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Van Guyse JFR, Bernhard Y, Podevyn A, Hoogenboom R. Non-activated Esters as Reactive Handles in Direct Post-Polymerization Modification. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202303841. [PMID: 37335931 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202303841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Non-activated esters are prominently featured functional groups in polymer science, as ester functional monomers display great structural diversity and excellent compatibility with a wide range of polymerization mechanisms. Yet, their direct use as a reactive handle in post-polymerization modification has been typically avoided due to their low reactivity, which impairs the quantitative conversion typically desired in post-polymerization modification reactions. While activated ester approaches are a well-established alternative, the modification of non-activated esters remains a synthetic and economically valuable opportunity. In this review, we discuss past and recent efforts in the utilization of non-activated ester groups as a reactive handle to facilitate transesterification and aminolysis/amidation reactions, and the potential of the developed methodologies in the context of macromolecular engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim F R Van Guyse
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yann Bernhard
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Université de Lorraine, UMR CNRS 7053 L2CM, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, BP 70239, 54506, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Annelore Podevyn
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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2
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Van Guyse JFR, Leiske MN, Verjans J, Bernhard Y, Hoogenboom R. Accelerated Post‐Polymerization Amidation of Polymers with Side‐Chain Ester Groups by Intramolecular Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201781. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joachim F. R. Van Guyse
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC) Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281 S4 9000 Ghent Belgium
- Present address: Innovation Center of NanoMedicine Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion 3-25-14, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku Kawasaki 210-0821 Japan
| | - Meike N. Leiske
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC) Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281 S4 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Jente Verjans
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC) Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281 S4 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Yann Bernhard
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC) Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281 S4 9000 Ghent Belgium
- Present address: Université de Lorraine, UMR CNRS 7053 L2CM Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, BP 70239 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex France
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC) Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281 S4 9000 Ghent Belgium
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3
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Altinbasak I, Kocak S, Sanyal R, Sanyal A. Fast-Forming Dissolvable Redox-Responsive Hydrogels: Exploiting the Orthogonality of Thiol-Maleimide and Thiol-Disulfide Exchange Chemistry. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:3525-3534. [PMID: 35696518 PMCID: PMC9472223 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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Fast-forming yet
easily dissolvable hydrogels (HGs) have potential
applications in wound healing, burn incidences, and delivery of therapeutic
agents. Herein, a combination of a thiol–maleimide conjugation
and thiol–disulfide exchange reaction is employed to fabricate
fast-forming HGs which rapidly dissolve upon exposure to dithiothreitol
(DTT), a nontoxic thiol-containing hydrophilic molecule. In particular,
maleimide disulfide-terminated telechelic linear poly(ethylene glycol)
(PEG) polymer and PEG-based tetrathiol macromonomers are employed
as gel precursors, which upon mixing yield HGs within a minute. The
selectivity of the thiol–maleimide conjugation in the presence
of a disulfide linkage was established through 1H NMR spectroscopy
and Ellman’s test. Rapid degradation of HGs in the presence
of thiol-containing solution was evident from the reduction in storage
modulus. HGs encapsulated with fluorescent dye-labeled dextran polymers
and bovine serum albumin were fabricated, and their cargo release
was investigated under passive and active conditions upon exposure
to DTT. One can envision that the rapid gelation and fast on-demand
dissolution under relatively benign conditions would make these polymeric
materials attractive for a range of biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Altinbasak
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
| | - Salli Kocak
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
| | - Rana Sanyal
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Turkey.,Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
| | - Amitav Sanyal
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Turkey.,Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
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4
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Van Guyse JFR, Leiske MN, Verjans J, Bernhard Y, Hoogenboom R. Accelerated Post‐Polymerization Amidation of Polymers with Side‐Chain Ester Groups by Intramolecular Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joachim F. R. Van Guyse
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC) Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281 S4 9000 Ghent Belgium
- Present address: Innovation Center of NanoMedicine Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion 3-25-14, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku Kawasaki 210-0821 Japan
| | - Meike N. Leiske
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC) Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281 S4 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Jente Verjans
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC) Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281 S4 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Yann Bernhard
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC) Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281 S4 9000 Ghent Belgium
- Present address: Université de Lorraine, UMR CNRS 7053 L2CM Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, BP 70239 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex France
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC) Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281 S4 9000 Ghent Belgium
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Hahn D, Sonntag JM, Lück S, Maitz MF, Freudenberg U, Jordan R, Werner C. Poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazoline)-Heparin Hydrogels-Expanding the Physicochemical Parameter Space of Biohybrid Materials. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2101327. [PMID: 34541827 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-glycosaminoglycan (GAG) hydrogel networks are established as very versatile biomaterials. Herein, the synthetic gel component of the biohybrid materials is systematically varied by combining different poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazolines) (POx) with heparin applying a Michael-type addition crosslinking scheme: POx of gradated hydrophilicity and temperature-responsiveness provides polymer networks of distinctly different stiffness and swelling. Adjusting the mechanical properties and the GAG concentration of the gels to similar values allows for modulating the release of GAG-binding growth factors (VEGF165 and PDGF-BB) by the choice of the POx and its temperature-dependent conformation. Adsorption of fibronectin, growth of fibroblasts, and bacterial adhesion scale with the hydrophobicity of the gel-incorporated POx. In vitro hemocompatibility tests with freshly drawn human whole blood show advantages of POx-based gels compared to the PEG-based reference materials. Biohybrid POx hydrogels can therefore enable biomedical technologies requiring GAG-based materials with customized and switchable physicochemical characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Hahn
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden Max‐Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden Hohe Str. 6 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Jannick M. Sonntag
- Dresden Initiative for Bioactive Interfaces & Materials Technische Universität Dresden Mommsenstr. 4 01069 Dresden Germany
- Professur für Makromolekulare Chemie Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Technische Universität Dresden Mommsenstr. 4 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Steffen Lück
- Dresden Initiative for Bioactive Interfaces & Materials Technische Universität Dresden Mommsenstr. 4 01069 Dresden Germany
- Professur für Makromolekulare Chemie Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Technische Universität Dresden Mommsenstr. 4 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Manfred F. Maitz
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden Max‐Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden Hohe Str. 6 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Uwe Freudenberg
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden Max‐Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden Hohe Str. 6 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Rainer Jordan
- Dresden Initiative for Bioactive Interfaces & Materials Technische Universität Dresden Mommsenstr. 4 01069 Dresden Germany
- Professur für Makromolekulare Chemie Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Technische Universität Dresden Mommsenstr. 4 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Carsten Werner
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden Max‐Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden Hohe Str. 6 01069 Dresden Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD) Fetscherstr. 105 01307 Dresden Germany
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Hahn L, Beudert M, Gutmann M, Keßler L, Stahlhut P, Fischer L, Karakaya E, Lorson T, Thievessen I, Detsch R, Lühmann T, Luxenhofer R. From Thermogelling Hydrogels toward Functional Bioinks: Controlled Modification and Cytocompatible Crosslinking. Macromol Biosci 2021; 21:e2100122. [PMID: 34292657 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels are key components in bioink formulations to ensure printability and stability in biofabrication. In this study, a well-known Diels-Alder two-step post-polymerization modification approach is introduced into thermogelling diblock copolymers, comprising poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) and thermoresponsive poly(2-n-propyl-2-oxazine). The diblock copolymers are partially hydrolyzed and subsequently modified by acid/amine coupling with furan and maleimide moieties. While the thermogelling and shear-thinning properties allow excellent printability, trigger-less cell-friendly Diels-Alder click-chemistry yields long-term shape-fidelity. The introduced platform enables easy incorporation of cell-binding moieties (RGD-peptide) for cellular interaction. The hydrogel is functionalized with RGD-peptides using thiol-maleimide chemistry and cell proliferation as well as morphology of fibroblasts seeded on top of the hydrogels confirm the cell adhesion facilitated by the peptides. Finally, bioink formulations are tested for biocompatibility by incorporating fibroblasts homogenously inside the polymer solution pre-printing. After the printing and crosslinking process good cytocompatibility is confirmed. The established bioink system combines a two-step approach by physical precursor gelation followed by an additional chemical stabilization, offering a broad versatility for further biomechanical adaptation or bioresponsive peptide modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Hahn
- Functional Polymer Materials, Chair for Advanced Materials Synthesis, Institute for Functional Materials and Biofabrication, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Bavarian Polymer Institute, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, Würzburg, 97070, Germany
| | - Matthias Beudert
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, 97074, Germany
| | - Marcus Gutmann
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, 97074, Germany
| | - Larissa Keßler
- Functional Polymer Materials, Chair for Advanced Materials Synthesis, Institute for Functional Materials and Biofabrication, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Bavarian Polymer Institute, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, Würzburg, 97070, Germany
| | - Philipp Stahlhut
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, Würzburg, 97070, Germany
| | - Lena Fischer
- Center for Medical Physics and Technology, Biophysics Group, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Henkestrasse 91, Erlangen, 91052, Germany
| | - Emine Karakaya
- Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstr. 6, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
| | - Thomas Lorson
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, 97074, Germany
| | - Ingo Thievessen
- Center for Medical Physics and Technology, Biophysics Group, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Henkestrasse 91, Erlangen, 91052, Germany
| | - Rainer Detsch
- Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstr. 6, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
| | - Tessa Lühmann
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, 97074, Germany
| | - Robert Luxenhofer
- Functional Polymer Materials, Chair for Advanced Materials Synthesis, Institute for Functional Materials and Biofabrication, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Bavarian Polymer Institute, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, Würzburg, 97070, Germany.,Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, Helsinki, FIN-00014, Finland
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