Ri.MED Foundation, Palermo, I-90133 Italy
| | - Hang Lin
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, 15219 USA
| | - Thomas P Lozito
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, 15219 USA
| | - Rocky S Tuan
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, 15219 USA Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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Li ST, Liu Y, Zhou Q, Lue RF, Song L, Dong SW, Guo P, Kopjar B. A Novel Axial-Stress Bioreactor System Combined with a Substance Exchanger for Tissue Engineering of 3D Constructs. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2014; 20:205-14. [PMID: 23822092 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2013.0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Song-Tao Li
- National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, P.R. China
- No. 181 hospital of PLA, P.R. China
| | - Yong Liu
- National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, P.R. China
| | | | - Lei Song
- National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Wu Dong
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, College of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, P.R. China
| | - Ping Guo
- National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, P.R. China
| | - Branko Kopjar
- Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Rauh J, Milan F, Günther KP, Stiehler M. Bioreactor Systems for Bone Tissue Engineering. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2011; 17:263-80. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2010.0612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Rauh
- Department of Orthopedics and Centre for Translational Bone, Joint, and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Falk Milan
- Department of Orthopedics and Centre for Translational Bone, Joint, and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Günther
- Department of Orthopedics and Centre for Translational Bone, Joint, and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maik Stiehler
- Department of Orthopedics and Centre for Translational Bone, Joint, and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
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Paten JA, Zareian R, Saeidi N, Melotti SA, Ruberti JW. Design and performance of an optically accessible, low-volume, mechanobioreactor for long-term study of living constructs. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2011; 17:775-88. [PMID: 21413901 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2010.0642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently available bioreactor systems used by tissue engineers permit either direct, high-magnification observation of cell behavior or application of mechanical loads to growing tissue constructs, but not both simultaneously. Further, in most loading bioreactors, the volume of the dead space is not minimized to reduce the cost associated with perfusion media, exogenous stimulatory/inhibitory agents, proteases, and label. We have designed, developed, and tested a bioreactor that simultaneously satisfies the combined requirements of providing (i) controlled tensile mechanical stimulation, (ii) direct high-magnification imaging capability, and (iii) low dead-space volume. This novel mechanostimulatory (uniaxial tensile loading) bioreactor operates on an inverted microscope and permits continuous optical access (up to 600×) to a loaded, growing construct for extended periods of time (weeks). The reactor employs an adjustable reaction chamber in which the dead space can be reduced to <2 mL. The device has been used to cultivate our human primary corneal fibroblast-derived, tissue-engineered system for up to 14 days. Using the instrument we have successfully recorded (i) the process of fibroblasts populating, growing to confluence, and stratifying on different substrates; (ii) recorded complex and organized cell sheet motions; and (iii) recorded the behavior of a subpopulation of what appear to be degradative/catabolic cells within our fibroblast culture. The device is capable of providing detailed, long-term, dynamic images of mechanically stimulated cell/matrix interaction that have not been observed previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Paten
- Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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