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Arefin NM, Good BC. Investigation of cardiopulmonary bypass parameters on embolus transport in a patient-specific aorta. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2024; 23:1765-1780. [PMID: 38884891 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-024-01867-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Neurological complexities resulting from surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) remain a major concern, encompassing a spectrum of complications including thromboembolic stroke and various cognitive impairments. Surgical manipulation during CPB is considered the primary cause of these neurological complications. This study addresses the overall lack of knowledge concerning CPB hemodynamics within the aorta, employing a combined experimental-computational modeling approach, featuring computational fluid dynamics simulations validated with an in vitro CPB flow loop under steady conditions. Parametric studies were systematically performed, varying parameters associated with CPB techniques (pump flow rate and hemodiluted blood viscosity) and properties related to formed emboli (size and density). This represents the first comprehensive investigation into the individual and combined effects of these factors. Our findings reveal critical insights into the operating conditions of CPB, indicating a positive correlation between pump flow rate and emboli transport into the aortic branches, potentially increasing the risk of stroke. It was also found that larger emboli were more often transported into the aortic branches at higher pump flow rates, while smaller emboli preferred lower flow rates. Further, as blood is commonly diluted during CPB to decrease its viscosity, more emboli were found to enter the aortic branches with greater hemodilution. The combined effects of these parameters are captured using the non-dimensional Stokes number, which was found to positively correlate with emboli transport into the aortic branches. These findings contribute to our understanding of embolic stroke risk factors during CPB and shed light on the complex interplay between CPB parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafis M Arefin
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Bryan C Good
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.
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2
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Kim BJ, Lee C. Optimizing inferior vena cava filter design: A computational fluid dynamics study on strut configuration for enhanced hemodynamic performance and thrombosis reduction. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32667. [PMID: 38912484 PMCID: PMC11193039 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and objective Inferior vena cava filters have been shown to be effective in preventing deep vein thrombosis and its secondary complication, pulmonary embolism, thereby reducing the high mortality rate. Although inferior vena cava filters have evolved, specific complications like inferior vena cava thrombosis-induced deep vein thrombosis worsening and recurrent pulmonary embolism continue to pose challenges. This study analyzes the effects of geometric parameter variations of inferior vena cava filters, which have a significant impact on the thrombus formation inside the filter, the capture, dissolution, and hemodynamic flow of thrombus, as well as the shear stress on the filter and vascular wall. Methods This study used computational fluid dynamic simulations with the carreau model to investigate the impact of varying inferior vena cava filter design parameters (number of struts, strut arm length, and tilt angle) on hemodynamics. Results Recirculation and stagnation areas due to flow velocity and pressure, along with wall shear stress values, were identified as key factors. It is important to find a balance between wall shear stress high enough to aid thrombolysis and low enough to prevent platelet activation. The results of this paper show that the risk of platelet activation and thrombus filtration may be lowest when the wall shear stress of the filter ranges from 0 to 4 [Pa], minimizing stress concentration within the filter. Conclusion 16 arm struts with a length of 20 mm and a tilt angle of 0° provide the best balance between thrombus capture and minimization of hemodynamic disturbance. This configuration minimizes the size of the stagnation and recirculation zones while maintaining sufficient wall shear stress for thrombus dissolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong-Jun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School, Pusan National University, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Chiseung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea
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3
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Wang X, Wang H, Qian H, Su H, Lou D, Tian L, Chen D, Ding H, Fan F. Design and performance analysis of a new inferior vena cava filter. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38461446 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2024.2326084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
This study proposes a novel inferior vena cava filter (IVCF) design, "Lotus," aiming to enhance release stability and endothelialization. A catheter-filter-vessel model was established for IVCF property analysis, validated by comparing numerical simulations and in vitro tests. Lotus's mechanical properties were analyzed, and optimization suggestions are provided. Compared to existing clinical filters, Lotus demonstrates improved release stability and thrombus capture ability. This work suggests Lotus as a potential technical reference for improved IVCF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianying Wang
- Department of Civil Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong, China
| | - Huajie Wang
- Department of Civil Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong, China
| | - Hongliang Qian
- Department of Civil Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong, China
| | - Hongdong Su
- Shandong Weigao Intervention Medical Technology Co.Ltd, Weihai, Shandong, China
- Department of Research and Development, Shangdong Visee Medical Device, Weihai, Shandong, China
| | - Deda Lou
- Shenzhen Chuangxin Medical Technology Co,.Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lijian Tian
- Shandong Weigao Intervention Medical Technology Co.Ltd, Weihai, Shandong, China
- Department of Research and Development, Shangdong Visee Medical Device, Weihai, Shandong, China
| | - Deshen Chen
- Department of Civil Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong, China
| | - Huafang Ding
- Department of Research and Development, Shangdong Visee Medical Device, Weihai, Shandong, China
| | - Feng Fan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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4
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Feng H, Li C, Feng H. Numerical simulation and in vitro experimental study of thrombus capture efficiency of a new retrievable vena cava filter. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2023; 26:2034-2046. [PMID: 36625716 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2022.2163849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The vena cava filter is a filtering device to prevent pulmonary embolism caused by thrombosis from lower limbs and pelvis. A new retrievable vena cava filter was evaluated in this paper. To evaluate the hemodynamic performance and thrombus capture efficiency after transplantation, numerical simulation of computational fluid dynamics was performed. In this paper, the two-phase flow model of computational fluid dynamics software was used to analyze the outlet blood flow velocity, inlet-outlet pressure difference, filter wall shear stress, the ratio of area with wall shear stress, and the thrombus capture efficiency with the thrombus diameter of 5 mm, 10 mm, 15 mm and the thrombus content of 10%, 20%, 30%, respectively. Additionally, in vitro experimental test was performed to compare its thrombus capture efficiency with Denali and Aegisy Filters. The Denali Filter showed the least interference with the blood flow, followed by the new filter and the Aegisy Filter. The results indicated that the new filter had a higher capture rate in capturing 5mm small-diameter thrombus. This research certain theoretical significance and reference value for the research and development of the new vena cava filters as well as the evaluation of the thrombus capture efficiency of the filters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiquan Feng
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, P.R. China
| | - Changsheng Li
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, P.R. China
| | - Haoxiang Feng
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, P.R. China
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5
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Ponnaluri SV, Hariharan P, Herbertson LH, Manning KB, Malinauskas RA, Craven BA. Results of the Interlaboratory Computational Fluid Dynamics Study of the FDA Benchmark Blood Pump. Ann Biomed Eng 2023; 51:253-269. [PMID: 36401112 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-022-03105-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is widely used to simulate blood-contacting medical devices. To be relied upon to inform high-risk decision making, however, model credibility should be demonstrated through validation. To provide robust data sets for validation, researchers at the FDA and collaborators developed two benchmark medical device flow models: a nozzle and a centrifugal blood pump. Experimental measurements of the flow fields and hemolysis were acquired using each model. Concurrently, separate open interlaboratory CFD studies were performed in which participants from around the world, who were blinded to the measurements, submitted CFD predictions of each benchmark model. In this study, we report the results of the interlaboratory CFD study of the FDA benchmark blood pump. We analyze the results of 24 CFD submissions using a wide range of different flow solvers, methods, and modeling parameters. To assess the accuracy of the CFD predictions, we compare the results with experimental measurements of three quantities of interest (pressure head, velocity field, and hemolysis) at different pump operating conditions. We also investigate the influence of different CFD methods and modeling choices used by the participants. Our analyses reveal that, while a number of CFD submissions accurately predicted the pump performance for individual cases, no single participant was able to accurately predict all quantities of interest across all conditions. Several participants accurately predicted the pressure head at all conditions and the velocity field in all but one or two cases. Only one of the eight participants who submitted hemolysis results accurately predicted absolute plasma free hemoglobin levels at a majority of the conditions, though most participants were successful at predicting relative hemolysis levels between conditions. Overall, this study highlights the need to validate CFD modeling of rotary blood pumps across the entire range of operating conditions and for all quantities of interest, as some operating conditions and regions (e.g., the pump diffuser) are more challenging to accurately predict than others. All quantities of interest should be validated because, as shown here, it is possible to accurately predict hemolysis despite having relatively inaccurate predictions of the flow field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sailahari V Ponnaluri
- Division of Applied Mechanics, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Prasanna Hariharan
- Division of Applied Mechanics, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Luke H Herbertson
- Division of Applied Mechanics, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Keefe B Manning
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.,Department of Surgery, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Richard A Malinauskas
- Division of Applied Mechanics, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Brent A Craven
- Division of Applied Mechanics, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
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6
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Shahid MU, Nirgudkar N, Chandra V, Gonzales S, Kumar A. Influence of Exercise on Inferior Vena Cava Wall Interaction with Inferior Vena Cava Filters: Results of a Pilot In Vivo Porcine Study. THE ARAB JOURNAL OF INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1757782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to assess the effect of mild exercise on inferior vena cava (IVC) filter interaction with imaging and pathological features with the neighboring vessel wall utilizing a porcine model.
Methods After Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) approval, retrievable Option Elite IVC filters were implanted in six Yorkshire pigs utilizing the right common femoral vein approach under general anesthesia. Group A (n = 4) pigs remained sedentary for 4 weeks. Group B (n = 2) pigs were exercised using a harness and treadmill for 10 minutes/day for 4 days/week. At approximately 4 weeks, IVC venograms were performed and the pigs were sacrificed. After laparotomy, the IVC was ligated above and below the filter, excised and fixed in formalin. Gross and histological examination of the IVC was performed. Gross images of each sample were captured before removal of the filters. One longitudinal, one tangential, and five transverse representative sections were processed for paraffin sectioning and hematoxylin and eosin slides were prepared. A pathologist examined all tissues to assess differences between normal vein, group A and group B pigs. The pathologist provided an overall assessment and representative images.
Results All IVC filter implantations were technically successful without adverse effects. There was no incidence of caval thrombosis, filter strut fracture, or filter migration in either group. On gross pathological examination, IVC of the pigs in group B demonstrated more perivascular and mural fibrosis than those pigs in group A. Histopathological findings correlated with gross findings.
Conclusions In this pilot study, there were no incidence of IVC filter strut fracture, penetration or IVC occlusion in sedentary or exercised pigs. However, there tended to be more perivascular and mural fibrosis on pathological examination of inferior vena cavas from exercised pigs. Further larger scale studies may employ the porcine model to further understand the role exercise may play on IVC filter and caval wall interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Usman Shahid
- Department of Radiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, United States
| | - Neel Nirgudkar
- Department of Radiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, United States
| | - Vishnu Chandra
- Department of Radiology, University of Virginia Medical School, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Sharon Gonzales
- Department of Radiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, United States
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- Department of Radiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, United States
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7
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Li M, Wang J, Huang W, Zhou Y, Song X. Evaluation of hemodynamic effects of different inferior vena cava filter heads using computational fluid dynamics. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1034120. [PMID: 36299290 PMCID: PMC9589238 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1034120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Inferior vena cava (IVC) filters are used to prevent pulmonary embolism in patients with deep vein thrombosis for whom anticoagulation is unresponsive. The head is a necessary structure for an Inferior vena cava filter (IVCF) in clinic use. At present, there are various head configurations for IVCFs. However, the effect of head pattern on the hemodynamics of IVCF is still a matter of unclear. In this study, computational fluid dynamics is used to simulate non-Newtonian blood flows around four IVCFs with different heads inside an IVC model, in which the Denali filter with a solid and hooked head is employed as a prototype, and three virtual variants are reconstructed either with a no-hook head or with a through-hole head for comparison. The simulation results show that the through-hole head can effectively avoid the recirculation region and weaken the blood flow stasis closely downstream the IVCF head. The shape change of the filter head has no significant effect on the blood flow acceleration inside the IVCF cone as well as little influence on the wall shear stress (WSS) distribution on the filter wire surface and IVC wall. The structure pattern of filter head greatly affects the flow resistance of its own. However, the flow drag of filter head only occupies a small proportion of the total resistance of IVCF. Therefore, to reduce the flow resistance of an IVCF should optimize its whole structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingrui Li
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingying Wang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Jingying Wang, ; Wen Huang,
| | - Wen Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Jingying Wang, ; Wen Huang,
| | - Yue Zhou
- School of Aeronautical Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Song
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Jinan Central Hospital, Jinan, China
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8
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Rajan A, S Makary M, D Martyn T, D Dowell J. Computational evaluation of inferior vena cava filters through computational fluid dynamics methods. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 27:116-121. [PMID: 33252333 DOI: 10.5152/dir.2020.19435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Numerical simulation is growing in its importance toward the design, testing and evaluation of medical devices. Computational fluid dynamics and finite element analysis allow improved calculation of stress, heat transfer, and flow to better understand the medical device environment. Current research focuses not only on improving medical devices, but also on improving the computational tools themselves. As methods and computer technology allow for faster simulation times, iterations and trials can be performed faster to collect more data. Given the adverse events associated with long-term inferior vena cava (IVC) filter placement, IVC filter design and device evaluation are of paramount importance. This work reviews computational methods used to develop, test, and improve IVC filters to ultimately serve the needs of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Rajan
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Mina S Makary
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Joshua D Dowell
- Northwest Radiology and St. Vincent Health, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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9
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Pillai A, Kathuria M, Bayona Molano MDP, Sutphin P, Kalva SP. An expert spotlight on inferior vena cava filters. Expert Rev Hematol 2021; 14:593-605. [PMID: 34139952 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2021.1943350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Inferior vena cava (IVC) filters are mechanical filtration devices designed as an alternative to surgical ligation/plication of the IVC. Their use has been controversial, especially with the introduction of retrievable filters and expanded/prophylactic indications.Areas covered: Authors discuss the types of available IVC filters, indications for placement, evidence on their effectiveness in general and specific patient populations, procedural considerations, off-label use, complications, and filter retrieval. This review is based on manuscripts/abstracts published from 1960 to 2021 on venous thromboembolism and IVC filters.Expert opinion: Despite the limited data on their effectiveness and survival benefit, IVC filters continue to play an important role in the treatment of patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) who cannot receive standard anticoagulation. There is no role of IVC filters in patients without VTE. While retrievable filters are desirable for short-term use, a dedicated team-based approach, and advanced training are required for their successful removal. Newer devices are promising in improving patient safety . The device manufacturers and regulatory agencies should consider specific approaches to track device-related adverse events. Population-based studies are required to establish optimal patient population who would benefit from these devices. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Pillai
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Manoj Kathuria
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | | | - Patrick Sutphin
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sanjeeva P Kalva
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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10
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Riley JM, Price NS, Saaid HM, Good BC, Aycock KI, Craven BA, Manning KB. In Vitro Clot Trapping Efficiency of the FDA Generic Inferior Vena Cava Filter in an Anatomical Model: An Experimental Fluid-Structure Interaction Benchmark. Cardiovasc Eng Technol 2021; 12:339-352. [PMID: 33683671 DOI: 10.1007/s13239-021-00524-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Robust experimental data for performing validation of fluid-structure interaction (FSI) simulations of the transport of deformable solid bodies in internal flow are currently lacking. This in vitro experimental study characterizes the clot trapping efficiency of a new generic conical-type inferior vena cava (IVC) filter in a rigid anatomical model of the IVC with carefully characterized test conditions, fluid rheological properties, and clot mechanical properties. METHODS Various sizes of spherical and cylindrical clots made of synthetic materials (nylon and polyacrylamide gel) and bovine blood are serially injected into the anatomical IVC model under worst-case exercise flow conditions. Clot trapping efficiencies and their uncertainties are then quantified for each combination of clot shape, size, and material. RESULTS Experiments reveal the clot trapping efficiency increases with increasing clot diameter and length, with trapping efficiencies ranging from as low as approximately 42% for small 3.2 mm diameter spherical clots up to 100% for larger clot sizes. Because of the asymmetry of the anatomical IVC model, the data also reveal the iliac vein of clot origin influences the clot trapping efficiency, with the trapping efficiency for clots injected into the left iliac vein up to a factor of 7.5 times greater than that for clots injected into the right iliac (trapping efficiencies of approximately 10% versus 75%, respectively). CONCLUSION Overall, this data set provides a benchmark for validating simulations predicting IVC filter clot trapping efficiency and, more generally, low-Reynolds number FSI modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Riley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, 122 Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - N S Price
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, 122 Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - H M Saaid
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, 122 Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - B C Good
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, 122 Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - K I Aycock
- Division of Applied Mechanics, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - B A Craven
- Division of Applied Mechanics, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - K B Manning
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, 122 Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA. .,Department of Surgery, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA.
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11
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Subramaniam DR, Gutmark E, Andersen N, Nielsen D, Mortensen K, Gravholt C, Backeljauw P, Gutmark-Little I. Influence of Material Model and Aortic Root Motion in Finite Element Analysis of Two Exemplary Cases of Proximal Aortic Dissection. J Biomech Eng 2021; 143:014504. [PMID: 32793953 DOI: 10.1115/1.4048084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The risk of type-A dissection is increased in subjects with connective tissue disorders and dilatation of the proximal aorta. The location and extents of vessel wall tears in these patients could be potentially missed during prospective imaging studies. The objective of this study is to estimate the distribution of systolic wall stress in two exemplary cases of proximal dissection using finite element analysis (FEA) and evaluate the sensitivity of the distribution to the choice of anisotropic material model and root motion. FEA was performed for predissection aortas, without prior knowledge of the origin and extents of vessel wall tear. The stress distribution was evaluated along the wall tear in the postdissection aortas. The stress distribution was compared for the Fung and Holzapfel models with and without root motion. For the subject with spiral dissection, peak stress coincided with the origin of the tear in the sinotubular junction. For the case with root dissection, maximum stress was obtained at the distal end of the tear. The FEA predicted tear pressure was 20% higher for the subject with root dissection as compared to the case with spiral dissection. The predicted tear pressure was higher (9-11%) for root motions up to 10 mm. The Holzapfel model predicted a tear pressure that was lower (8-15%) than the Fung model. The FEA results showed that both material response and root motion could potentially influence the predicted dissection pressure of the proximal aorta at least for conditions tested in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ephraim Gutmark
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0070
| | - Niels Andersen
- Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg 9100, Denmark
| | - Dorte Nielsen
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus 8200, Denmark
| | - Kristian Mortensen
- Cardiorespiratory Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Claus Gravholt
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus 8200, Denmark
| | - Philippe Backeljauw
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Iris Gutmark-Little
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
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12
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Wang J, Huang W, Zhou Y, Han F, Ke D, Lee C. Hemodynamic Analysis of VenaTech Convertible Vena Cava Filter Using Computational Fluid Dynamics. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:556110. [PMID: 33195121 PMCID: PMC7661937 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.556110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The VenaTech convertible filter (VTCF) has been widely used as an inferior vena cava (IVC) filter to prevent fatal pulmonary embolism in patients. However, its hemodynamics that greatly affect the filter efficacy and IVC patency are still unclear. This paper uses computational fluid dynamics with the Carreau model to simulate the non-Newtonian blood flows around the VTCF respectively deployed in the normal, reverse and three converted states in an IVC model. The results show that the prothrombotic stagnation zones are observed downstream from the normal, reverse and small open VTCFs, with the streamwise length is nearly eight times the IVC diameter. The no-slip boundary conditions of the thin-wire VTCF arms lead to the “viscous block” effect. The viscous block accelerates the blood flow by 5–15% inside the IVC and enhances the filter wall shear stress up to nearly 20 times that of the IVC only, which contributes to clot capture and thrombus lysis. The relative flow resistance is defined to evaluate the filter-induced resistance on the IVC blood flow that can be regarded as an index of IVC patency with the filter deployment. The flow resistance of the normal VTCF deployment increases dramatically by more than 60% compared with that of the IVC only and is a little higher (6%) than that of the reverse case. As the VTCF converts to a fully open configuration, the flow resistance gradually decreases to that of no filter. This work shows that even very thin VTCF arms can result in the viscous block effect and may cause significant hemodynamic impacts on clot capture, potential thrombosis and flow impedance inside the IVC. The present study also shows that CFD is a valuable and feasible in silico tool for analyzing the IVC filter hemodynamics to complement in vivo clinical and in vitro experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingying Wang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wen Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- School of Aeronautical Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Fangzhou Han
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dong Ke
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunhian Lee
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,School of Aeronautical Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
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13
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Li X, Haddadin I, McLennan G, Farivar B, Staub D, Beck A, Thompson D, Partovi S. Inferior vena cava filter – comprehensive overview of current indications, techniques, complications and retrieval rates. VASA 2020; 49:449-462. [DOI: 10.1024/0301-1526/a000887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Summary: Inferior vena cava (IVC) filter has been used to manage patients with pulmonary embolism and deep venous thrombosis. Its ease of use and the expansion of relative indications have led to a dramatic increase in IVC filter placement. However, IVC filters have been associated with a platitude of complications. Therefore, there exists a need to examine the current indications and identify the patient population at risk. In this paper, we comprehensively reviewed the current indications and techniques of IVC filter placement. Further, we examined the various complications associated with either permanent or retrievable IVC filters. Lastly, we examined the current data on filter retrieval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Section of Interventional Radiology, Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic Main Campus, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ihab Haddadin
- Section of Interventional Radiology, Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic Main Campus, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Gordon McLennan
- Section of Interventional Radiology, Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic Main Campus, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Behzad Farivar
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Sydell and Arnold Miller Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Daniel Staub
- Department of Angiology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Avi Beck
- Section of Interventional Radiology, Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic Main Campus, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Dustin Thompson
- Section of Interventional Radiology, Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic Main Campus, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sasan Partovi
- Section of Interventional Radiology, Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic Main Campus, Cleveland, OH, USA
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14
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López JM, Fortuny G, Puigjaner D, Herrero J, Marimon F. Hemodynamic effects of blood clots trapped by an inferior vena cava filter. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2020; 36:e3343. [PMID: 32323487 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.3343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The alteration of blood flow around an OPTEASE inferior vena cava filter with one or two blood clots attached was investigated by means of computational fluid dynamics. We used a patient-specific vein wall geometry, and we generated different clot models with shapes adapted to the filter and vein wall geometries. A total of eight geometries, with one or two clots and a total clot volume of 0.5 or 1 cm3 , were considered. A non-Newtonian model for blood viscosity was adopted and the possible development of turbulence was accounted for by means of a three-equation model. Two blood flow rates were considered for each case, representative for rest and exercise conditions. In exercise conditions, flow unsteadiness and even turbulence was detected in some cases. Pressure and wall shear stress (WSS) distributions were modified in all cases. Clots attached to the filter downstream basket considerably increased averaged WSS values by up to almost 50%. In all the cases a flow recirculation region appeared downstream of the clot. The degree of flow stagnation in these regions, an indicator of propensity to thrombogenesis, was estimated in terms of mean residence times and mean blood viscosity. High levels of flow stagnation were detected in rest conditions in the wake of those clots that were placed upstream from the filter. Our results suggest that one downstream placed big clot, showing a higher tendency to induce flow instabilities and turbulence, might be more harmful than two small clots placed in tandem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep M López
- Departament d'Enginyeria Informàtica i Matemàtiques, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Gerard Fortuny
- Departament d'Enginyeria Informàtica i Matemàtiques, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Dolors Puigjaner
- Departament d'Enginyeria Informàtica i Matemàtiques, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Joan Herrero
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Francesc Marimon
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalunya, Spain
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15
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Vosugh D, Nazem MN. Radiological evaluation of caudal vena cava in domestic shorthair cats with regard to right heart failure diagnosis. BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.2055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiology, an imaging technique, is used in checking small animals for cardiovascular and respiratory disorders. Cardiovascular disease such as congestive heart failure, pericardial heart disease, heart worms and disease that cause injury and lesion in the right atrium may lead to an enlarged right side of the heart and as a result cause the enlargement of caudal vena cava (CVC). It is not possible to make a complete comparison of CVC size, due to variety in size of the cats but the ratio of CVC size to the other anatomical structures makes this possibility that we have a better estimation of CVC size. So the aim of this study was to evaluate the ratio of CVC size to aorta (Ao), width of fourth rib (R4) and also the thoracic vertebral length (VL) in 20 male healthy and 20 Domestic Shorthair (DSH) cats with right heart failure (RHF). To this end, the ratio of CVC size to posterior aorta (Ao), the ratio of CVC size to width of the forth rib, the ratio of CVC size to the length of thoracic vertebrae above the site of trachea bifurcation, CVC/VL of 20 RHF cats to CVC/VL of 20 healthy SHD cats, and also Ao/VL ratios were calculated. Statistical analysis showed significant difference in the CVC/Ao and CVC/R4 between healthy and RHF cats. CVC/VL was increased in RHF cats in comparison to healthy ones (P<0.05) while Ao/VL in right heart failure DSH cats was lower than that in healthy DSH cats. The results showed that right heart failure disease in cats may lead to increase in the CVC/Ao, CVC/R4 and CVC/VL parameters in comparison with healthy cats. According to this study, the method that is used to diagnose the right heart failure in dogs could be used for cats too.
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16
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Gallagher MB, Aycock KI, Craven BA, Manning KB. Steady Flow in a Patient-Averaged Inferior Vena Cava-Part I: Particle Image Velocimetry Measurements at Rest and Exercise Conditions. Cardiovasc Eng Technol 2018; 9:641-653. [PMID: 30411228 PMCID: PMC10508872 DOI: 10.1007/s13239-018-00390-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although many previous computational fluid dynamics (CFD) studies have investigated the hemodynamics in the inferior vena cava (IVC), few studies have compared computational predictions to experimental data, and only qualitative comparisons have been made. Herein, we provide particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements of flow in a patient-averaged IVC geometry under idealized conditions typical of those used in the preclinical evaluation of IVC filters. METHODS Measurements are acquired under rest and exercise flow rate conditions in an optically transparent model fabricated using 3D printing. To ensure that boundary conditions are well-defined and to make follow-on CFD validation studies more convenient, fully-developed flow is provided at the inlets (i.e., the iliac veins) by extending them with straight rigid tubing longer than the estimated entrance lengths. Velocity measurements are then obtained at the downstream end of the tubing to confirm Poiseuille inflow boundary conditions. RESULTS Measurements in the infrarenal IVC reveal that flow profiles are blunter in the sagittal plane (minor axis) than in the coronal plane (major axis). Peak in-plane velocity magnitudes are 4.9 cm/s and 27 cm/s under the rest and exercise conditions, respectively. Flow profiles are less parabolic and exhibit more inflection points at the higher flow rate. Bimodal velocity peaks are also observed in the sagittal plane at the elevated flow condition. CONCLUSIONS The IVC geometry, boundary conditions, and infrarenal velocity measurements are provided for download on a free and publicly accessible repository at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7198703 . These data will facilitate future CFD validation studies of idealized, in vitro IVC hemodynamics and of similar laminar flows in vascular geometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen B Gallagher
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Kenneth I Aycock
- Division of Applied Mechanics, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Brent A Craven
- Division of Applied Mechanics, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Keefe B Manning
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA.
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17
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López JM, Fortuny G, Puigjaner D, Herrero J, Marimon F. A comparative CFD study of four inferior vena cava filters. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2018; 34:e2990. [PMID: 29603681 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.2990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Computational fluid dynamics was used to simulate the flow of blood within an inferior vena cava (IVC) geometry model that was reconstructed from computed tomography images obtained from a real patient. The main novelty of the present work is that we simulated the implantation of 4 different filter models in this realistic IVC geometry. We considered different blood flow rates in the range between Vin =20 and Vin =80 cm3 /s, and all simulations were performed with both the Newtonian and a non-Newtonian model for the blood viscosity. We compared the hemodynamics performance of the different filter models, and we paid a special attention to the total drag force, Fd , exerted by the blood flow on the filter surface. This force is the sum of 2 contributions: the viscous skin friction force, which was found to be roughly proportional to the filter surface area, and the pressure force, which depended on the particular filter geometry design. The Fd force is relevant because it must be balanced by the total force exerted by the filter hooks/struts on the IVC wall at the attachment locations. For the highest Vin value investigated, the variation in Fd among filters was from 116 to 308 dyne. We also showed how the present results can be extrapolated to obtain good estimates of the drag forces if the blood viscosity levels change, ie, if the patient with a filter implanted is treated with anticoagulant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep M López
- Departament d' Enginyeria Informàtica i Matemàtiques, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Gerard Fortuny
- Departament d' Enginyeria Informàtica i Matemàtiques, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Dolors Puigjaner
- Departament d' Enginyeria Informàtica i Matemàtiques, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Joan Herrero
- Departament d' Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Francesc Marimon
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Catalunya, Spain
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18
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Pérez-Andrés A, Peña E. Calibration of interface properties and application to a finite element model for predicting vena cava filter-induced vein wall failure. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2018; 34:e3098. [PMID: 29737629 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.3098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present a computational framework that integrates experimental techniques and finite element modeling to calibrate material fracture parameters of the vena cava and the interaction properties between a retrievable filter (Günther Tulip) and the vena cava wall. The fitted parameters were then used to analyze the interaction of the inferior vena cava filter with the vena cava during the deployment process. An idealized cava finite element model was then developed including residual stresses and physiological pressure conditions. Filter deployment was simulated, and a comprehensive study of tissue-filter interaction was performed by cohesive surface modeling. Simulations predict that there are no fracture areas for either model, so we can conclude that there is no penetration of the anchor into the vena cava. This suggests there are other physiological situations, such as the Valsalva maneuver, which could produce this penetration observed on some patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Estefanía Peña
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER's Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza, Spain
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19
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FENG HAIQUAN, WANG KUN, QIU HONGRAN, WANG DONG. RESEARCH ON BIOMECHANICS PROPERTIES AND HEMODYNAMICS PERFORMANCE OF THE CONVERTIBLE VENA CAVA FILTER. J MECH MED BIOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1142/s021951941740022x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This paper reveals the biomechanical properties and hemodynamics performance of the convertible vena cava filter while it was in the process of implantation and conversion in the blood vessels. This paper uses the finite element method and computational fluid dynamics to analyze the interaction mechanism and influence of the convertible vena cava filter while the filter was in the process of implantation and conversion in the blood vessels. Additionally, six pigs were used as experimental samples to verify the effects of the filter in the blood vessels. The computer-aided simulation results showed that it was easier to cause damage to the vessel wall prior to the filter being converted into support. On the contrary, the stress, the peak value of the blood vessel’s stress, the outlet velocity, and the supporting stiffness were reduced after the conversion. Due to the intimal hyperplasia, the supporting element was easy to fix on the inner surface of the blood vessels, which was helpful for the correct positioning of the filter after the conversion. Meanwhile, the animal experiments proved that the surface of inferior vena cava wall was relatively smooth, and the filter did not cause vascular wall rupture. The computer-aided simulation and animal experiments proved the reasonability of the structure of the filter design, and that the filter has good biomechanical properties. The results will provide more scientific reference for the clinical treatment and design of the filter.
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Affiliation(s)
- HAIQUAN FENG
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, P. R. China
| | - KUN WANG
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, P. R. China
| | - HONGRAN QIU
- Lepu Medical Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 102200, P. R. China
| | - DONG WANG
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, P. R. China
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20
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Subramaniam DR, Mylavarapu G, Fleck RJ, Amin RS, Shott SR, Gutmark EJ. Effect of airflow and material models on tissue displacement for surgical planning of pharyngeal airways in pediatric down syndrome patients. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2017; 71:122-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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21
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Computational predictions of the embolus-trapping performance of an IVC filter in patient-specific and idealized IVC geometries. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2017; 16:1957-1969. [DOI: 10.1007/s10237-017-0931-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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22
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Nicolás M, Lucea B, Laborda A, Peña E, De Gregorio MA, Martínez MA, Malvè M. Influence of a Commercial Antithrombotic Filter on the Caval Blood Flow During Neutra and Valsalva Maneuver. J Med Device 2017. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4035983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Anticoagulants are the treatment of choice for pulmonary embolism. When these fail or are contraindicated, vena cava filters are effective devices for preventing clots from the legs from migrating to the lung. Many uncertainties exist when a filter is inserted, especially during physiological activity such as normal breathing and the Valsalva maneuver. These activities are often connected with filter migration and vena cava damage due to the various related vein geometrical configurations. In this work, we analyzed the response of the vena cava during normal breathing and Valsalva maneuver, for a healthy vena cava and after insertion of a commercial Günther-Tulip® filter. Validated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and patient specific data are used for analyzing blood flow inside the vena cava during these maneuvers. While during normal breathing, the vena cava flow can be considered almost stationary with a very low pressure gradient, during Valsalva the extravascular pressure compresses the vena cava resulting in a drastic reduction of the vein section, a global flow decrease through the cava but increasing the velocity magnitude. This change in the section is altered by the presence of the filter which forces the section of the vena cava before the renal veins to keep open. The effect of the presence of the filter is investigated during these maneuvers showing changes in wall shear stress and velocity patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Nicolás
- Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), Universidad de Zaragoza, C/María de Luna s/n, Zaragoza E-50018, Spain
| | - B. Lucea
- Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), Universidad de Zaragoza, C/María de Luna s/n, Zaragoza E-50018, Spain
| | - A. Laborda
- Grupo de Investigación Técnicas de Mínima Invasión (GITMI), Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Miguel Servet 177, Zaragoza E-50013, Spain
| | - E. Peña
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), Universidad de Zaragoza, C/María de Luna s/n, Zaragoza E-50018, Spain
| | - M. A. De Gregorio
- Grupo de Investigación Técnicas de Mínima Invasión (GITMI), Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Miguel Servet 177, Zaragoza E-50013, Spain
| | - M. A. Martínez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), Universidad de Zaragoza, C/María de Luna s/n, Zaragoza E-50018, Spain
| | - M. Malvè
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Energetics and Materials, Public University of Navarra, Campus Arrosadía, Pamplona E-36001, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), Universidad de Zaragoza, C/María de Luna s/n, Zaragoza E-50018, Spain e-mail:
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An Experimental and Computational Study on the Effect of Caval Valved Stent Oversizing. Cardiovasc Eng Technol 2016; 7:254-69. [DOI: 10.1007/s13239-016-0268-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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24
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Taylor JO, Good BC, Paterno AV, Hariharan P, Deutsch S, Malinauskas RA, Manning KB. Analysis of Transitional and Turbulent Flow Through the FDA Benchmark Nozzle Model Using Laser Doppler Velocimetry. Cardiovasc Eng Technol 2016; 7:191-209. [DOI: 10.1007/s13239-016-0270-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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