1
|
Li K, Chen S, Wang J, Xiao X, Song Z, Liu S. Tooth whitening: current status and prospects. Odontology 2024; 112:700-710. [PMID: 38565694 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-024-00914-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
As a safe, effective, economical, and convenient technique, tooth whitening is one of the most popular treatments for improving tooth discoloration. This review summarizes the theoretical and recent research developments in the classification and mechanisms of tooth discoloration, as well as the principles, agents, effects, and side effects of tooth whitening techniques. The aim is to provide a basis for the clinical treatment of tooth whitening techniques and to suggest possible new ideas for further research. The accepted mechanism of whitening is the redox reaction of oxides in the whitening reagent, and the whitening effect is remarkable. However, side effects such as tooth sensitivity and irritation of gum and other oral soft tissues can still occur. It is recommended that more monitoring be carried out in the clinic to monitor these side effects, and care should be taken to protect the soft tissues in the mouth during office whitening procedures. Furthermore, there is a need to develop new additives or natural whitening products to reduce the occurrence of side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyi Li
- Department of Oral Mucosa, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Xiao
- Department of Oral Mucosa, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhifeng Song
- Department of Oral Mucosa, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shangfeng Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, People's Republic of China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fallahzadeh F, Nouri F, Rashvand E, Heidari S, Najafi F, Soltanian N. Enamel changes of bleached teeth following application of an experimental combination of chitosan-bioactive glass. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:445. [PMID: 38609921 PMCID: PMC11015582 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04195-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considering the extensive use of bleaching agents and the occurrence of side effects such as enamel demineralization, this study aimed to assess the enamel changes of bleached teeth following the experimental application of chitosan-bioactive glass (CH-BG). METHODS In this in vitro study, CH-BG (containing 66% BG) was synthesized and characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Thirty sound human premolars were bleached with 40% hydrogen peroxide, and the weight% of calcium and phosphorus elements of the buccal enamel surface was quantified before and after bleaching by scanning electron microscopy/ energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM, EDX). Depending on the surface treatment of the enamel surface, the specimens were divided into three groups (n = 10): control (no treatment), MI Paste (MI), and CH-BG. Then the specimens were stored in artificial saliva for 14 days. The SEM/EDX analyses were performed again on the enamel surface. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test and a p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS In all groups, the weight% of calcium and phosphorus elements of enamel decreased after bleaching; this reduction was significant for phosphorus (p < 0.05) and insignificant for calcium (p > 0.05). After 14 days of remineralization, the weight% of both calcium and phosphorus elements was significantly higher compared to their bleached counterparts in both MI and CH-BG groups (p < 0.05). Following the remineralization process, the difference between MI and CH-BG groups was not significant (p > 0.05) but both had a significant difference with the control group in this regard (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The synthesized CH-BG compound showed an efficacy comparable to that of MI Paste for enamel remineralization of bleached teeth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farnoosh Fallahzadeh
- Dental Caries Prevention Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Bahonar Boulevard, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Nouri
- Dental Caries Prevention Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Bahonar Boulevard, Qazvin, Iran.
| | - Ensiyeh Rashvand
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Golshahr, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Soolmaz Heidari
- Dental Caries Prevention Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Bahonar Boulevard, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Farhood Najafi
- Department of Resin and Additives, Institute for Color Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Soltanian
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang H, Chen J, Wang Y, Yu Y, Zhao Y, Song J, Zhang Z. Fracture strength and bonding interface morphology of CAD/CAM-fabricated ceramic laminate veneers on bleached enamel treated with two different antioxidants. Dent Mater J 2023:2022-205. [PMID: 37302824 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2022-205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of two antioxidants and their application time on the fracture strength of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM)-fabricated ceramic laminate veneers to bleached enamel, as well as their effects on the bonding interface micromorphology. Eight groups were set: Group NC (without bleaching and antioxidant treatment); Group NA (bleaching without antioxidant treatment); Group SA30, SA60, SA120 and Group PAC30, PAC60, PAC120 (bleaching and treating with sodium ascorbate or proanthocyanidins for 30, 60, and 120 min, respectively). After cementation of veneers, fracture strength values and failure modes were analyzed. The bonding interface morphology was observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The fracture strength was impaired when cementation procedure was performed immediately after bleaching. This reduction in fracture strength was reestablished with antioxidant treatment, and an extended treatment time contributed to better improvement. The resin tags at the bonding interfaces of the bleached enamel were impaired. Antioxidant treatments were able to reverse this unfavorable trend.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Department of Endodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University
| | - Jiawen Chen
- Department of Endodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University
| | - Yiyan Yu
- Department of Endodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University
| | - Yuanhang Zhao
- Department of Endodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University
| | - Jiazhuo Song
- Department of Endodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- Department of Endodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Imamura H, Zhu W, Adachi T, Hiraishi N, Marin E, Miyamoto N, Yamamoto T, Kanamura N, Pezzotti G. Raman Analyses of Laser Irradiation-Induced Microstructural Variations in Synthetic Hydroxyapatite and Human Teeth. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13040200. [PMID: 36412841 PMCID: PMC9680245 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13040200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The microstructural and molecular-scale variations induced by laser irradiation treatment on human teeth enamel in comparison with synthetic hydroxyapatite (HAp) were examined through Raman microprobe spectroscopy as a function of irradiation power. The results demonstrated that laser irradiation could modify stoichiometry, microstructure, and the population of crystallographic defects, as well as the hardness of the materials. These modifications showed strong dependences on both laser power and initial nonstoichiometric structure (defective content of HPO4), because of the occurrence of distinct reactions and structural reconstruction. The reported observations can redirect future trends in tooth whitening by laser treatment and the production of HAp coatings because of the important role of stoichiometric defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hayata Imamura
- Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8126, Japan
- Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Wenliang Zhu
- Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8126, Japan
- Correspondence: (W.Z.); (G.P.)
| | - Tetsuya Adachi
- Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
- Department of Dentistry, Kyoto Prefectural Rehabilitation Hospital for Mentally and Physically Disabled, Naka Ashihara, Johyo, Kyoto 610-0113, Japan
| | - Noriko Hiraishi
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Elia Marin
- Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8126, Japan
- Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Nao Miyamoto
- Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Toshiro Yamamoto
- Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Narisato Kanamura
- Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Giuseppe Pezzotti
- Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8126, Japan
- Correspondence: (W.Z.); (G.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yang SY, Han AR, Kim KM, Kwon JS. Effects of incorporating 45S5 bioactive glass into 30% hydrogen peroxide solution on whitening efficacy and enamel surface properties. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:5301-5312. [PMID: 35459971 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04498-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the effects of 30% hydrogen peroxide (HP) solution containing various contents of 45S5 bioactive glass (BAG) on whitening efficacy and enamel surface properties after simulating the clinical bleaching procedure. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 60 bovine enamel specimens discolored with black tea were divided into five groups treated with distilled water (DW), HP, 0.01 wt.% BAG + HP, 1.0 wt.% BAG + HP, and 20.0 wt.% BAG + HP (n = 12). The pH change was observed for 20 min immediately after mixing the experimental solutions, which were applied for 20 min/week, at 37 °C over 21 days. Color, gloss, roughness, microhardness, and micromorphology measurements were conducted before and after bleaching treatment. RESULTS All groups containing BAG experienced an increase in pH from 3.5 to 5.5 in less than 1 min, and the final pH increased as the BAG content increased. The ΔE of all experimental groups was significantly higher than that of the DW group (p < 0.05), but there were no significant differences between different BAG contents (p > 0.05). Gloss significantly decreased in all experimental groups compared to the DW group, and the increased BAG content had significantly affected the decrease in gloss (p < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in surface roughness (p > 0.05), but hardness increased significantly with BAG content after bleaching treatment (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS HP containing 45S5 BAG showed efficacy in tooth whitening. Also, the pH value of the HP remained acidic near 3.5 for 20 min, while the HP containing the 45S5 BAG showed an increase in pH, which inhibited the demineralization of the enamel surface, and maintained the surface morphology. CLINICAL RELEVANCE These novel materials are promising candidates to minimize enamel surface damage caused by HP during bleaching procedure in dental clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song-Yi Yang
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Medical Science, Konyang University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - A Ruem Han
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.,BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang-Mahn Kim
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Kwon
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea. .,BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lee JY, Jung HI, Kim BI. A novel model to predict tooth bleaching efficacy using autofluorescence of the tooth. J Dent 2021; 116:103892. [PMID: 34798150 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to confirm whether autofluorescence emitted from teeth can predict tooth bleaching efficacy and establish a novel model combining natural color parameters and tooth autofluorescence data to improve the predictability of tooth bleaching. METHODS A total of 61 tooth specimens were prepared from extracted human molars/premolars and immersed in 35% hydrogen peroxide for 1 h for tooth bleaching. The changes in laser-induced fluorescence (∆LIF) were assessed using Raman spectrometry. Tooth color and autofluorescence data were obtained using quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) technology. Pearson correlation analyses were used to confirm the relationship between ∆LIF and autofluorescence. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated to compare the conventional and new prediction models. Decision tree analysis was performed to evaluate clinical applicability. RESULTS The yellowness-to-blueness value from fluorescence imaging showed a moderate correlation with ∆LIF (r= -0.409, p = 0.001). The degree of agreement between the actual efficacy and that predicted by our novel model was high (ICC=0.933, p = 0.002). Decision tree analysis suggested that tooth autofluorescence could be a key factor in prediction of tooth bleaching outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed that autofluorescence detected from QLF images may be used to predict tooth bleaching efficacy. Our proposed model appeared to improve the predictability of tooth bleaching.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Young Lee
- Department of Preventive Dentistry and Public Oral Health, Brain Korea 21 PLUS project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoi-In Jung
- Department of Preventive Dentistry and Public Oral Health, Brain Korea 21 PLUS project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Baek-Il Kim
- Department of Preventive Dentistry and Public Oral Health, Brain Korea 21 PLUS project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Manso AP, De Morais DC, Yamamoto K, Owen G, de Carvalho RM, Palma-Dibb RG. Effects of prolonged use of over-the-counter bleaching agents on enamel: An in vitro study. Microsc Res Tech 2021; 85:1016-1027. [PMID: 34693595 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of four over-the-counter (OTC) bleaching products on the properties of enamel. Extracted human molars were randomly assigned into four groups (n = 5): PD: Poladay (SDI), WG: White Teeth Global (White Teeth Global), CW: Crest3DWhite (Procter & Gamble), and HS: HiSmile (HiSmile). The hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) content in each product was analyzed via titration. Twenty teeth were sectioned into quarters, embedded in epoxy resin, and polished. Each quarter-tooth surface was treated with one of the four beaching times: T0: control/no-bleaching, T14: 14 days, T28: 28 days, and T56: 56 days. Materials were applied to enamel surfaces as recommended. Enamel surfaces were examined for ultramicrohardness (UMH), elastic modulus (EM), superficial roughness (Sa), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Ten additional teeth were used to evaluate color and degree of demineralization (DD) (n = 5). Data were statistically tested by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests (α = 5%). Enamel surfaces treated with PD and WG presented UMH values significantly lower than the controls (p < .05). Elastic modulus (E) was significantly reduced at T14 and T28 for PD, and at T14 for HS (p < .05). A significant increase in Sa was observed for CW at T14 (p < .05). Color changes were observed in the PD and WG groups. Additionally, DD analysis showed significant demineralization at T56 for CW. Overall, more evident morphological alterations were observed for bleaching products with higher concentrations of H2 O2 (p < .05), PD, and WG. Over-the-counter bleaching products containing H2 O2 can significantly alter enamel properties, especially when application time is extended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana P Manso
- Division of Restorative Dentistry, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Dayana C De Morais
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kayoko Yamamoto
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gethin Owen
- Centre for High-Throughput Phenogenomics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ricardo Marins de Carvalho
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Regina G Palma-Dibb
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Sao Paulo at Ribeirao Preto, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Effects of 35% hydrogen peroxide solution containing hydrated calcium silicate on enamel surface. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 26:2133-2142. [PMID: 34591181 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04194-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to develop a novel bleaching material containing hydrated calcium silicate (hCS) particles and investigate the effects of hCS on the bleaching efficacy, microhardness, and surface morphology of bovine enamel. MATERIALS AND METHODS To prepare the hCS particles, white Portland cement was mixed with distilled water and ground into a fine powder. The particles in various proportions were then mixed with 35% hydrogen peroxide solution (HP), while HP without hCS was used as a control (HP), and teeth whitening gel was used as a commercial control (CC). Following the thrice application of experimental and control solutions on the discolored bovine enamel surface for 15 min, color change (n = 10), microhardness (n = 10), and micromorphology (n = 2) of the enamel surface were analyzed. RESULTS The Δ E* of the enamel surface treated with the experimental solution containing hCS was significantly higher than that of the CC, but there were no significant differences between the different hCS contents. The experimental solution containing hCS reduced the percentage of microhardness loss on the enamel surface, and the percentage of microhardness loss significantly decreased as the content of hCS increased (p < 0.05). The erosion pattern was only observed on enamel surfaces treated with HP and CC. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that HP containing hCS is effective in bleaching efficacy. In addition, hCS could also minimize the microhardness loss of tooth structure caused by HP and maintain enamel surface morphology. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This novel bleaching material is promising for inhibiting demineralization and promoting the remineralization of teeth during bleaching treatment in dental clinics.
Collapse
|
9
|
Effects of Cold-Light Bleaching on Enamel Surface and Adhesion of Streptococcus mutans. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:3766641. [PMID: 34471637 PMCID: PMC8405299 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3766641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Tooth bleaching is becoming increasingly popular among patients with tooth staining, but the safety of bleaching agents on tooth structure has been questioned. Primarily thriving on the biofilm formation on enamel surface, Streptococcus mutans has been recognized as a major cariogenic bacterial species. The present study is aimed at investigating how cold-light bleaching would change enamel roughness and adhesion of Streptococcus mutans. Human premolars were divided into 72 enamel slices and allocated into 3 groups: (1) control, (2) cold-light bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide (Beyond™), and (3) 35% hydrogen peroxide (Beyond™) alone. Biofilms of Streptococcus mutans were cultivated on enamel slices in 5% CO2 (v/v) at 37°C for 1 day or 3 days. Enamel surfaces and biofilms were observed using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was applied to quantify the roughness of enamel surface, and the amounts of biofilms were measured by optical density of scattered biofilm and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Cold-light bleaching significantly increased (p < 0.05) surface roughness of enamel compared to controls, but significantly inhibited (p < 0.05) adhesion of Streptococcus mutans on enamel in the bacterial cultures of both 1 day and 3 days. In conclusion, cold-light bleaching could roughen enamel surface but inhibit Streptococcus mutans adhesion at the preliminary stage after the bleaching treatment.
Collapse
|
10
|
A Comparative Evaluation of Nanohydroxyapatite-Enriched Hydrogen Peroxide Home Bleaching System on Color, Hardness and Microstructure of Dental Enamel. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14113072. [PMID: 34199770 PMCID: PMC8199990 DOI: 10.3390/ma14113072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate two hydrogen peroxide (HP)-based at-home bleaching systems in order to analyze whether nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) addition may represent a reliable and safe solution for tooth whitening without altering dental microstructure and hardness. Human third molars (N = 15) were treated with two bleaching agents, one containing 6%HP (6HP) and the other 6% HP nHA-enriched (6HP-nHA) with average particle diameter ranging from 5-20 nm. Their effects on enamel were assessed using a spectrophotometer, Vickers microhardness (VMH) test and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), comparing the treated groups with the non-treated control group (CTR). Color analysis revealed improvement in whiteness in both groups compared to CTR. VMH test results showed no differences among the groups. SEM analysis highlighted no evident changes in the enamel microstructure of tested groups compared to CTR. At high magnification, in 6HP group, a slight increase in irregularities of enamel surface morphology was observed, while 6HP-nHA group displayed removal of the aprismatic layer but preservation of the intact prismatic structure. These results suggest that the 6HP-nHA agent may be recommended to provide reliable whitening treatment, without damaging the enamel micromorphology and hardness.
Collapse
|
11
|
Karimi Z, Saoui H, Sakout M, Abdallaoui F. Effect of Vital Bleaching on Micromorphology of Enamel Surface: an in Vitro Study. Prim Dent J 2021; 10:126-131. [PMID: 33722125 DOI: 10.1177/2050168420980966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this in vitro study was to investigate the effects of bleaching agents commonly used in micromorphology of the enamel surface and to assess the effect of concentration and of adding fluoride in the bleaching agents. METHODS Sixty freshly extracted intact teeth were stored in distilled water. One half of each tooth was served as control, the other part was treated with bleaching agent. Samples were randomly divided into six groups of ten, according to the bleaching agents: G1- at-home-CP10; G2- at-home-CP16; G3- at-home-CP22; G4- in-office-CP35; G5- in-office-HP40 with fluoride; G6- in-office-HP40 without fluoride. Enamel specimens for each group were then submitted to a quantitative scanning electron microscopy. Number of pores and their diameter were measured to assess porosity of enamel surface. RESULTS SEM analysis revealed enamel surface porosity after bleaching. Significant increase in number and major diameter of pores in bleached samples (p<0.001) were observed. The comparison between samples treated with 10% PC and samples treated with 22% PC showed significant increase in number of pores (p=0.006) and major diameter (p=0.001) from samples treated with 22% PC. Statistical analyses showed significant increase in the number of pores (p=0.006) from samples treated with 40% HP without fluoride compared to samples treated with 40% HP containing fluoride. CONCLUSIONS Bleaching products with low concentration cause less porosity at surface of the enamel compared to concentrated products. Adding fluoride in the bleaching agent appears to reduce porosity of enamel surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zakaria Karimi
- Assistant Professor in Conservative Dentistry, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Morocco
| | | | - Majid Sakout
- Professor of Higher Education in Conservative Dentistry, Professor of Higher Education and head of service of conservative dentistry, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Morocco
| | - Faiza Abdallaoui
- Professor of Higher Education and Head of Service of Conservative Dentistry, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wijetunga CL, Otsuki M, Hiraishi N, Luong MN, Tagami J. Effect of pH of bleaching agent on tooth bleaching action in vitro. Dent Mater J 2021; 40:566-572. [PMID: 33456029 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2020-191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of pH of bleaching agent, photo-irradiation time or application times on bleaching action using hematoporphyrin-stained papers (HSPs) and artificially stained bovine-teeth (BT). 23% H2O2 with pH 5.5, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0 and 9.0 were applied on the specimens. HSP was photo-irradiated for 1, 3 and 5 min. BT were photo-irradiated for 10 min and the bleaching was repeated ten times (n=10). CIE L*a*b* of the specimens were measured before and after the procedure. Data were analyzed by repeated-measures ANOVA followed by multiple comparisons with Bonferroni correction. For the HSP, longer irradiation time and higher pH yielded significantly higher color difference (ΔE). As for BT, increasing application times and higher pH resulted in higher ΔE. It was concluded that the pH of the bleaching agent significantly improved the bleaching effect with increased photo-irradiation time for HSP and with an increase of repeated application times for BT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chamari L Wijetunga
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Masayuki Otsuki
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Noriko Hiraishi
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Minh N Luong
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Washington School of Dentistry
| | - Junji Tagami
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nogueira MS, Brugnera Junior A, Bagnato VS, Panhóca VH. Evaluation of the Whitening Effectiveness of Violet Illumination Alone or Combined with Hydrogen Peroxide Gel. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2021; 39:395-402. [PMID: 33439765 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2020.4846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the whitening and washing steps of a treatment using violet illumination (VI) alone or combined with hydrogen peroxide gel. In addition, we evaluated the color change after cleaning the tooth with and without mineral oil. Methods: First, 16 bovine teeth were extracted and stored in 5% thymol solution. Next, the teeth were collected and cleaned. Then, the teeth were stained with instant coffee solution for 24 h. The teeth were divided in four groups: control, VI without 35% hydrogen peroxide gel (VI), VI with 35% hydrogen peroxide gel (VI + gel), and VI without 35% hydrogen peroxide gel and cleaned with mineral oil before washing (VI + oil). Results: The whitening treatment VI + gel was able to completely restore the teeth whiteness and make the teeth 31.2% less yellow than prior coffee staining. The VI + oil treatment led to about 3.7 times the whiteness and yellowness changes observed in the VI treatment and restored 51% of the whiteness lost by staining. Conclusions: The VI + gel treatment can be recommended against coffee stains and should be further investigated for other types of tooth stains. In addition, cleaning the tooth surface with mineral oil could be an alternative to increase the performance of whitening treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aldo Brugnera Junior
- Physics Institute of São Carlos, University of Sao Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil.,Department of Dental Science, Faculty of Medicine, Emdola, University in Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Vitor Hugo Panhóca
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bekhet OH. Disinfectants and pH synergistically inactivate Pseudomonas fluorescens ATCC 13525: insights into cellular redox homeostasis and ultrastructure. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2021.1969277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Osama Hussein Bekhet
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Procter & Gamle Newcastle Innovation Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Pole of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Catholic University of Louvain, Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lee JY, Kim HJ, Lee ES, de Josselin de Jong E, Jung HI, Kim BI. Quantitative light-induced fluorescence as a potential tool for detection of enamel chemical composition. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 32:102054. [PMID: 33065304 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about how the chemical composition of enamel affects the optical properties of teeth, but advances in technology allow this to be studied using white-light and fluorescent images. This study aimed to identify the variation in enamel chemical composition that may affect tooth optical properties, such as tooth color and autofluorescence. METHODS Sixty-one specimens of extracted human molars were prepared. Raman spectrometry was used to assess chemical composition of enamel, and tooth color, and autofluorescence from enamel were evaluated by quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) images. Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were used. RESULTS Enamel fluorescence was related to enamel composition rather than tooth color. The b* value from the fluorescence image had a moderate correlation with crystallinity (full-width at half-maximum: r = -0.433, p < 0.001) and laser-induced fluorescence intensity (r = 0.450, p < 0.001) from Raman spectroscopy. In multiple linear regression analysis, the chemical composition of the tooth had a significant effect on the b* value from the fluorescent image (R2 = 0.433, p < 0.001). In contrast, tooth color values (L*, a*, and b*) were not correlated with chemical composition. CONCLUSIONS The present study revealed that enamel autofluorescence in QLF was related to chemical composition of the enamel, particularly the inorganic‒organic interface. While enamel chemical composition can be detected only in a laboratory environment, enamel fluorescence by QLF may enable estimation in a dental clinic, which has implications for the field of tooth bleaching or esthetic restorative materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Young Lee
- Department of Preventive Dentistry & Public Oral Health, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyo-Jung Kim
- Department of Preventive Dentistry & Public Oral Health, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Song Lee
- Department of Preventive Dentistry & Public Oral Health, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Elbert de Josselin de Jong
- Department of Preventive Dentistry & Public Oral Health, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Services Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Inspektor Research Systems BV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Hoi-In Jung
- Department of Preventive Dentistry & Public Oral Health, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Baek-Il Kim
- Department of Preventive Dentistry & Public Oral Health, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Dos Santos ALE, Delbem ACB, Danelon M, Marcon LN, Shinohara MS. Evaluation of new compositions of 10% hydrogen peroxide-based bleaching agents containing trimetaphosphate and fluoride on enamel demineralization. Eur J Oral Sci 2020; 128:450-456. [PMID: 32889771 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect on enamel demineralization of 10% hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) gels containing different concentrations of sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP) and sodium fluoride (NaF) combined with the daily use of fluoridated or placebo dentifrice. Bovine enamel blocks were selected by surface hardness (n = 72) and randomly assigned to one of the following experimental treatments: 10% H2 O2 ; 10% H2 O2 + 3% TMP + 0.1% NaF; and 10% H2 O2 + 0.3% TMP + 0.05% NaF, each with or without fluoridated dentifrice. H2 O2 -based gels were applied for 30 min d-1 followed by treatment with dentifrice (1 min). Enamels blocks were stored in artificial saliva at 37°C between sessions during the 14 days of experiment. Percentage of surface hardness loss (%SH) was calculated, and the blocks were cut into halves to analyze cross-sectional hardness (ΔKHN). Polarized light microscopy images were obtained of the longitudinal sections of the samples. Enamel treated with fluoridated dentifrice presented lower hardness loss than those treated with placebo dentifrice (%SH and ΔKHN). Use of TMP- and NaF-based gels, regardless of concentration, led to the lowest %SH values. Specimens treated with 10% H2 O2 gel had the highest %SH and ΔKHN values. Gels with 10% H2 O2 + 3% TMP + 0.1% NaF showed the lowest ΔKHN values. Microscopy images clearly showed that the addition of TMP and NaF to the H2 O2 -based gels was effective in reducing the loss of hardness, and the fluoridated dentifrice helped minimize it in all treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana L E Dos Santos
- School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Alberto C B Delbem
- School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Marcelle Danelon
- School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Laércio N Marcon
- School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Mirela S Shinohara
- School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Pessanha S, Silva S, Silveira JM, Otel I, Luis H, Manteigas V, Jesus AP, Mata A, Fonseca M. Evaluation of the effect of fluorinated tooth bleaching products using polarized Raman microscopy and particle induced gamma-ray emission. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 236:118378. [PMID: 32330822 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this in vitro study, the effect of the application of tooth bleaching products in human enamel was evaluated using polarized Raman microscopy, particle induced gamma-ray emission (PIGE) and Vickers Hardness test. Due to their acidic nature, teeth whitening products are associated with changes in enamel mineralization. Consequently, products have appeared in the market that promote the incorporation of fluorine in order to decrease the solubility of the hydroxyapatite in enamel and prevent demineralization. This way, four commercial products with different active principle concentrations: 16% carbamide peroxide (Opalescence PF® and VivaStyle®) or 6% hydrogen peroxide (Opalescence Go PF® and VivaStyle Paint On®) and presence or not of fluorine were compared. The information on the crystalline state of the enamel was provided by the determination of the depolarization ratio of the symmetric stretching band of phosphate (at 959 cm-1). Furthermore, the content and uptake of F was evaluated using PIGE in the two fluorinated products as well as in one negative control group. In order to evaluate the microhardness of enamel by means of Vickers test, another group of polished samples was prepared (using Opalescence PF®) and evaluated. Conversely to what could be expected, the obtained results determined a statistically significant decrease of depolarization ratio, leading to an increase of mineralization after the application of the bleaching products, except for VivaStyle®. For this group, no significant variation was obtained before-after treatment, most likely due to the acidity of the product (pH = 5.8). Additionally, an increase of concentration of F in the dental tissues was determined for the fluorinated products. On the other hand, enamel polishing, required for the application of the Vickers test, led to increased susceptibility to erosion, resulting in decreased hardness and an increased enamel depolarization ratio.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Pessanha
- Laboratório de Instrumentação, Engenharia Biomédica e Física das Radiações, Campus Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - S Silva
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - J M Silveira
- Laboratório de Instrumentação, Engenharia Biomédica e Física das Radiações, Campus Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, R. Prof. Teresa Ambrósio, Cidade Universitária, 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - I Otel
- Laboratório de Instrumentação, Engenharia Biomédica e Física das Radiações, Campus Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - H Luis
- Instituto Superior Técnico, Campus Tecnológico e Nuclear, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2686-953 Sacavém, Portugal
| | - V Manteigas
- Laboratório de Instrumentação, Engenharia Biomédica e Física das Radiações, Campus Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - A P Jesus
- Laboratório de Instrumentação, Engenharia Biomédica e Física das Radiações, Campus Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - A Mata
- Laboratório de Instrumentação, Engenharia Biomédica e Física das Radiações, Campus Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, R. Prof. Teresa Ambrósio, Cidade Universitária, 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Fonseca
- Laboratório de Instrumentação, Engenharia Biomédica e Física das Radiações, Campus Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; Universidade Europeia, IADE, Av. Carlos I, 4, 1200-049 Lisboa, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Alkahtani R, Stone S, German M, Waterhouse P. A review on dental whitening. J Dent 2020; 100:103423. [PMID: 32615235 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To provide a narrative review on vital dental whitening chemistry, toxicity and safety, vital dental whitening techniques, whitening systems, potential side effects of whitening and cyclic whitening using products with a range of concentrations and pH values. In addition, new developments and recommendations in the field of vital dental whitening will be presented to help clinicians understand the whitening process, its advantages, limitations, and the impact of whitening concentration and pH on enamel providing guidance in tailoring whitening treatments. DATA Data were gathered using the following keywords: dental whitening, roughness, hardness, sensitivity, hydrogen peroxide, whitening pH, whitening concentration, whitening chemistry, colour, and toxicity. SOURCES An electronic search was performed using PubMed and Scopus databases. Bibliographic material from papers reviewed was then used to find other relevant publications. CONCLUSIONS The effectiveness of vital dental whitening depends on many factors, such as the concentration/pH of the whitening agent, application duration, chemical additives, and re-mineralising agents used. Developing new whitening products and technologies such as nano-additives and alternative carrier systems is showing promising results, and might prove efficient in maximising whitening benefits by accelerating the whitening reaction and/or minimising expected reversible/irreversible enamel structural damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rawan Alkahtani
- College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Tyne and Wear, NE2 4BW, United Kingdom.
| | - Simon Stone
- School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Tyne and Wear, NE2 4BW, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew German
- School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Tyne and Wear, NE2 4BW, United Kingdom
| | - Paula Waterhouse
- School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Tyne and Wear, NE2 4BW, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Liporoni PCS, Wan Bakar WZ, Zanatta RF, Ambrosano GM, Aguiar FHB, Amaechi BT. Influence of Erosion/Abrasion and the Dentifrice Abrasiveness Concomitant with Bleaching Procedures. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 2020; 12:101-109. [PMID: 32280280 PMCID: PMC7132029 DOI: 10.2147/ccide.s234716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of erosive/abrasive cycles and two different levels of abrasiveness of dentifrices over enamel and dentin subjected to bleaching. Methods Enamel and dentin bovine specimens were prepared and submitted to an at-home bleaching treatment using 9.5% hydrogen peroxide gel, which was applied daily (30 min/14 days). Concomitant with bleaching, an erosive cycle was performed using citric acid (0.3%, pH 3.8, 5 mins, 3×/day), followed by immersions in artificial saliva for remineralization (30 mins). Abrasion was done with two (high and low abrasiveness) dentifrices (2×/day, 120 seconds) after the first and third erosive immersion each day. Enamel and dentin softening were assessed by microhardness and erosive tooth wear by optical profilometry. Data were submitted to repeated measures ANOVA, followed by the Tukey’s test with a significance level of 5%. Results For the enamel and considering the erosive-abrasive cycle, significant differences were found between the groups tested, the bleaching, and the abrasiveness of the dentifrice tested; however, the final microhardness values were significantly lower than the initial ones. For dentin, differences were found between the eroded/abrasion and the non-eroded/abrasion groups, with the former presenting lower microhardness values compared with the latter. In addition, bleaching decreased the microhardness values only for the highly abrasive dentifrice, and the final values were lower than for the initial ones for all tested groups. Conclusion The use of high and low abrasiveness dentifrices during bleaching and concomitant with erosion/abrasion cycles is more harmful to dentin than to enamel. Clinical Relevance Although bleaching is considered a conservative treatment, it can cause deleterious effects to dental hard tissue. The association of an at-home bleaching technique with erosion and high- or low- abrasive dentifrices harms dentin more than enamel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Christiane Suzy Liporoni
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Taubaté, Taubaté, SP, Brazil.,Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Wan Zaripah Wan Bakar
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | | | - Glaucia Maria Ambrosano
- Department of Community Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Bennett T Amaechi
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Fernandes RA, Strazzi-Sahyon HB, Suzuki TYU, Briso ALF, Dos Santos PH. Effect of dental bleaching on the microhardness and surface roughness of sealed composite resins. Restor Dent Endod 2020; 45:e12. [PMID: 32110540 PMCID: PMC7030961 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2020.45.e12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the microhardness and surface roughness of composite resins before and after tooth bleaching procedures. Materials and Methods Sixty specimens were prepared of each composite resin (Filtek Supreme XT and Opallis), and BisCover LV surface sealant was applied to half of the specimens. Thirty enamel samples were obtained from the buccal and lingual surfaces of human molars for use as the control group. The surface roughness and microhardness were measured before and after bleaching procedures with 35% hydrogen peroxide or 16% carbamide (n = 10). Data were analyzed using 1-way analysis of variance and the Fisher test (α = 0.05). Results Neither hydrogen peroxide nor carbamide peroxide treatment significantly altered the hardness of the composite resins, regardless of surface sealant application; however, both treatments significantly decreased the hardness of the tooth samples (p < 0.05). The bleaching did not cause any change in surface roughness, with the exception of the unsealed Opallis composite resin and dental enamel, both of which displayed an increase in surface roughness after bleaching with carbamide peroxide (p < 0.05). Conclusions The microhardness and surface roughness of enamel and Opallis composite resin were influenced by bleaching procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renan Aparecido Fernandes
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Henrico Badaoui Strazzi-Sahyon
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Thaís Yumi Umeda Suzuki
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Fraga Briso
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Dos Santos
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Scribante A, Poggio C, Gallo S, Riva P, Cuocci A, Carbone M, Arciola CR, Colombo M. In Vitro Re-Hardening of Bleached Enamel Using Mineralizing Pastes: Toward Preventing Bacterial Colonization. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13040818. [PMID: 32054090 PMCID: PMC7079603 DOI: 10.3390/ma13040818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The search for materials able to remineralize human hard tissues is a modern medical challenge. In this study, the protective effect on the enamel microhardness by a paste based on hydroxyapatite and sodium fluoride (Remin Pro) was evaluated after two different enamel bleaching procedures. Forty sound human incisors were randomly assigned to different treatments: bleaching with an in-office agent (Perfect Bleach Office+); bleaching with an at-home agent (Perfect Bleach); bleaching with the in-office agent followed by the prophylaxis paste; bleaching with the at-home agent followed by the prophylaxis paste; no treatment (control). Bleaching was performed at 0, 8, 24 and 32 h, followed by a 3-min re-mineralizing treatment in the subgroups designed to receive it. Specimens underwent a micro-hardness tester and a mean Vickers Hardness number was considered for each specimen. ANOVA exhibited significant differences among groups. Post-hoc Tukey testing showed significant micro-hardness decrease after the application of both the two bleaching agents. The treatment with prophylaxis paste significantly increased the micro-hardness values of bleached enamel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Scribante
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences-Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.S.); (P.R.); (A.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Claudio Poggio
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences-Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.S.); (P.R.); (A.C.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: (C.P.); (S.G.); (C.R.A.)
| | - Simone Gallo
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences-Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.S.); (P.R.); (A.C.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: (C.P.); (S.G.); (C.R.A.)
| | - Paolo Riva
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences-Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.S.); (P.R.); (A.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Antonella Cuocci
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences-Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.S.); (P.R.); (A.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Manuel Carbone
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences-Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.S.); (P.R.); (A.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Carla Renata Arciola
- Laboratorio di Patologia delle Infezioni Associate all’Impianto, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, via San Giacomo 14, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.P.); (S.G.); (C.R.A.)
| | - Marco Colombo
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences-Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.S.); (P.R.); (A.C.); (M.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Liang S, Wang M, Wang Y, Jiang T. A Pilot Study About the Effect of Laser-Induced Fluorescence on Color and Translucency of Human Enamel During Tooth Bleaching. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2020; 38:151-159. [PMID: 31934811 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2019.4692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To probe into the effect of laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) on color and translucency of human enamel during tooth bleaching. Materials and methods: Twenty enamel slabs were randomly assigned to be whitened by acidic 30% hydrogen peroxide (HP), neutral 30% HP, alkaline 30% HP, and distilled water, respectively, monitored by a colorimeter and Raman spectrometer simultaneously. Afterward, the parameter differences of color, translucency, Raman relative intensity, and LIF intensity between baseline and post-treatment of each bleaching cycle were calculated. Results: The results demonstrated that the three bleaching groups resulted in increasingly prominent whitening outcome over time compared with control group, and no statistical difference was detected between them. Accordingly, the bleaching groups also engendered a same decrease tendency in fluorescence intensity (FI). However, less demineralization effect occurred on the enamel surface in neutral HP group. The correlation analysis further excluded the effect of demineralization on all the optical parameters (p > 0.05). Besides, various degrees of dependency were detected between FI and translucency parameter (TP), masking effect (ME), C*ab, W*, b*. In addition, ΔFI was associated with parameters of ΔC*ab, ΔW*, Δb*, ΔE, Δa*, and ΔME. ΔFI% was correlated with ΔC*ab, Δb*, ΔW*, and ΔE values. Conclusions: Thirty percent HP with different pH values could result in same variation tendency of enamel color, translucency, and FI. Plus, FI showed a strong association with enamel color and translucency alteration, which is promising for future application as a nondestructive testing method to evaluate bleaching effect and might be a novel way to investigate tooth bleaching mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Liang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.,Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Man Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yining Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.,Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Tao Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.,Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Torres CRG, Zanatta RF, Silva TJ, Borges AB. Effect of Calcium and Fluoride Addition to Hydrogen Peroxide Bleaching Gel On Tooth Diffusion, Color, and Microhardness. Oper Dent 2019; 44:424-432. [DOI: 10.2341/18-113-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Objectives:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of calcium and fluoride addition to a 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) bleaching gel with regard to its diffusion through the tooth structure, enamel microhardness, and bleaching efficacy.
Methods and Materials:
Eighty specimens (6 mm in diameter and 2 mm in height; 1 mm/enamel and 1 mm/dentin) were obtained from bovine incisors that were polished and divided into four groups (n=20) according to the remineralizing agent added to the gel: Ca = 0.5% calcium gluconate; F = 0.2% sodium fluoride; Ca+F = 0.5% calcium gluconate and 0.2% sodium fluoride; and control = no agent. Initial microhardness and color were assessed. The samples were positioned over simulated pulpal chambers filled with acetate buffer solution to capture the HP. Gels were applied over enamel for 30 minutes, and HP diffusion was assessed by spectrophotometry two hours after bleaching. Microhardness was measured immediately after bleaching and then the specimens were immersed into artificial saliva for seven days for final color assessment. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey test.
Results:
Bleaching reduced microhardness for all groups (p=0.0001), but the Ca+F and F groups showed lower reductions after bleaching. The addition of Ca, F, and Ca+F decreased the peroxide penetration through the tooth structure (p=0.0001), but there were no differences in color change for ΔL (p=0.357), Δa (p=0.061), Δb (p=0.823), and ΔE (p=0.581).
Conclusion:
The addition of calcium and fluoride in the gel did not affect bleaching efficacy, but it was able to reduce both the peroxide diffusion and the bleached enamel microhardness loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- CRG Torres
- Carlos RG Torres, DDS, PhD, associate professor, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University–UNESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil; Restorative Dentistry, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - RF Zanatta
- Rayssa Ferreira Zanatta, DDS, MS, PhD, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University–UNESP; Restorative Dentistry, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - TJ Silva
- Tatiane Josefa Silva, DDS, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University–UNESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil; Restorative Dentistry, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - AB Borges
- Alessandra B Borges, DDS, PhD, associate professor, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University–UNESP, Restorative Dentistry, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Crastechini E, Borges AB, Torres CRG. Effect of Remineralizing Gels on Microhardness, Color and Wear Susceptibility of Bleached Enamel. Oper Dent 2019; 44:76-87. [DOI: 10.2341/17-150-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Objectives:
To evaluate the effect of a remineralizing gel combining fluoride and calcium silicate/phosphate or a sodium fluoride gel on bleached enamel microhardness, color, and wear susceptibility.
Methods and Materials:
Two hundred forty bovine enamel-dentin samples were prepared. Baseline analysis of Knoop microhardness, color coordinates (L*a*b*), and surface profile were performed. According to the baseline microhardness values, specimens were stratified into six groups (n=40): NC (negative control)—no treatment; BL (positive control)—bleaching with 40% hydrogen peroxide gel (Opalescence Boost, Ultradent); BL/Rs—bleaching + application of calcium silicate/phosphate gel (Regenerate Serum, Unilever - Rs); Rs/BL—Rs + bleaching; Rs/BL/Rs—Rs + bleaching + Rs; and BL/F—bleaching + 2% sodium fluoride gel. After the treatment described for each group, color change (ΔE) and microhardness were evaluated again. To evaluate abrasion susceptibility, samples were randomly divided into two subgroups, according to the toothpaste used (Cp—Close Up or Rt—Regenerate), and underwent 100,000 brushing strokes. The profile of each sample was evaluated and the mean wear calculated. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey tests.
Results:
All bleached groups showed a significant reduction of microhardness in relation to the negative control. The groups treated with remineralizing gels showed a significantly higher microhardness and less wear than the positive control, although nonsignificant differences were observed among them. Nonsignificant differences in ΔE were found among bleached groups. The groups brushed with Regenerate toothpaste showed significantly less wear than those brushed with Close Up toothpaste.
Conclusions:
The remineralizing gels did not interfere with bleaching efficacy. However, all the treatments minimized the surface hardness reduction caused by the bleaching procedure and enamel loss after abrasion. Regenerate toothpaste resulted in less enamel abrasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Crastechini
- Érica Crastechini, DDS, MSc, PhD, São Paulo State University—UNESP, Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Avenida Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777, Jardim São Dimas, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - AB Borges
- Alessandra Bühler Borges, DDS, MSc, PhD, associate professor, São Paulo State University—UNESP, Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Restorative Dentistry
| | - CRG Torres
- Carlos Rocha Gomes Torres, DDS, PhD, associate professor, São Paulo State University—UNESP, Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Oliveira DR, Carvalho RV, Ottoni R, Alberton SB, Van de Sande Leite FH. Influência do gel de clareamento e do uso de agente remineralizante na perda mineral em esmalte e na eficácia do tratamento clareador. JOURNAL OF ORAL INVESTIGATIONS 2018. [DOI: 10.18256/2238-510x.2018.v7i2.2695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objetivo: O objetivo neste estudo foi investigar a ação de diferentes géis de clareamento dental e de um agente remineralizante na dureza em esmalte associada ao clareamento. Método: Dentes bovinos foram utilizados para confeccionar os espécimes de esmalte e armazenados em vinho tinto para promover o manchamento dos mesmos. Após, foram submetidos a três sessões de clareamento com peróxido de hidrogênio 35%. Três grupos (n= 9) foram utilizados para avaliação comparativa: gel de clareamento sem cálcio, gel de clareamento com cálcio e gel de clareamento com cálcio e aplicações de um agente para remineralização. As variáveis de desfecho avaliadas foram o percentual de diminuição da dureza superficial do esmalte em diferentes tempos de armazenamento (7, 14, 21 e 28 dias após o clareamento) e alteração de cor. Os dados foram avaliados com ANOVA (perda mineral) e estatística descritiva (alteração de cor). Resultados: As diferenças de perda mineral entre os grupos não foram estatisticamente significativas em todos os tempos avaliados. Em relação aos valores colorimétricos, todos os grupos apresentaram clareamento substancial após o tratamento. Conclusão: Concluiu-se que não houve influência do produto de remineralização utilizado ou gel clareador na perda mineral em esmalte.
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
This article provides a brief review of recent investigations concerning the structure and properties of the tooth. The last decade has brought a greater emphasis on the durability of the tooth, an improved understanding of the fatigue and fracture behavior of the principal tissues, and their importance to tooth failures. The primary contributions to tooth durability are discussed, including the process of placing a restoration, the impact of aging, and challenges posed by the oral environment. The significance of these findings to the dental community and their importance to the pursuit of lifelong oral health are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dwayne D Arola
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington School of Dentistry, Roberts Hall, 333, Box 352120, Seattle, WA 98195-2120, USA; Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Dentistry, Seattle, WA 98195-2120, USA; Department of Restorative Dentistry, Box 357456, University of Washington School of Dentistry, Seattle, WA 98195-7456, USA.
| | - Shanshan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hai Zhang
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Box 357456, University of Washington School of Dentistry, Seattle, WA 98195-7456, USA
| | - Radi Masri
- Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, 650 West Baltimore Street, 4th Floor, Suite 4228, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Jiang T, Guo YR, Feng XW, Sa Y, Yang X, Wang M, Li P, Wang YN. Hydrogen Peroxide Might Bleach Natural Dentin by Oxidizing Phosphoprotein. J Dent Res 2018; 97:1339-1345. [PMID: 29939809 DOI: 10.1177/0022034518784260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggested that bleaching agents may whiten teeth by oxidizing the fluorescent materials, which are the proteins located in the organic-inorganic interface. Therefore, we postulated that fluorescence of dentin came from dentin phosphoprotein (DPP) and that bleaching agents might bleach dentin by oxidizing DPP. Fifty-six specimens were randomly divided into 4 groups and exposed to distilled water, hydrogen peroxide (HP), ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA), and acetic acid for 24 h. After measuring the organic and inorganic components, fluorescence, and color characteristics of dentin before and after exposure, we found that when DPP was removed from dentin by EDTA, fluorescent intensity declined proportionally with the reduction in Raman relative intensity, and dentin was whitened considerably, with an Δ E value 6 times higher than that of the distilled water group. On the contrary, due to the incapability of acetic acid to dissolve DPP during decalcification, fluorescent intensity values and tooth color remained nearly unchanged after exposure to acetic acid. Dentin exposed to neutral HP showed no obvious morphologic and organic/inorganic component changes except for the destruction of DPP. Similarly, dramatically decreased fluorescent intensity and lightened color were found in the HP group. Moreover, DPP solution of the HP group exhibited decreased ultraviolet absorbance, especially between 250 and 300 nm, which arose from aromatic amino acids. The results indicated that DPP was responsible for the fluorescent properties of dentin and that HP might bleach dentin by the oxidization of aromatic amino acids in DPP. These findings are of great significance in promoting our further understanding of the mechanism of tooth bleaching and the fluorescent property of normal dentin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Jiang
- 1 The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- 2 Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Y R Guo
- 1 The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - X W Feng
- 1 The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Y Sa
- 1 The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- 2 Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - X Yang
- 3 Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - M Wang
- 1 The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - P Li
- 1 The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Y N Wang
- 1 The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- 3 Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Vargas-Koudriavtsev T, Durán-Sedó R, Herrera-Sancho ÓA. Titanium dioxide in dental enamel as a trace element and its variation with bleaching. J Clin Exp Dent 2018; 10:e537-e541. [PMID: 29930771 PMCID: PMC6005084 DOI: 10.4317/jced.54478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Titanium is a less studied trace element in dental enamel. Literature relates an increased Titanium concentration with a decreased enamel crystal domain size, which in turn is related to a higher color value. The aim of our study was to analyze the effect of tooth bleaching agents on its concentration in dental enamel by means of confocal Raman spectroscopy. Material and Methods Human teeth were randomly distributed in six experimental groups (n=10) and submitted to different bleaching protocols according to the manufacturer´s instructions. Confocal Raman spectroscopy was carried out in order to identify and quantify the presence of titanium dioxide molecules in enamel prior to and during whitening. Statistical analysis included repeated measures analysis of variance (p≤0.05) and Bonferroni pairwise comparisons. Results Titanium dioxide concentration was negatively affected by the longer bleaching protocols (at-home bleaching gels). All in-office whitening products increased significantly the studied molecule (p≤0,05). Conclusions All dental specimens depicted the presence of titanium dioxide as a trace element in dental enamel. Bleaching gels that have to be applied at higher concentrations but for shorter periods of time increase the concentration of titanium dioxide, whilst at-home whitening gels used for longer periods of time despite the lower concentration caused a loss in titanium. Key words:Bleaching, whitening, hydrogen peroxide, carbamide peroxide, Raman spectroscopy, titanium dioxide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Randall Durán-Sedó
- Dental Faculty, University of Costa Rica. Graduate program dental student
| | - Óscar-Andrey Herrera-Sancho
- School of Physics, University of Costa Rica. Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, University of Costa Rica. Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lopes FC, Roperto R, Akkus A, Akkus O, Palma-Dibb RG, de Sousa-Neto MD. Effect of laser activated bleaching on the chemical stability and morphology of intracoronal dentin. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 86:40-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
30
|
Guo YR, Yang X, Feng XW, Sa Y, Wang M, Li P, Jiang T. New Insights into Effects of Aromatic Amino Acids on Hydroxyapatite. J Dent Res 2017; 97:402-408. [PMID: 29130776 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517741274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomimetics inspired by superstructures and extraordinary properties of teeth have resulted in tooth repair and the generation of novel materials. However, little attention has been paid to tooth color, whose origin remains unknown. Based on recent studies, fluorophores-mainly aromatic amino acids (AAAs) in proteins-might be responsible for tooth color. We synthesized carbonated hydroxyapatite (HA; the mineral phase of teeth) in the presence of different amino acids (AAs; the basic units of protein matrix of teeth) as a simplified model of teeth to explore the color source at the AA level. After measuring the fluorescence and color characteristics of HA-AAs before and after bleaching treatment, we found that only HA, synthesized in the presence of AAAs, exhibited remarkable fluorescence and color property. Furthermore, linearly increased fluorescence intensity and deeper color were observed with an increase in AAA content in HA-AAAs. Similarly, significantly decreased absorbance of HA-AAAs between 250 and 300 nm in ultraviolet spectra, declined fluorescence intensity, and decolored performance of HA-AAAs were observed after bleaching treatment. The results showed that AAAs contributed to the fluorescence and color properties of HA and that hydrogen peroxide might whiten HA-AAAs by oxidizing the benzene ring in AAAs. These findings are of great significance in promoting the synthesis of advanced tooth-colored materials and furthering our understanding of the possible mechanisms of hydrogen peroxide. Moreover, our study shed light on the importance of AAAs and might provide new ideas for investigations of biomineralization and biomimetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y R Guo
- 1 The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - X Yang
- 2 Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - X W Feng
- 1 The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Sa
- 1 The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,3 Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - M Wang
- 1 The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - P Li
- 1 The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - T Jiang
- 1 The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,3 Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Nam SH, Ok SM, Kim GC. Tooth bleaching with low-temperature plasma lowers surface roughness and Streptococcus mutans
adhesion. Int Endod J 2017; 51:479-488. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S.-H. Nam
- Department of Dental Hygiene; Kangwon National University; Samcheok Korea
| | - S.-M. Ok
- Department of Oral Medicine; Institute of Translational Dental Sciences; Pusan National University; Yangsan Korea
- Dental Research Institute; Pusan National University Dental Hospital; Yangsan Korea
| | - G.-C. Kim
- Department of Oral Anatomy; School of Dentistry; Pusan National University; Yangsan Korea
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Analysis of the Chemical Modification of Dental Enamel Submitted to 35% Hydrogen Peroxide "In-Office" Whitening, with or without Calcium. Int J Dent 2017; 2017:4646789. [PMID: 28932242 PMCID: PMC5592391 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4646789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in calcium and phosphorus content in dental enamel when subjected to “in-office” whitening for an extended time by using a 35% hydrogen peroxide solution, with and without calcium. Materials and Methods 10 human teeth, from which the roots had been removed, were embedded in epoxy resin, and their surfaces were smoothed. The specimens were divided into two groups; in group 1, a whitening solution without calcium was used, while in group 2, the solution included calcium. Each specimen was evaluated at 6 different points before the bleaching treatment, and these points were reassessed after each session. A total of five sessions were carried out. Concentrations of calcium and phosphorus were measured by using the technique of X-ray fluorescence. Results After performing a statistical analysis, it was found that there was no statistically significant loss of calcium and phosphorus during the whitening treatment, and the groups showed no statistical differences. Conclusion Excessive use of hydrogen peroxide, with or without calcium, causes no loss of calcium and phosphorus.
Collapse
|
33
|
Effects of different concentrations and exposure time of sodium hypochlorite on the structural, compositional and mechanical properties of human dentin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 37:568-576. [DOI: 10.1007/s11596-017-1774-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
34
|
Gomes MN, Rodrigues FP, Silikas N, Francci CE. Micro-CT and FE-SEM enamel analyses of calcium-based agent application after bleaching. Clin Oral Investig 2017; 22:961-970. [PMID: 28689366 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-017-2175-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of the present study is to evaluate the effects of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) on bleached enamel. MATERIALS AND METHODS A bleaching agent (35% hydrogen peroxide) was applied, 4 × 8 min on premolar teeth (n = 8). A CPP-ACP paste was applied for 7 days. Prior and post-treatment, microtomography images were obtained and 3D regions of interest (ROIs) were selected, from outer enamel, extending to 110.2-μm depth. CT parameters of structure: thickness (St.Th), separation (St.Sp), and fragmentation index (Fr.I.) were calculated for each (ROI). Data was submitted to paired t tests at a 95% confidence level. The samples were evaluated at 3000 to 100,000 magnification. Quantitative analysis of enamel mineral content was also determined by SEM EDX. RESULTS There was a significant increase in structure thickness and calcium content. The phosphorus content increased after bleaching. There was also a decreased separation and fragmentation index on the outer enamel to a depth of 56.2 μm (p < 0.05). There were no changes at 110.2-μm depth for the bleaching CPP-ACP association. A covering layer and decreased spaces between the hydroxyapatite crystals appeared around the enamel prisms, 7 days after the CPP-ACP application. CONCLUSIONS The application of a CPP-ACP provides a compact structure on the enamel's outer surface, for 7 days, due to calcium deposition. CT parameters seem to be a useful tool for mineralizing and remineralizing future studies. CLINICAL RELEVANCE CPP-ACP neutralizes any adverse effects on enamel surface when applied during a week after bleaching and minimizes any side effects of the bleaching treatment due to a more compact structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Neves Gomes
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil.
| | - Flávia Pires Rodrigues
- Post-graduate Programme in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Paulista University-UNIP, Av. Dr Bacelar 1212, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04026-002, Brazil.,Department of Restorative Dentistry School of Dentistry Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, R. Gilberto Studart, 770/901, Cocó, Fortaleza, CE, 60190-750, Brazil
| | - Nick Silikas
- Biomaterials Science Research Group, School of Dentistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Carlos Eduardo Francci
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Sa Y, Feng X, Lei C, Yu Y, Jiang T, Wang Y. Evaluation of the effectiveness of micro-Raman spectroscopy in monitoring the mineral contents change of human enamel in vitro. Lasers Med Sci 2017; 32:985-991. [PMID: 28365815 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-017-2197-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the efficacy of micro-Raman spectroscopy on detecting mineral content change during the demineralization and de/remineralization cycling process. The enamel samples (n = 55) were randomly divided into three groups and separately treated with demineralization solution (n = 20), de/remineralization cycling solution (n = 30), and distilled water (n = 5). Micro-Raman spectroscopy, microhardness (MHS), and the released calcium ions concentration were performed before and after treatment, respectively. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a post hoc Tukey test was used to analyze the results. The Spearman correlation coefficients among the parameters of Raman relative intensity decrease (RRID%), the percentage of MHS loss (PML), and the released calcium ions concentration were also analyzed. In demineralization group, RRID%, PML, and released calcium ions concentration were highly correlated with each other (r = 0.979, p < 0.001; r = 0.984, p < 0.001; and r = 0.983, p < 0.001, respectively). While for the de/remineralization cycling group, there also existed a high correlation between RRID% and PML (r = 0.987, p < 0.001). In conclusion, micro-Raman spectroscopy could effectively monitor the mineral content change, and its efficacy was validated by the measurement of released calcium ions concentration and MHS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sa
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China.,Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Feng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Lei
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Yu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, Nankai University, 75 Dagu Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yining Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Vargas-Koudriavtsev T, Herrera-Sancho ÓA. Effect of tooth-bleaching on the carbonate concentration in dental enamel by Raman spectroscopy. J Clin Exp Dent 2017; 9:e101-e106. [PMID: 28149472 PMCID: PMC5268112 DOI: 10.4317/jced.53145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are not many studies evaluating the effects of surface treatments at the molecular level. The aim of this in vitro study was to analyze the concentration of carbonate molecules in dental enamel by Raman spectroscopy after the application of in-office and home whitening agents. Material and Methods Sixty human teeth were randomly divided into six groups and exposed to three different home bleaching gels (Day White) and three in-office whitening agents (Zoom! Whitespeed and PolaOffice) according to the manufacturer´s instructions. The concentration of carbonate molecules in enamel was measured prior to and during the treatment by means of Raman spectroscopy. Statistical analysis included repeated measures analysis of variance (p≤0.05) and Bonferroni pairwise comparisons. Results At home bleaching agents depicted a decrease in the carbonate molecule. This decrease was statistically significant for the bleaching gel with the highest hydrogen peroxide concentration (p≤0,05). In-office whitening agents caused an increase in carbonate, which was significant for all three groups (p≤0,05). Conclusions In-office bleaching gels seem to cause a gain in carbonate of the enamel structure, whilst at-home whitening gels caused a loss in carbonate. Key words:Bleaching, whitening, hydrogen peroxide, carbamide peroxide, Raman spectroscopy, carbonate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Óscar-Andrey Herrera-Sancho
- School of Physics, University of Costa Rica. Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, University of Costa Rica. Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Altshuler G, Belikov A, Skrypnik A, Feldchtein F, Pushkareva A, Shatilova K, Cernavin I, Tuchin V. Peroxide dental bleaching via laser microchannels and tooth color measurements. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:125001. [PMID: 27926747 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.12.125001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to use microchannels drilled by an Er:YAG laser into a human tooth through the enamel into the dentin for direct injection of hydrogen peroxide (HP) to produce a minimally invasive, rapid, tooth bleaching effect. The experiments were conducted in vitro. Five microchannels with a diameter of ?200???m and a depth of ?2??mm were drilled through the palatal side of a human tooth crown using the microbeam of an Er:YAG-laser with a wavelength of 2.94???m. After injection of an aqueous solution of 31%-HP through the microchannels, the tooth color was evaluated using a VITA shade guide and International Commission on Illumination L*ab color parameters. A tooth model used for the evaluation of the distribution of HP concentration was created and the amount of HP which can be injected into tooth dentin to bleach it safely was estimated. Injection of 1.5±0.1??mm3 of 31%-HP into the tooth led to noticeable bleaching within 3 h and significant improvement of tooth color within 24 h.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Altshuler
- IPG Medical Corporation, 377 Simarano Drive, Marlborough, Massachusetts 01752, United States
| | - Andrey Belikov
- Saint Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics, Faculty of Laser and Light Engineering, Department of Laser Technologies and Systems, 49 Kronverksky Avenue, Saint-Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Alexei Skrypnik
- Saint Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics, Faculty of Laser and Light Engineering, Department of Laser Technologies and Systems, 49 Kronverksky Avenue, Saint-Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Felix Feldchtein
- Medical Device Consultant, 28 Lebeaux Drive, Shrewsbury, Massachusetts 01545, United States
| | - Alexandra Pushkareva
- Saint Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics, Faculty of Laser and Light Engineering, Department of Laser Technologies and Systems, 49 Kronverksky Avenue, Saint-Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Ksenia Shatilova
- Saint Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics, Faculty of Laser and Light Engineering, Department of Laser Technologies and Systems, 49 Kronverksky Avenue, Saint-Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Igor Cernavin
- University of Melbourne, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, 42 The Eyrie, Eaglemont, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Valery Tuchin
- Saratov National Research State University, Research-Education Institute of Optics and Biophotonics, 83 Astrakhanskaya Street, Saratov 410012, RussiafInstitute of Precision Mechanics and Control of Russian Academy of Sciences, 24 Rabochaya Street, Saratov 410028, RussiagNational Research Tomsk State University, Laboratory of Biophotonics, 36 Lenin's Avenue, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Khoroushi M, Shirban F, Kaveh S, Doustfateme S. Effect of three nanobiomaterials on microhardness of bleached enamel. Restor Dent Endod 2016; 41:196-201. [PMID: 27508161 PMCID: PMC4977350 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2016.41.3.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of incorporating three different nanobiomaterials into bleaching material on microhardness of bleached enamel. MATERIALS AND METHODS The crowns of 24 extracted sound human molars were sectioned. Sixty enamel specimens (2 × 3 × 4 mm) were selected and divided into five groups (n = 12): Group 1 received no bleaching procedure (control); Group 2 underwent bleaching with a 40% hydrogen peroxide (HP) gel; Groups 3, 4, and 5 were bleached with a 40% HP gel modified by incorporation of bioactive glass (BAG), amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) and hydroxyapatite (HA), respectively. The enamel microhardness was evaluated. The differences in Knoop microhardness data of each group were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, followed by post hoc Tukey tests. RESULTS Significant differences were observed between the study groups. The enamel microhardness changes in Groups 1, 3, 4, and 5 were significantly lower than that of Group 2 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that incorporation of each one of the three tested biomaterials as remineralizing agents might be effective in decreasing enamel microhardness changes subsequent to in-office bleaching.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Khoroushi
- Dental Materials Research Center, Department of Operative Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farinaz Shirban
- Dental Research Center and Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sara Kaveh
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Samaneh Doustfateme
- Persian Gulf Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Toothbrushing abrasion susceptibility of enamel and dentin bleached with calcium-supplemented hydrogen peroxide gel. J Dent 2016; 49:54-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
40
|
Poggio C, Grasso N, Ceci M, Beltrami R, Colombo M, Chiesa M. Ultrastructural evaluation of enamel surface morphology after tooth bleaching followed by the application of protective pastes. SCANNING 2016; 38:221-226. [PMID: 26376339 DOI: 10.1002/sca.21263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present in vitro study was to evaluate the morphology of bleached enamel surface followed by the application of different protective pastes. Specimens were prepared from 50 human incisors free of caries and defects. The bleaching procedure was performed with 35% hydrogen peroxide (Perfect Bleach Office+). For the remineralization treatment, different protective pastes (Tooth Mousse, MI Paste Plus, Remin Pro, and Profluorid Varnish) were evaluated. Specimens were randomly assigned to 10 groups of 5 specimens each. The specimens were analyzed under scanning electron microscopy. The superficial morphology of enamel was examined and scored as follows: 0, enamel with smooth surface morphology; 1, enamel with slight irregularities; 2, enamel with moderate irregularities; 3, enamel with accentuated irregularities. The photomicrographs were evaluated in a double-blind manner by three examiners, previously calibrated. Results were analyzed by a Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test, at the significance level of 0.05. Dunn method posttest was applied for multiple comparisons. A different superficial morphology was observed among control group specimens and specimens treated with bleaching agent and protective pastes (p < 0.05). Enamel bleached showed pronounced surface changes and irregularities, significantly different from other groups except for groups 8 (enamel + Perfect Bleach Office+ + Remin Pro) and 10 (enamel + Perfect Bleach Office+ + Profluorid Varnish) (p > 0.05). The application of the tested pastes after bleaching is effective on repairing enamel surface morphology, demonstrating a higher efficacy for the CPP-ACP products compared to fluoridated ones. SCANNING 38:221-226, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Poggio
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences - Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Nicolò Grasso
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences - Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Matteo Ceci
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences - Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Riccardo Beltrami
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences - Section of Statistics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Colombo
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences - Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Chiesa
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences - Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Yahyazadehfar M, Zhang D, Arola D. On the importance of aging to the crack growth resistance of human enamel. Acta Biomater 2016; 32:264-274. [PMID: 26747980 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
With improvements in oral health and an overall increase in quality of life, the percentage of fully or largely dentate seniors is increasing. Understanding the effects of aging on the mechanical properties of teeth is essential to the maintenance of lifelong oral health. In this investigation the effects of aging on the fracture toughness of human enamel were evaluated from incremental crack growth experiments performed on tissue of donor teeth representing "young" (17 ⩽ age ⩽ 25) and "old" (age ⩾ 55) age groups. Results showed that the old enamel exhibited significantly lower resistance to fracture than that of the young tissue in two orthogonal directions of crack growth. For crack growth transverse to the enamel rods, the fracture toughness of the old enamel (0.37 ± 0.15 MPa m(0.5)) was nearly 70% lower than that of tissue from the young teeth (1.23 ± 0.20 MPa m(0.5)). Based on results from a mechanistic analysis of crack growth, the reduction in fracture resistance is attributed to a decrease in the degree of extrinsic toughening. The practice of restorative dentistry should account for these changes in tooth tissues in the treatment of senior patients. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The mechanical behavior of enamel has been studied for over 3 decades. Due to the limited volume of tissue available for evaluation, past work has been largely based on indentation methods. In this investigation we have evaluated the resistance to fracture of human enamel using a conventional fracture mechanics approach and incremental crack growth. We compared the fracture resistance of cuspal enamel obtained from the teeth of representative "young" and "old" donor groups. Our results show that there is a substantial reduction in the resistance to fracture with age, that it is anisotropic, and that the degradation is more severe than that which occurs to dentin. As such, we feel this work is a significant contribution to the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mobin Yahyazadehfar
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dongsheng Zhang
- Department of Mechanics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Dwayne Arola
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abe AT, Youssef MN, Turbino ML. Effect of Bleaching Agents on the Nanohardness of Tooth Enamel, Composite Resin, and the Tooth-Restoration Interface. Oper Dent 2016; 41:44-52. [DOI: 10.2341/14-153-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the nanohardness of tooth enamel, composite resin, dental adhesive, and enamel hybrid layer exposed to 35% hydrogen peroxide-based bleaching agents and analyze the tooth-restoration interface using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This study used 40 crowns of bovine incisors, which were embedded in epoxy resin. A 2 × 2 × 2-mm cavity was prepared in the medial third of the flattened buccal surface of each tooth and restored (two-step etch-and-rinse Adper Single Bond 2 + nanocomposite resin Filtek Z350 XT). The specimens were polished and divided into four groups (n=10), corresponding to each bleaching agent used (TB: Total Blanc Office, pH=7.22–6.33; HPB: Whiteness HP Blue, pH=8.89–8.85; HP: Whiteness HP, pH=6.65–6.04; PO: Pola Office, pH=3.56–3.8), applied in accordance with manufacturer protocols. The nanohardness of the substrates was measured before and immediately after the bleaching procedure and after 7-day storage in artificial saliva with an Ultra-Microhardness Tester (DUH-211S, Shimadzu). Loads used were 100 mN for tooth enamel and composite resin and 10 mN for adhesive and enamel hybrid layer. For SEM analysis, epoxy replicas were prepared through high-precision impressions of the specimens. For nanohardness, the statistical tests two-way analysis of variance and Tukey (p<0.05) revealed that the agent with the lowest pH value (PO) was the only one to decrease the nanohardness of enamel and the enamel hybrid layer immediately after its application; however, after 7-day storage in artificial saliva, the nanohardness levels of these substrates returned to their original values. SEM analysis revealed small gaps between tooth enamel and adhesive after the exposure to all bleaching agents; however, the most evident gap in the tooth-restoration interface was observed immediately after application of agent PO. No bleaching agent used changed the nanohardness of the composite resin and adhesive layer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- AT Abe
- Andrea Tami Abe, DDS, MSc, Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - MN Youssef
- Michel N Youssef, DDS, MSc, associate professor, Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - ML Turbino
- Míriam Lacalle Turbino, DDS, MSc, associate professor, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Brambert P, Qian F, Kwon SR. Erosion Potential of Tooth Whitening Regimens as Evaluated with Polarized Light Microscopy. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015; 16:921-5. [PMID: 26718302 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Tooth whitening is a widely utilized esthetic treatment in dentistry. With increased access to over-the-counter (OTC) systems concerns have been raised as to potential adverse effects associated with overuse of whitening materials. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate enamel erosion due to different whitening regimens when used in excess of recommended guidelines. MATERIALS AND METHODS Extracted human teeth (n = 66) were randomly divided into 11 groups (n = 6/group). Specimens were exposed to OTC products: Crest Whitestrips and 5-minute natural white and a do-it-yourself (DIY) strawberry whitening recipe. Within each regimen, groups were further divided per exposure time: specimens receiving the recommended product dosage; 5 times the recommended dosage; and 10 times the recommended dosage. Negative and positive controls were treated with grade 3 water and 1.0% citric acid, respectively. Specimens were nail-varnished to limit application to a 1 × 4 mm window. Following treatment, specimens were sectioned and erosion (drop in μm) measured using polarized light microscopy. Two-sample t-test was used to detect difference in amount of enamel erosion between negative and positive groups, while one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by post hoc Dunnett's test was used to detect difference between set of treatment groups and negative control groups or among all experimental groups. RESULTS There was significant difference in mean amount of enamel erosion (p < 0.0001). Mean enamel erosion for positive control group was significantly greater than that for negative control group (23.50 vs 2.65 μm). There was significant effect for type of treatments on enamel erosion [F(9,50) = 25.19; p < 0.0001]. There was no significant difference between the negative control and each of treatment groups (p > 0.05 for all instances), except for Natural White_10 times treatment group (p < 0.0001) that was significantly greater than the negative control group (14.82 vs 2.65 μm). CONCLUSION Caution is advised when using certain over-the-counter products beyond recommended guidelines as there is potential for enamel erosion. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Enamel erosion due to the overuse of whitening products varies for different modalities and products. Therefore, caution is advised when using certain over-the-counter products beyond recommended guidelines, as there is potential for enamel erosion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Brambert
- Department of Dentistry, University of Iowa College of Dentistry Lowa City, United States
| | - Fang Qian
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Division of Biostatistics and Research Design, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Lowa City, United States
| | - So Ran Kwon
- Associate Professor, Department of Center for Dental Research, Loma Linda University School of Dentistry, 11175 Campus, Street Suite A 1010, Loma Linda 92350, California United States, Phone: 909 558 8069, e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
A spectrometric method for hydrogen peroxide concentration measurement with a reusable and cost-efficient sensor. SENSORS 2015; 15:25716-29. [PMID: 26473862 PMCID: PMC4634519 DOI: 10.3390/s151025716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study we developed a low cost sensor for measuring the concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in liquids utilizing a spectrometric method. The sensor was tested using various concentrations of a peroxidase enzyme immobilized on a glass substrate. H2O2 can be catalyzed by peroxidase and converted into water and oxygen. The reagent 4-amino-phenazone takes up oxygen together with phenol to form a colored product that has absorption peaks at 510 nm and 450 nm. The transmission intensity is strongly related to the hydrogen peroxide concentration, so can be used for quantitative analysis. The measurement range for hydrogen peroxide is from 5 × 10−5% to 1 × 10−3% (0.5 ppm to 10 ppm) and the results show high linearity. This device can achieve a sensitivity and resolution of 41,400 (photon count/%) and 3.49 × 10−5% (0.35 ppm), respectively. The response time of the sensor is less than 3 min and the sensor can be reused for 10 applications with similar performance.
Collapse
|
45
|
Vargas-Koudriavtsev T, Durán-Sedó R, Sáenz-Bonilla P, Bonilla-Mora V, Guevara-Bertsch M, Jiménez-Corrales RA, Herrera-Sancho OA. Effect of tooth-bleaching agents on phosphate concentration in dental enamel by means of Raman spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rodmex.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
46
|
Caneppele TMF, Torres CRG, Bresciani E. Analysis of the Color and Fluorescence Alterations of Enamel and Dentin Treated With Hydrogen Peroxide. Braz Dent J 2015; 26:514-8. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201300249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hydrogen peroxide whitening on fluorescence and color of bovine enamel and dentin. Twenty five dentin discs and 25 enamel discs, with 6 mm diameter and 1 mm thick, were obtained. Direct fluorescence (spectrofluorophotometry) and color (spectrophotometry) were assessed. After fluorescence and color baseline measurements, specimens were immersed in a 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) solution for 1 h. This procedure was repeated after 7 days. Final fluorescence and color measurements were performed after the second immersion. Chemical characterization of 5 additional specimens was also performed. Data were submitted to repeated analysis of variance and Tukey´s test for fluorescence and unpaired t-test for color and chemical components (p<0.05). Fluorescence decreased significantly in dentin specimens after whitening. Enamel presented lower fluorescence than dentin at baseline, but this parameter did not decrease after whitening. Color changes were observed for both substrates, with significantly greater whitening effect in dentin (ΔE=10.37) (p<0.001). Whitening by hydrogen peroxide induced significant decrease in fluorescence of tooth dentin and promoted significant color changes in dentin and enamel with more accentuated outcomes in dentin.
Collapse
|
47
|
Effect of tooth bleaching agents on protein content and mechanical properties of dental enamel. Acta Biomater 2015; 20:120-128. [PMID: 25841347 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of two bleaching agents, 16% carbamide peroxide (CP) and 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP), on the mechanical properties and protein content of human enamel from freshly extracted teeth. The protein components of control and treated enamel were extracted and examined on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Marked reduction of the protein matrix and random fragmentation of the enamel proteins after bleaching treatments was found. The mechanical properties were analyzed with Vickers indentations to characterize fracture toughness, and nanoindentation to establish enamel hardness, elastic modulus and creep deformation. Results indicate that the hardness and elastic modulus of enamel were significantly reduced after treatment with CP and HP. After bleaching, the creep deformation at maximum load increased and the recovery upon unloading reduced. Crack lengths of CP and HP treated enamel were increased, while fracture toughness decreased. Additionally, the microstructures of fractured and indented samples were examined with field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM) showing distinct differences in the fracture surface morphology between pre- and post-bleached enamel. In conclusion, tooth bleaching agents can produce detrimental effects on the mechanical properties of enamel, possibly as a consequence of damaging or denaturing of its protein components.
Collapse
|
48
|
Yahyazadehfar M, Arola D. The role of organic proteins on the crack growth resistance of human enamel. Acta Biomater 2015; 19:33-45. [PMID: 25805107 PMCID: PMC4499056 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
With only 1% protein by weight, tooth enamel is the most highly mineralized tissue in mammals. The focus of this study was to evaluate contributions of the proteins on the fracture resistance of this unique structural material. Sections of enamel were obtained from the cusps of human molars and the crack growth resistance was quantified using a conventional fracture mechanics approach with complementary finite element analysis. In selected specimens the proteins were extracted using a potassium hydroxide treatment. Removal of the proteins resulted in approximately 40% decrease in the fracture toughness with respect to the fully proteinized control. The loss of organic content was most detrimental to the extrinsic toughening mechanisms, causing over 80% reduction in their contribution to the total energy to fracture. This degradation occurred by embrittlement of the unbroken bridging ligaments and consequent reduction in the crack closure stress. Although the organic content of tooth enamel is very small, it is essential to crack growth toughening by facilitating the formation of unbroken ligaments and in fortifying their potency. Replicating functions of the organic content will be critical to the successful development of bio-inspired materials that are designed for fracture resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mobin Yahyazadehfar
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dwayne Arola
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Dionysopoulos D, Strakas D, Koliniotou-Koumpia E. The influence of a novel in-office tooth whitening procedure using an Er,Cr:YSGG laser on enamel surface morphology. Lasers Surg Med 2015; 47:503-11. [DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Dionysopoulos
- Research Associate; Department of Operative Dentistry; School of Dentistry; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Dimitrios Strakas
- Department of Operative Dentistry; School of Dentistry; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Eugenia Koliniotou-Koumpia
- Department of Operative Dentistry; School of Dentistry; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki Greece
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Affiliation(s)
- So Ran Kwon
- Department of Operative Dentistry; University of Iowa College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics; Iowa City IA USA
| | - Philip W. Wertz
- Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine; Dows Institute for Dental Research; University of Iowa College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics; Iowa City IA USA
| |
Collapse
|