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Pekas EJ, Allen MF, Park SY. Prolonged sitting and peripheral vascular function: potential mechanisms and methodological considerations. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 134:810-822. [PMID: 36794688 PMCID: PMC10042610 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00730.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Sitting time is associated with increased risks for subclinical atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease development, and this is thought to be partially due to sitting-induced disturbances in macro- and microvascular function as well as molecular imbalances. Despite surmounting evidence supporting these claims, contributing mechanisms to these phenomena remain largely unknown. In this review, we discuss evidence for potential mechanisms of sitting-induced perturbations in peripheral hemodynamics and vascular function and how these potential mechanisms may be targeted using active and passive muscular contraction methods. Furthermore, we also highlight concerns regarding the experimental environment and population considerations for future studies. Optimizing prolonged sitting investigations may allow us to not only better understand the hypothesized sitting-induced transient proatherogenic environment but to also enhance methods and devise mechanistic targets to salvage sitting-induced attenuations in vascular function, which may ultimately play a role in averting atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Pekas
- School of Health and Kinesiology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
| | - Michael F Allen
- School of Health and Kinesiology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
| | - Song-Young Park
- School of Health and Kinesiology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
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Ravichandran S, Sukumar S, Chandrasekaran B, Kadavigere R, N SK, Palaniswamy HP, Uppoor R, Ravichandran K, Almeshari M, Alzamil Y, Abanomy A. Influence of Sedentary Behaviour Interventions on Vascular Functions and Cognitive Functions in Hypertensive Adults-A Scoping Review on Potential Mechanisms and Recommendations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192215120. [PMID: 36429835 PMCID: PMC9690278 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Since the workplace has become desk-based and leisure time has become dominated by digital relaxation modes, the world is moving at a pace where physical activity has become a time-bound routine. The negative effects of extended sitting are a global concern since the workforce is becoming more desk based. There is a dearth of reviews that may link the knowledge on the effects of sedentary behaviour on hypertension and its accompanying damage to the brain and blood vessels and provide a future scope for the investigations connected to the relationship between sedentary behaviour and hypertension. Methods: Based on the database search and extensive research we did, we found studies that concentrated on the adverse effects of sedentary behaviour in association with blood pressure, cognitive decline and brain damage on adults. Results: We extracted 12 articles out of 20,625. We identified the potential adverse effects of sedentary behaviour, methods to reduce sedentary behaviour and the positive changes on health due to the interventions introduced. Sedentary lifestyle has shown a decline in human health. However, the visible symptoms presented later in life makes it very important to know the areas of decline and look for ways to curb the decline or procrastinate it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Ravichandran
- Department of Medical Imaging Technology, MCHP, MAHE, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Suresh Sukumar
- Department of Medical Imaging Technology, MCHP, MAHE, Manipal 576104, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Raghuraj Uppoor
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, K S Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE Deemed to Be University, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, Karnataka 575018, India
| | - Kayalvizhi Ravichandran
- Department of Medical Imaging Technology, K S Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE Deemed to Be University, Derelakatte, Mangaluru, Karnataka 575018, India
| | - Meshari Almeshari
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, College of Applied Medical Science, University of Hail, Ha’il 81442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser Alzamil
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, College of Applied Medical Science, University of Hail, Ha’il 81442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Abanomy
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Hart DA. Learning From Human Responses to Deconditioning Environments: Improved Understanding of the "Use It or Lose It" Principle. Front Sports Act Living 2021; 3:685845. [PMID: 34927066 PMCID: PMC8677937 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2021.685845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity, mobility or patterned mobility (i.e., exercise) is intrinsic to the functioning of Homo sapiens, and required for maintenance of health. Thus, systems such as the musculoskeletal and cardiovascular systems appear to require constant reinforcement or conditioning to maintain integrity. Loss of conditioning or development of chronic deconditioning can have multiple consequences. The study of different types of deconditioning and their prevention or reversal can offer a number of clues to the regulation of these systems and point to how deconditioning poses risk for disease development and progression. From the study of deconditioning associated with spaceflight, a condition not predicted by evolution, prolonged bedrest, protracted sedentary behavior, as well as menopause and obesity and their consequences, provide a background to better understand human heterogeneity and how physical fitness may impact the risks for chronic conditions subsequent to the deconditioning. The effectiveness of optimized physical activity and exercise protocols likely depend on the nature of the deconditioning, the sex and genetics of the individual, whether one is addressing prevention of deconditioning-associated disease or disease-associated progression, and whether it is focused on acute or chronic deconditioning associated with different forms of deconditioning. While considerable research effort has gone into preventing deconditioning, the study of the process of deconditioning and its endpoints can provide clues to the regulation of the affected systems and their contributions to human heterogeneity that have been framed by the boundary conditions of Earth during evolution and the "use it or lose it" principle of regulation. Such information regarding heterogeneity that is elaborated by the study of deconditioning environments could enhance the effectiveness of individualized interventions to prevent deconditions or rescue those who have become deconditioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Hart
- Bone and Joint Health Strategic Clinical Network, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Family Practice, Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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