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Hu S, Habib A, Xiong W, Chen L, Bi L, Wen L. Mass Spectrometry Imaging Techniques: Non-Ambient and Ambient Ionization Approaches. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2024:1-54. [PMID: 38889072 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2024.2362703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Molecular information can be acquired from sample surfaces in real time using a revolutionary molecular imaging technique called mass spectrometry imaging (MSI). The technique can concurrently provide high spatial resolution information on the spatial distribution and relative proportion of many different compounds. Thus, many scientists have been drawn to the innovative capabilities of the MSI approach, leading to significant focus in various fields during the past few decades. This review describes the sampling protocol, working principle and applications of a few non-ambient and ambient ionization mass spectrometry imaging techniques. The non-ambient techniques include secondary ionization mass spectrometry and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization, while the ambient techniques include desorption electrospray ionization, laser ablation electrospray ionization, probe electro-spray ionization, desorption atmospheric pressure photo-ionization and femtosecond laser desorption ionization. The review additionally addresses the advantages and disadvantages of ambient and non-ambient MSI techniques in relation to their suitability, particularly for biological samples used in tissue diagnostics. Last but not least, suggestions and conclusions are made regarding the challenges and future prospects of MSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shundi Hu
- The Research Institute of Advanced Technologies, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- China Innovation Instrument Co., Ltd, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ahsan Habib
- The Research Institute of Advanced Technologies, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Wei Xiong
- The Research Institute of Advanced Technologies, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- China Innovation Instrument Co., Ltd, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - La Chen
- The Research Institute of Advanced Technologies, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- China Innovation Instrument Co., Ltd, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Bi
- The Research Institute of Advanced Technologies, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- China Innovation Instrument Co., Ltd, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Luhong Wen
- The Research Institute of Advanced Technologies, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- China Innovation Instrument Co., Ltd, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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2
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Le MUT, Park JH, Son JG, Shon HK, Joh S, Chung CG, Cho JH, Pirkl A, Lee SB, Lee TG. Monitoring lipid alterations in Drosophila heads in an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis model with time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. Analyst 2024; 149:846-858. [PMID: 38167886 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01670f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Lipid alterations in the brain are well-documented in disease and aging, but our understanding of their pathogenic implications remains incomplete. Recent technological advances in assessing lipid profiles have enabled us to intricately examine the spatiotemporal variations in lipid compositions within the complex brain characterized by diverse cell types and intricate neural networks. In this study, we coupled time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) to an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Drosophila model, for the first time, to elucidate changes in the lipid landscape and investigate their potential role in the disease process, serving as a methodological and analytical complement to our prior approach that utilized matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. The expansion of G4C2 repeats in the C9orf72 gene is the most prevalent genetic factor in ALS. Our findings indicate that expressing these repeats in fly brains elevates the levels of fatty acids, diacylglycerols, and ceramides during the early stages (day 5) of disease progression, preceding motor dysfunction. Using RNAi-based genetic screening targeting lipid regulators, we found that reducing fatty acid transport protein 1 (FATP1) and Acyl-CoA-binding protein (ACBP) alleviates the retinal degeneration caused by G4C2 repeat expression and also markedly restores the G4C2-dependent alterations in lipid profiles. Significantly, the expression of FATP1 and ACBP is upregulated in G4C2-expressing flies, suggesting their contribution to lipid dysregulation. Collectively, our novel use of ToF-SIMS with the ALS Drosophila model, alongside methodological and analytical improvements, successfully identifies crucial lipids and related genetic factors in ALS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Uyen Thi Le
- Bio-imaging Team, Safety Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Nano Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hyang Park
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Gyeong Son
- Bio-imaging Team, Safety Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun Kyung Shon
- Bio-imaging Team, Safety Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sunho Joh
- Bio-imaging Team, Safety Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chang Geon Chung
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Ho Cho
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Alexander Pirkl
- IonTOF Technologies GmbH, Helsenbergstrasse 15, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Sung Bae Lee
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae Geol Lee
- Bio-imaging Team, Safety Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Nano Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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Barut I, Fletcher JS. Cell and tissue imaging by secondary ion mass spectrometry. Biointerphases 2023; 18:061202. [PMID: 38108477 DOI: 10.1116/6.0003140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This Tutorial focuses on the use of secondary ion mass spectrometry for the analysis of cellular and tissue samples. The Tutorial aims to cover the considerations in sample preparation analytical set up and some specific aspects of data interpretation associated with such analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inci Barut
- Department of Pharmacy, Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara 06330, Turkey
| | - John S Fletcher
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 413 90, Sweden
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Jang HJ, Le MUT, Park JH, Chung CG, Shon JG, Lee GS, Moon JH, Lee SB, Choi JS, Lee TG, Yoon S. Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Phospholipid Changes in a Drosophila Model of Early Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:2536-2545. [PMID: 34448582 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.1c00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a degenerative disease caused by motor neuron damage in the central nervous system, and it is difficult to diagnose early. Drosophila melanogaster is widely used to investigate disease mechanisms and discover biomarkers because it is easy to induce disease in Drosophila through genetic engineering. We performed matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) to investigate changes in phospholipid distribution in the brain tissue of an ALS-induced Drosophila model. Fly brain tissues of several hundred micrometers or less were sampled using a fly collar to obtain reproducible tissue sections of similar sizes. MSI of brain tissues of Drosophila cultured for 1 or 10 days showed that the distribution of phospholipids, including phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphatidylserine (PS), and phosphatidylinositol (PI), was significantly different between the control group and the ALS group. In addition, the lipid profile according to phospholipids differed as the culture time increased from 1 to 10 days. These results suggest that disease indicators based on lipid metabolites can be discovered by performing MALDI-MSI on very small brain tissue samples from the Drosophila disease model to ultimately assess the phospholipid changes that occur in early-stage ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jun Jang
- Bio-imaging Team, Safety Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Minh Uyen Thi Le
- Bio-imaging Team, Safety Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hyang Park
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Geon Chung
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Gyeong Shon
- Bio-imaging Team, Safety Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga Seul Lee
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hee Moon
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Bae Lee
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Sig Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Geol Lee
- Bio-imaging Team, Safety Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohee Yoon
- Bio-imaging Team, Safety Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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Tian H, Sheraz née Rabbani S, Vickerman JC, Winograd N. Multiomics Imaging Using High-Energy Water Gas Cluster Ion Beam Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry [(H 2O) n-GCIB-SIMS] of Frozen-Hydrated Cells and Tissue. Anal Chem 2021; 93:7808-7814. [PMID: 34038090 PMCID: PMC8190772 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c05210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Integration of multiomics at the single-cell level allows the unambiguous dissecting of phenotypic heterogeneity at different states such as health, disease, and biomedical response. Imaging mass spectrometry holds the promise of being able to measure multiple types of biomolecules in parallel in the same cell. We have explored the possibility of using water gas cluster ion beam secondary ion mass spectrometry [(H2O)n-GCIB-SIMS] as an analytical tool for multiomics assay. (H2O)n-GCIB has been hailed as an ideal ionization source for biological sampling owing to the enhanced chemical sensitivity and reduced matrix effect. Taking advantage of 1 μm spatial resolution by using a high-energy beam system, we have clearly shown the enhancement of multiple intact biomolecules up to a few hundredfold in single cells. Coupled with the cryogenic sample preparation/measurement, the lipids and metabolites were imaged simultaneously within the cellular region, uncovering the pristine chemistry for integrated omics in the same sample. We have demonstrated that double-charged myelin protein fragments and single-charged multiple lipids and metabolites can be localized in the same cells/tissue with a single acquisition. Our exploration has also been extended to the capability of (H2O)n-GCIB in the generation of multiple charged peptides on protein standards. Frozen hydration combined with (H2O)n-GCIB provides the possibility of universal enhancement for the ionization of multiple bio-molecules, including peptides/proteins which has allowed "omics" to become feasible in the same sample using SIMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Tian
- Department
of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | | | - John C. Vickerman
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology, University of
Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K.
| | - Nicholas Winograd
- Department
of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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Sämfors S, Fletcher JS. Lipid Diversity in Cells and Tissue Using Imaging SIMS. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2020; 13:249-271. [PMID: 32212820 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-091619-103512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are an important class of biomolecules with many roles within cells and tissue. As targets for study, they present several challenges. They are difficult to label, as many labels lack the specificity to the many different lipid species or the labels maybe larger than the lipids themselves, thus severely perturbing the natural chemical environment. Mass spectrometry provides exceptional specificity and is often used to examine lipid extracts from different samples. However, spatial information is lost during extraction. Of the different imaging mass spectrometry methods available, secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is unique in its ability to analyze very small features, with probe sizes <50 nm available. It also offers high surface sensitivity and 3D imaging capability on a subcellular scale. This article reviews the current capabilities and some remaining challenges associated with imaging the diverse lipids present in cell and tissue samples. We show how the technique has moved beyond show-and-tell, proof-of-principle analysis and is now being used to address real biological challenges. These include imaging the microenvironment of cancer tumors, probing the pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury, or tracking the lipid composition through bacterial membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Sämfors
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden;
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - John S Fletcher
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden;
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Gulin AA, Nadtochenko VA, Pogorelova VN, Melnikov MY, Pogorelov AG. Sample Preparation of Biological Tissues and Cells for the Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s106193482006009x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Yang FY, Chen JH, Ruan QQ, Saqib HSA, He WY, You MS. Mass spectrometry imaging: An emerging technology for the analysis of metabolites in insects. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 103:e21643. [PMID: 31667894 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) can visualize the composition, abundance, and spatial distribution of molecules in tissues or cells, which has been widely used in the research of life science. Insects, especially the agricultural pests, have received a great deal of interests from the scientists in biodiversity and food security. This review introduces the major characteristics of MSI, summarizes its application to the investigation of insect endogenous metabolites, exogenous metabolites, and the spatiotemporal changes of metabolites between insects and plants, and discusses its shortfalls and perspectives. The significance of these concerns is beneficial for future insect research such as physiology and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jun-Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qian-Qian Ruan
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hafiz S A Saqib
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei-Yi He
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Min-Sheng You
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Yoon S, Lee TG. Biological tissue sample preparation for time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) imaging. NANO CONVERGENCE 2018; 5:24. [PMID: 30467706 PMCID: PMC6153193 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-018-0157-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) imaging is an analytical technique rapidly expanding in use in biological studies. This technique is based on high spatial resolution (50-100 nm), high surface sensitivity (1-2 nm top-layer), and statistical analytic power. In mass spectrometry imaging (MSI), sample preparation is a crucial step to maintaining the natural state of the biomolecules and providing accurate spatial information. However, a number of problems associated with temperature changes in tissue samples such as loss of original distribution due to undesired molecular migration during the sample preparation or reduced ionization efficiency make it difficult to accurately perform MSI. Although frozen hydrate analysis is the ideal sample preparation method to eliminate the effects of temperature, this approach is hindered by mechanical limitations. Alternatively, an adhesive-tape-supported mounting and freeze-drying preparation has been proposed. This paper provides a concise review of the sample preparation procedures, a review of current issues, and proposes efficacious solutions for ToF-SIMS imaging in biological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohee Yoon
- Center for Nano-Bio Measurement, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon, 34113 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Geol Lee
- Center for Nano-Bio Measurement, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon, 34113 Republic of Korea
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