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Yanina IY, Dyachenko PA, Abdurashitov AS, Shalin AS, Minin IV, Minin OV, Bulygin AD, Vrazhnov DA, Kistenev YV, Tuchin VV. Light distribution in fat cell layers at physiological temperatures. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1073. [PMID: 36658207 PMCID: PMC9852459 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25012-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) optical properties for physiological temperatures and in vivo conditions are still insufficiently studied. The AT is composed mainly of packed cells close to spherical shape. It is a possible reason that AT demonstrates a very complicated spatial structure of reflected or transmitted light. It was shown with a cellular tissue phantom, is split into a fan of narrow tracks, originating from the insertion point and representing filament-like light distribution. The development of suitable approaches for describing light propagation in a AT is urgently needed. A mathematical model of the propagation of light through the layers of fat cells is proposed. It has been shown that the sharp local focusing of optical radiation (light localized near the shadow surface of the cells) and its cleavage by coupling whispering gallery modes depends on the optical thickness of the cell layer. The optical coherence tomography numerical simulation and experimental studies results demonstrate the importance of sharp local focusing in AT for understanding its optical properties for physiological conditions and at AT heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Yu Yanina
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya Str., Saratov, Russia, 410012. .,Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin's Av., Tomsk, Russia, 634050.
| | - Polina A Dyachenko
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya Str., Saratov, Russia, 410012.,Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin's Av., Tomsk, Russia, 634050
| | - Arkady S Abdurashitov
- Center for Neurobiology and Brain Restoration, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 3Nobelya Str., Moscow, Russia, 121205
| | - Alexander S Shalin
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, 141700, Russia.,Institute of Telecommunications, Riga Technical University, 12 Azenes str., LV-1658, Riga, Latvia.,Laboratory of Fiber Optics and Optical Measurements UB-1, Kotel'nikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences (Ulyanovsk Branch), 48 Goncharova Str., Ulyanovsk, Russia, 432011
| | - Igor V Minin
- School of Nondestructive Testing, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30 Lenin Av., Tomsk, Russia, 634050.,Institute for Strategic Studies, Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies, 10 Plahotnogo Str., Novosibirsk, Russia, 630108
| | - Oleg V Minin
- School of Nondestructive Testing, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30 Lenin Av., Tomsk, Russia, 634050.,Institute for Strategic Studies, Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies, 10 Plahotnogo Str., Novosibirsk, Russia, 630108
| | - Andrey D Bulygin
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin's Av., Tomsk, Russia, 634050.,Laboratory of Nonlinear Optical Interactions, V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Academician Zuev Sq., Tomsk, Russia, 634055
| | - Denis A Vrazhnov
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin's Av., Tomsk, Russia, 634050.,Laboratory for Remote Sensing of the Environment, V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Academician Zuev Sq., Tomsk, Russia, 634055
| | - Yury V Kistenev
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin's Av., Tomsk, Russia, 634050.,Laboratory for Remote Sensing of the Environment, V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Academician Zuev Sq., Tomsk, Russia, 634055
| | - Valery V Tuchin
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya Str., Saratov, Russia, 410012.,Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin's Av., Tomsk, Russia, 634050.,Laboratory of Laser Diagnostics of Technical and Living Systems, Institute of Precision Mechanics and Control, FRC "Saratov Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences", 24 Rabochaya Str., Saratov, Russia, 410028.,A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, FRC "Fundamentals of Biotechnology", 33-2, Leninsky Av., Moscow, Russia, 119991
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2
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Bucharskaya AB, Yanina IY, Atsigeida SV, Genin VD, Lazareva EN, Navolokin NA, Dyachenko PA, Tuchina DK, Tuchina ES, Genina EA, Kistenev YV, Tuchin VV. Optical clearing and testing of lung tissue using inhalation aerosols: prospects for monitoring the action of viral infections. Biophys Rev 2022; 14:1005-1022. [PMID: 36042751 PMCID: PMC9415257 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-022-00991-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Optical clearing of the lung tissue aims to make it more transparent to light by minimizing light scattering, thus allowing reconstruction of the three-dimensional structure of the tissue with a much better resolution. This is of great importance for monitoring of viral infection impact on the alveolar structure of the tissue and oxygen transport. Optical clearing agents (OCAs) can provide not only lesser light scattering of tissue components but also may influence the molecular transport function of the alveolar membrane. Air-filled lungs present significant challenges for optical imaging including optical coherence tomography (OCT), confocal and two-photon microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy, because of the large refractive-index mismatch between alveoli walls and the enclosed air-filled region. During OCT imaging, the light is strongly backscattered at each air–tissue interface, such that image reconstruction is typically limited to a single alveolus. At the same time, the filling of these cavities with an OCA, to which water (physiological solution) can also be attributed since its refractive index is much higher than that of air will lead to much better tissue optical transmittance. This review presents general principles and advances in the field of tissue optical clearing (TOC) technology, OCA delivery mechanisms in lung tissue, studies of the impact of microbial and viral infections on tissue response, and antimicrobial and antiviral photodynamic therapies using methylene blue (MB) and indocyanine green (ICG) dyes as photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla B. Bucharskaya
- Centre of Collective Use, Saratov State Medical University n.a. V.I. Razumovsky, 112 B. Kazach’ya, Saratov, 410012 Russia
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya St, Saratov, 410012 Russia
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin’s Av, Tomsk, 634050 Russia
| | - Irina Yu. Yanina
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya St, Saratov, 410012 Russia
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin’s Av, Tomsk, 634050 Russia
| | - Sofia V. Atsigeida
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya St, Saratov, 410012 Russia
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin’s Av, Tomsk, 634050 Russia
| | - Vadim D. Genin
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya St, Saratov, 410012 Russia
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin’s Av, Tomsk, 634050 Russia
| | - Ekaterina N. Lazareva
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya St, Saratov, 410012 Russia
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin’s Av, Tomsk, 634050 Russia
| | - Nikita A. Navolokin
- Centre of Collective Use, Saratov State Medical University n.a. V.I. Razumovsky, 112 B. Kazach’ya, Saratov, 410012 Russia
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya St, Saratov, 410012 Russia
| | - Polina A. Dyachenko
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya St, Saratov, 410012 Russia
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin’s Av, Tomsk, 634050 Russia
| | - Daria K. Tuchina
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya St, Saratov, 410012 Russia
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin’s Av, Tomsk, 634050 Russia
| | - Elena S. Tuchina
- Department of Biology, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya St, Saratov, 410012 Russia
| | - Elina A. Genina
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya St, Saratov, 410012 Russia
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin’s Av, Tomsk, 634050 Russia
| | - Yury V. Kistenev
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin’s Av, Tomsk, 634050 Russia
| | - Valery V. Tuchin
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya St, Saratov, 410012 Russia
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin’s Av, Tomsk, 634050 Russia
- Laboratory of Laser Diagnostics of Technical and Living Systems, Institute of Precision Mechanics and Control, FRC “Saratov Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 24 Rabochaya St, Saratov, 410028 Russia
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, FRC “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33-2 Leninsky Av, Moscow, 119991 Russia
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3
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Galli R, Preusse G, Schnabel C, Bartels T, Cramer K, Krautwald-Junghanns ME, Koch E, Steiner G. Sexing of chicken eggs by fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy through the shell membrane. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192554. [PMID: 29474445 PMCID: PMC5824995 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to provide an alternative to day-old chick culling in the layer hatcheries, a noninvasive method for egg sexing is required at an early stage of incubation before onset of embryo sensitivity. Fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy of blood offers the potential for precise and contactless in ovo sex determination of the domestic chicken (Gallus gallus f. dom.) eggs already during the fourth incubation day. However, such kind of optical spectroscopy requires a window in the egg shell, is thus invasive to the embryo and leads to decreased hatching rates. Here, we show that near infrared Raman and fluorescence spectroscopy can be performed on perfused extraembryonic vessels while leaving the inner egg shell membrane intact. Sparing the shell membrane makes the measurement minimally invasive, so that the sexing procedure does not affect hatching rates. We analyze the effect of the membrane above the vessels on fluorescence signal intensity and on Raman spectrum of blood, and propose a correction method to compensate for it. After compensation, we attain a correct sexing rate above 90% by applying supervised classification of spectra. Therefore, this approach offers the best premises towards practical deployment in the hatcheries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Galli
- Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- * E-mail: (RG); (GS)
| | - Grit Preusse
- Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Schnabel
- Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Bartels
- Clinic for Birds and Reptiles, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kerstin Cramer
- Clinic for Birds and Reptiles, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Edmund Koch
- Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gerald Steiner
- Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
- * E-mail: (RG); (GS)
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4
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Kizhakke Puliyakote AS, Vasilescu DM, Newell JD, Wang G, Weibel ER, Hoffman EA. Morphometric differences between central vs. surface acini in A/J mice using high-resolution micro-computed tomography. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2016; 121:115-22. [PMID: 27174924 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00317.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Through interior tomography, high-resolution microcomputed tomography (μCT) systems provide the ability to nondestructively assess the pulmonary acinus at micron and submicron resolutions. With the application of systematic uniform random sampling (SURS) principles applied to in situ fixed, intact, ex vivo lungs, we have sought to characterize morphometric differences in central vs. surface acini to better understand how well surface acini reflect global acinar geometry. Lungs from six mice (A/J strain, 15-20 wk of age) were perfusion fixed in situ and imaged using a multiresolution μCT system (Micro XCT 400, Zeiss). With the use of lower-resolution whole lung images, SURS methods were used for identification of central and surface foci for high-resolution imaging. Acinar morphometric metrics included diameters, lengths, and branching angles for each alveolar duct and total path lengths from entrance of the acinus to the terminal alveolar sacs. In addition, acinar volume, alveolar surface area, and surface area/volume ratios were assessed. A generation-based analysis demonstrated that central acini have significantly smaller branch diameters at each generation with no significant increase in branch lengths. In addition to larger-diameter alveolar ducts, surface acini had significantly increased numbers of branches and terminal alveolar sacs. The total path lengths from the acinar entrance to the terminal nodes were found to be higher in the case of surface acini. Volumes and surface areas of surface acini are greater than central acini, but there were no differences in surface/volume ratios. In conclusion, there are significant structural differences between surface and central acini in the A/J mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilash S Kizhakke Puliyakote
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | | | - John D Newell
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Ge Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | | | - Eric A Hoffman
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Department of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa;
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5
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Schnabel C, Jannasch A, Faak S, Waldow T, Koch E. Imaging of aortic valve dynamics in 4D OCT. CURRENT DIRECTIONS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/cdbme-2015-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The mechanical components of the heart, especially the valves and leaflets, are enormous stressed during lifetime. Therefore, those structures undergo different pathophysiological tissue transformations which affect cardiac output and in consequence living comfort of affected patients. These changes may lead to calcific aortic valve stenosis (AVS), the major heart valve disease in humans. The knowledge about changes of the dynamic behaviour during the course of this disease and the possibility of early stage diagnosis is of particular interest and could lead to the development of new treatment strategies and drug based options of prevention or therapy. 4D optical coherence tomography (OCT) in combination with high-speed video microscopy were applied to characterize dynamic behaviour of the murine aortic valve and to characterize dynamic properties during artificial stimulation. We present a promising tool to investigate the aortic valve dynamics in an ex vivo disease model with a high spatial and temporal resolution using a multimodal imaging setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schnabel
- Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät CGC, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine and Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Germany
| | - Anett Jannasch
- Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät CGC, Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, Germany
| | - Saskia Faak
- Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät CGC, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine and Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Germany and Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät CGC, Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, Germany
| | - Thomas Waldow
- Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät CGC, Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, Germany
| | - Edmund Koch
- Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät CGC, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine and Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Germany
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6
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McLaughlin RA, Noble PB, Sampson DD. Optical coherence tomography in respiratory science and medicine: from airways to alveoli. Physiology (Bethesda) 2015; 29:369-80. [PMID: 25180266 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00002.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography is a rapidly maturing optical imaging technology, enabling study of the in vivo structure of lung tissue at a scale of tens of micrometers. It has been used to assess the layered structure of airway walls, quantify both airway lumen caliber and compliance, and image individual alveoli. This article provides an overview of the technology and reviews its capability to provide new insights into respiratory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A McLaughlin
- Optical & Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia;
| | - Peter B Noble
- School of Anatomy, Physiology & Human Biology, and Centre for Neonatal Research & Education, School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia; and
| | - David D Sampson
- Optical & Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation & Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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Hwang SS, Chae YG, Oak C, Jung J, Lee HY, Kim SW, Chun BK, Kim HK, Jung M, Ahn YC, Park. In vivo real-time imaging of airway dynamics during bronchial challenge test. Lasers Surg Med 2015; 47:252-6. [PMID: 25779778 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Asthmatic patients exhibit airway hyper-responsiveness, which induces bronchoconstriction and results in a ventilation defect. The bronchial challenge test using methacholine is a useful way to measure airway hyper-responsiveness with airway constriction. Anatomical optical coherence tomography has been used to image airway hyper-responsiveness of medium sized bronchus with the aid of an endoscopic probe. Recently, a thoracic window was reported that allows direct visualization of terminal airway such as alveolus. A multi-scale integrated airway dynamics was assessed in this study. We imaged in vivo changes in the right intermedius bronchus and alveolar structure during the bronchial challenge test using two optical coherence tomography systems and correlated the changes with airway resistance. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rabbits intubated with a non-cuffed endotracheal tube on a ventilator sequentially inhaled normal saline and methacholine (2 or 5 μg/ml). The airway resistance was measured by mechanical ventilation and airway structures were monitored by a commercial endoscopic optical coherence tomography system (1,310 nm) and a house-made table-top spectral-domain optical coherence tomography system (850 nm). RESULTS We demonstrated an early decrease in the size of the right intermedius bronchus and alveoli in accordance with increased airway resistance after methacholine inhalation. OCT image after inhalation of 2 μg/ml methacholine showed some segmental narrowing of the right intermedius bronchus and the image after inhalation of 5 μg/ml methacholine showed even greater segmental narrowing. The cross-sectional areas were 7.2 ± 3.3 mm2 (normal saline), 3.7 ± 2.1 mm2 (2 μg/ml methacholine), and 2.4 ± 1.1 mm2 (5 μg/ml methacholine), respectively (P = 0.04). Most of the alveolar space was collapsed under elevated airway resistance with methacholine inhalation. The averaged areas per alveolus at the end of inspiration were 0.0244 ±0.0142 mm2 (normal saline), 0.0046 ±0.0026 mm2 (2 μg/ml methacholine), and 0.0048 ±0.0028 mm2 (5 μg/ml methacholine), respectively (P = 0.03). Methacholine induced a dose-dependent increase in airway resistance (1.1 ± 0.3 cm H2O sec/ml for 2 μg/ml methacholine, 1.5 ± 0.5 cm H2O sec/ml for 5 μg/ml methacholine) (P = 0.03). These results were obtained from normal rabbits during the bronchial challenge test with a non-cuffed endotracheal tube on a ventilator. With this setup increased airway resistance possibly resulted in larger leakage around the endotracheal tube, decreased inhaled volumes, and, in turn, alveolar collapse. CONCLUSION We performed a feasibility study of in vivo visualization of real-time airway dynamics. To our best knowledge, this is the first report of real-time integrated airway dynamics including the right intermedius bronchus and alveoli during a bronchial challenge test. OCT showed bronchial constriction and alveolar collapse with a higher methacholine dose. OCT images correlated with the measured airway resistance. Therefore, OCT could be a potential diagnostic device for airway hyper-responsiveness and airway remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Seok Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center for Marine-Integrated Biomedical Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea; Innovative Biomedical Technology Research Center, Busan, Korea
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Schnabel C, Jannasch A, Faak S, Waldow T, Koch E. Ex vivo 4D visualization of aortic valve dynamics in a murine model with optical coherence tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 5:4201-12. [PMID: 25574432 PMCID: PMC4285599 DOI: 10.1364/boe.5.004201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The heart and its mechanical components, especially the heart valves and leaflets, are under enormous strain and undergo fatigue, which impinge upon cardiac output. The knowledge about changes of the dynamic behavior and the possibility of early stage diagnosis could lead to the development of new treatment strategies. Animal models are suited for the development and evaluation of new experimental approaches and therefor innovative imaging techniques are necessary. In this study, we present the time resolved visualization of healthy and calcified aortic valves in an ex vivo artificially stimulated heart model with 4D optical coherence tomography and high-speed video microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schnabel
- Technische Universität Dresden, Faculty of Medicine CGC, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine and Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Germany ; Authors contributed equally to this paper
| | - Anett Jannasch
- Technische Universität Dresden, Faculty of Medicine CGC, Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, Germany ; Authors contributed equally to this paper
| | - Saskia Faak
- Technische Universität Dresden, Faculty of Medicine CGC, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine and Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Germany ; Technische Universität Dresden, Faculty of Medicine CGC, Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, Germany ; Authors contributed equally to this paper
| | - Thomas Waldow
- Technische Universität Dresden, Faculty of Medicine CGC, Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, Germany
| | - Edmund Koch
- Technische Universität Dresden, Faculty of Medicine CGC, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine and Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Germany
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9
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Schnabel C, Gaertner M, Kirsten L, Meissner S, Koch E. Total liquid ventilation: a new approach to improve 3D OCT image quality of alveolar structures in lung tissue. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:31782-8. [PMID: 24514773 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.031782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about mechanical processes of alveolar tissue during mechanical ventilation. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) as a three-dimensional and high-resolution imaging modality can be used to visualize subpleural alveoli during artificial ventilation. The quality of OCT images can be increased by matching the refractive index inside the alveoli to the one of tissue via liquid-filling. Thereby, scattering loss can be decreased and higher penetration depth and tissue contrast can be achieved. We show the liquid-filling of alveolar structures verified by optical coherence tomography and intravital microscopy (IVM) and the advantages of index matching for OCT imaging of subpleural alveoli in a mouse model using a custom-made liquid ventilator.
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10
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Namati E, Warger WC, Unglert CI, Eckert JE, Hostens J, Bouma BE, Tearney GJ. Four-dimensional visualization of subpleural alveolar dynamics in vivo during uninterrupted mechanical ventilation of living swine. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 4:2492-506. [PMID: 24298409 PMCID: PMC3829543 DOI: 10.1364/boe.4.002492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 08/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary alveoli have been studied for many years, yet no unifying hypothesis exists for their dynamic mechanics during respiration due to their miniature size (100-300 μm dimater in humans) and constant motion, which prevent standard imaging techniques from visualizing four-dimensional dynamics of individual alveoli in vivo. Here we report a new platform to image the first layer of air-filled subpleural alveoli through the use of a lightweight optical frequency domain imaging (OFDI) probe that can be placed upon the pleura to move with the lung over the complete range of respiratory motion. This device enables in-vivo acquisition of four-dimensional microscopic images of alveolar airspaces (alveoli and ducts), within the same field of view, during continuous ventilation without restricting the motion or modifying the structure of the alveoli. Results from an exploratory study including three live swine suggest that subpleural alveolar air spaces are best fit with a uniform expansion (r (2) = 0.98) over a recruitment model (r (2) = 0.72). Simultaneously, however, the percentage change in volume shows heterogeneous alveolar expansion within just a 1 mm x 1 mm field of view. These results signify the importance of four-dimensional imaging tools, such as the device presented here. Quantification of the dynamic response of the lung during ventilation may help create more accurate modeling techniques and move toward a more complete understanding of alveolar mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Namati
- Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, 40 Blossom St., BAR-714, Boston, MA 02114 USA
- Co-first authors. These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - William C. Warger
- Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, 40 Blossom St., BAR-714, Boston, MA 02114 USA
- Co-first authors. These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Carolin I. Unglert
- Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, 40 Blossom St., BAR-714, Boston, MA 02114 USA
- Air Liquide Centre de Recherche Claude-Delorme, Medical Gases Group, 1 Chemin de la Porte des Loges, Les-Loges-en-Josas, France
| | - Jocelyn E. Eckert
- Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, 40 Blossom St., BAR-714, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | | | - Brett E. Bouma
- Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, 40 Blossom St., BAR-714, Boston, MA 02114 USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Guillermo J. Tearney
- Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, 40 Blossom St., BAR-714, Boston, MA 02114 USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114 USA
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Kirsten L, Gaertner M, Schnabel C, Meissner S, Koch E. Four-dimensional imaging of murine subpleural alveoli using high-speed optical coherence tomography. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2013; 6:148-52. [PMID: 22499540 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201200027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Revised: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/25/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The investigation of lung dynamics on alveolar scale is crucial for the understanding and treatment of lung diseases, such as acute lung injury and ventilator induced lung injury, and to promote the development of protective ventilation strategies. One approach to this is the establishment of numerical simulations of lung tissue mechanics where detailed knowledge about three-dimensional alveolar structure changes during the ventilation cycle is required. We suggest four-dimensional optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging as a promising modality for visualizing the structural dynamics of single alveoli in subpleural lung tissue with high temporal resolution using a mouse model. A high-speed OCT setup based on Fourier domain mode locked laser technology facilitated the acquisition of alveolar structures without noticeable motion artifacts at a rate of 17 three-dimensional stacks per ventilation cycle. The four-dimensional information, acquired in one single ventilation cycle, allowed calculating the volume-pressure curve and the alveolar compliance for single alveoli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Kirsten
- Dresden University of Technology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Department Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
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12
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Unglert CI, Warger WC, Hostens J, Namati E, Birngruber R, Bouma BE, Tearney GJ. Validation of two-dimensional and three-dimensional measurements of subpleural alveolar size parameters by optical coherence tomography. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2012; 17:126015. [PMID: 23235834 PMCID: PMC3519489 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.17.12.126015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been increasingly used for imaging pulmonary alveoli. Only a few studies, however, have quantified individual alveolar areas, and the validity of alveolar volumes represented within OCT images has not been shown. To validate quantitative measurements of alveoli from OCT images, we compared the cross-sectional area, perimeter, volume, and surface area of matched subpleural alveoli from microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) and OCT images of fixed air-filled swine samples. The relative change in size between different alveoli was extremely well correlated (r>0.9, P<0.0001), but OCT images underestimated absolute sizes compared to micro-CT by 27% (area), 7% (perimeter), 46% (volume), and 25% (surface area) on average. We hypothesized that the differences resulted from refraction at the tissue-air interfaces and developed a ray-tracing model that approximates the reconstructed alveolar size within OCT images. Using this model and OCT measurements of the refractive index for lung tissue (1.41 for fresh, 1.53 for fixed), we derived equations to obtain absolute size measurements of superellipse and circular alveoli with the use of predictive correction factors. These methods and results should enable the quantification of alveolar sizes from OCT images in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin I Unglert
- Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, 40 Parkman Street, RSL 160, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
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13
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Gaertner M, Cimalla P, Meissner S, Kuebler WM, Koch E. Three-dimensional simultaneous optical coherence tomography and confocal fluorescence microscopy for investigation of lung tissue. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2012; 17:071310. [PMID: 22894471 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.17.7.071310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Although several strategies exist for a minimal-invasive treatment of patients with lung failure, the mortality rate of acute respiratory distress syndrome still reaches 30% at minimum. This striking number indicates the necessity of understanding lung dynamics on an alveolar level. To investigate the dynamical behavior on a microscale, we used three-dimensional geometrical and functional imaging to observe tissue parameters including alveolar size and length of embedded elastic fibers during ventilation. We established a combined optical coherence tomography (OCT) and confocal fluorescence microscopy system that is able to monitor the distension of alveolar tissue and elastin fibers simultaneously within three dimensions. The OCT system can laterally resolve a 4.9 μm line pair feature and has an approximately 11 μm full-width-half-maximum axial resolution in air. confocal fluorescence microscopy visualizes molecular properties of the tissue with a resolution of 0.75 μm (laterally), and 5.9 μm (axially) via fluorescence detection of the dye sulforhodamine B specifically binding to elastin. For system evaluation, we used a mouse model in situ to perform lung distension by application of different constant pressure values within the physiological regime. Our method enables the investigation of alveolar dynamics by helping to reveal basic processes emerging during artificial ventilation and breathing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gaertner
- Dresden University of Technology, Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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14
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Unglert CI, Namati E, Warger WC, Liu L, Yoo H, Kang D, Bouma BE, Tearney GJ. Evaluation of optical reflectance techniques for imaging of alveolar structure. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2012; 17:071303. [PMID: 22894464 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.17.7.071303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3-D) visualization of the fine structures within the lung parenchyma could advance our understanding of alveolar physiology and pathophysiology. Current knowledge has been primarily based on histology, but it is a destructive two-dimensional (2-D) technique that is limited by tissue processing artifacts. Micro-CT provides high-resolution three-dimensional (3-D) imaging within a limited sample size, but is not applicable to intact lungs from larger animals or humans. Optical reflectance techniques offer the promise to visualize alveolar regions of the large animal or human lung with sub-cellular resolution in three dimensions. Here, we present the capabilities of three optical reflectance techniques, namely optical frequency domain imaging, spectrally encoded confocal microscopy, and full field optical coherence microscopy, to visualize both gross architecture as well as cellular detail in fixed, phosphate buffered saline-immersed rat lung tissue. Images from all techniques were correlated to each other and then to corresponding histology. Spatial and temporal resolution, imaging depth, and suitability for in vivo probe development were compared to highlight the merits and limitations of each technology for studying respiratory physiology at the alveolar level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin I Unglert
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, 40 Parkman Street, RSL 160, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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15
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Golabchi A, Faust J, Golabchi FN, Brooks DH, Gouldstone A, DiMarzio CA. Refractive errors and corrections for OCT images in an inflated lung phantom. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 3:1101-9. [PMID: 22567599 PMCID: PMC3342185 DOI: 10.1364/boe.3.001101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Visualization and correct assessment of alveolar volume via intact lung imaging is important to study and assess respiratory mechanics. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), a real-time imaging technique based on near-infrared interferometry, can image several layers of distal alveoli in intact, ex vivo lung tissue. However optical effects associated with heterogeneity of lung tissue, including the refraction caused by air-tissue interfaces along alveoli and duct walls, and changes in speed of light as it travels through the tissue, result in inaccurate measurement of alveolar volume. Experimentally such errors have been difficult to analyze because of lack of 'ground truth,' as the lung has a unique microstructure of liquid-coated thin walls surrounding relatively large airspaces, which is difficult to model with cellular foams. In addition, both lung and foams contain airspaces of highly irregular shape, further complicating quantitative measurement of optical artifacts and correction. To address this we have adapted the Bragg-Nye bubble raft, a crystalline two-dimensional arrangement of elements similar in geometry to alveoli (up to several hundred μm in diameter with thin walls) as an inflated lung phantom in order to understand, analyze and correct these errors. By applying exact optical ray tracing on OCT images of the bubble raft, the errors are predicted and corrected. The results are validated by imaging the bubble raft with OCT from one edge and with a charged coupled device (CCD) camera in transillumination from top, providing ground truth for the OCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Golabchi
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115,
USA
| | - J. Faust
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115,
USA
| | - F. N. Golabchi
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115,
USA
| | - D. H. Brooks
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115,
USA
| | - A. Gouldstone
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115,
USA
| | - C. A. DiMarzio
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115,
USA
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115,
USA
- Bernard M. Gordon Center for Subsurface Sensing and Imaging Systems(CenSSIS), Boston, MA 02115,
USA
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16
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Optical coherence tomography in biomedical research. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 400:2721-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5052-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Revised: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 04/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Meissner S, Tabuchi A, Mertens M, Kuebler WM, Koch E. Virtual four-dimensional imaging of lung parenchyma by optical coherence tomography in mice. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2010; 15:036016. [PMID: 20615018 DOI: 10.1117/1.3425654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In this feasibility study, we present a method for virtual 4-D imaging of healthy and injured subpleural lung tissue in the ventilated mouse. We use triggered swept source optical coherence tomography (OCT) with an A-scan frequency of 20 kHz to image murine subpleural alveoli during the inspiratory phase. The data acquisition is gated to the ventilation pressure to take single B-scans in each respiration cycle for different pressure levels. The acquired B-scans are combined off-line into one volume scan for each pressure level. The air fraction in healthy lungs and injured lungs is measured using 2-D OCT en-face images. Upon lung inspiration from 2 to 12 cm H(2)O ventilation pressure, the air fraction increases in healthy lungs by up to 11% and in injured lungs by 8%. This expansion correlates well with results of previous studies, reporting increased alveolar area with increased ventilation pressures. We demonstrate that OCT is a useful tool to investigate alveolar dynamics in spatial dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Meissner
- University of Technology Dresden, Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Medical Faculty, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
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Meissner S, Knels L, Schnabel C, Koch T, Koch E. Three-dimensional Fourier domain optical coherence tomography in vivo imaging of alveolar tissue in the intact thorax using the parietal pleura as a window. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2010; 15:016030. [PMID: 20210474 DOI: 10.1117/1.3302809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In vivo determination of 3-D and dynamic geometries of alveolar structures with adequate resolution is essential for developing numerical models of the lung. A thorax window is prepared in anesthetized rabbits by removal of muscle tissue between the third and fourth rib without harming the parietal pleura. The transparent parietal pleura allows contact-free imaging by intravital microscopy (IVM) and 3-D optical coherence tomography (3-D OCT). We demonstrate that dislocation of the lung surface is small enough to observe identical regions in the expiratory and inspiratory plateau phase, and that OCT in this animal model is suitable for generating 3-D geometry of in vivo lung parenchyma. To our knowledge, we present a novel thorax window preparation technique for 3-D imaging of alveolar dynamics for the first time. The 3-D datasets of the fine structure of the lung beneath the pleura could provide a basis for the development of 3-D numerical models of the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Meissner
- University of Technology Dresden, Medical Faculty, Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Dresden, Germany.
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Bildgebung und Bildverarbeitung. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2010. [DOI: 10.1515/bmt.2010.701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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