Bandeliuk O, Assaf A, Bittel M, Durand MJ, Thouand G. Development and Automation of a Bacterial Biosensor to the Targeting of the Pollutants Toxic Effects by Portable Raman Spectrometer.
SENSORS 2022;
22:s22124352. [PMID:
35746134 PMCID:
PMC9228378 DOI:
10.3390/s22124352]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Water quality monitoring requires a rapid and sensitive method that can detect multiple hazardous pollutants at trace levels. This study aims to develop a new generation of biosensors using a low-cost fiber-optic Raman device. An automatic measurement system was thus conceived, built and successfully tested with toxic substances of three different types: antibiotics, heavy metals and herbicides. Raman spectroscopy provides a multiparametric view of metabolic responses of biological organisms to these toxic agents through their spectral fingerprints. Spectral analysis identified the most susceptible macromolecules in an E. coli model strain, providing a way to determine specific toxic effects in microorganisms. The automation of Raman analysis reduces the number of spectra required per sample and the measurement time: for four samples, time was cut from 3 h to 35 min by using a multi-well sample holder without intervention from an operator. The correct classifications were, respectively, 99%, 82% and 93% for the different concentrations of norfloxacin, while the results were 85%, 93% and 81% for copper and 92%, 90% and 96% for 3,5-dichlorophenol at the three tested concentrations. The work initiated here advances the technology needed to use Raman spectroscopy coupled with bioassays so that together, they can advance field toxicological testing.
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