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Pacheco A, Matias J, Grygoryev K, Hansson M, Bergsten S, Andersson-Engels S. Laser absorption spectroscopy measurements of different pulmonary oxygen gas concentrations in transmittance and remittance geometry: phantom study. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2023; 28:115003. [PMID: 38078155 PMCID: PMC10704083 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.28.11.115003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Significance The gas in scattering media absorption spectroscopy (GASMAS) technique has the potential for continuous, clinical monitoring of preterm infant lung function, removing the need for X-ray diagnosis and reliance on indirect and relatively slow measurement of blood oxygenation. Aim We aim to determine the optimal source-detector configuration for reliable pathlength calculation and to estimate the oxygen gas concentration inside the lung cavities filled with humidified gas with four different oxygen gas concentrations ranging between 21% and 100%. Approach Anthropomorphic optical phantoms of neonatal thorax with two different geometries were used to acquire GASMAS signals, for 30 source-detector configurations in transmittance and remittance geometry of phantoms in two sizes. Results The results show that an internal light administration is more likely to provide a high GASMAS signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In general, better SNRs were obtained with the smaller set of phantoms. The values of pathlength and O 2 concentrations calculated with signals from the phantoms with optical properties at 820 nm exhibit higher variations than signals from the phantoms with optical properties at 764 nm. Conclusion Our study shows that, by moving the source and detector over the thorax, most of the lung volumes can potentially be assessed using the GASMAS technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pacheco
- Tyndall National Institute, Biophotonics@Tyndall, IPIC, Cork, Ireland
- University College Cork, Department of Physics, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jean Matias
- Tyndall National Institute, Biophotonics@Tyndall, IPIC, Cork, Ireland
- University College Cork, Department of Physics, Cork, Ireland
| | | | | | | | - Stefan Andersson-Engels
- Tyndall National Institute, Biophotonics@Tyndall, IPIC, Cork, Ireland
- University College Cork, Department of Physics, Cork, Ireland
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Pacheco A, Jayet B, Svanberg EK, Dehghani H, Dempsey E, Andersson-Engels S. Numerical investigation of the influence of the source and detector position for optical measurement of lung volume and oxygen content in preterm infants. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2022; 15:e202200041. [PMID: 35340113 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for improved respiratory surveillance of preterm infants. Gas in scattering media absorption spectroscopy (GASMAS) is emerging as a potential clinical cutaneous monitoring tool of lung functions in neonates. A challenge in the clinical translation of GASMAS is to obtain sufficiently high signal-to-noise ratios in the measurements, since the light attenuation is high in human tissue. Previous GASMAS studies on piglets have shown higher signal quality with an internal source, as more light propagates through the lung and the loss due to scattering and absorption is less. In this article we simulated light propagation with an intratracheal and a dermal source, and investigated the signal quality and lung volume probed. The results suggest that GASMAS has the potential to measure respiratory volumes; and the sensitivity is higher for an intratracheal source which also enables to probe most of the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pacheco
- Biophotonics@Tyndall, IPIC, Tyndall National Institute, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Physics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Baptiste Jayet
- Biophotonics@Tyndall, IPIC, Tyndall National Institute, Cork, Ireland
| | - Emilie Krite Svanberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatric Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hamid Dehghani
- School of Computer Science, the University of Birmingham, Birmingham
| | - Eugene Dempsey
- INFANT Centre, Cork University Maternity Hospital, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Stefan Andersson-Engels
- Biophotonics@Tyndall, IPIC, Tyndall National Institute, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Physics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Panaviene J, Pacheco A, Schwarz CE, Grygoryev K, Andersson-Engels S, Dempsey EM. Gas in scattering media absorption spectroscopy as a potential tool in neonatal respiratory care. Pediatr Res 2022; 92:1240-1246. [PMID: 35606473 PMCID: PMC9700509 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02110-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gas in scattering media absorption spectroscopy (GASMAS) is a novel optical technology employing near-infrared light. It has a potential use in the medical setting as a monitoring and diagnostic tool by detecting molecular oxygen within gas pockets and thus may be a useful adjunct in respiratory monitoring. GASMAS has potential advantages over other monitoring devices currently used in clinical practice. It is a non-invasive, continuous, non-ionising technology and provides unique information about molecular oxygen content inside the lungs. GASMAS may have a future role in optimising respiratory management of neonates in different clinical scenarios such as monitoring cardiorespiratory transition in the delivery room, assessing surfactant deficiency, and optimising endotracheal tube positioning. This article aims to summarise current evidence exploring GASMAS application in a neonate, discuss possible clinical benefits, and compare with other devices that are currently used in neonatal care. IMPACT: This article presents a novel optical technique to measure lung oxygen concentrations that may have important clinical uses. This review summarises the current literature investigating the concept of optical lung oxygen measurement. Information from this review can guide researchers in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurate Panaviene
- INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland. .,Department of Neonatology, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland. .,Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Andrea Pacheco
- grid.7872.a0000000123318773Biophotonics@Tyndall, Irish Photonic Integration Centre, Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork Lee Maltings, Dyke Parade, Cork, Ireland ,grid.7872.a0000000123318773Department of Physics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Christoph E. Schwarz
- grid.7872.a0000000123318773INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland ,grid.7872.a0000000123318773Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland ,grid.488549.cDepartment of Neonatology, University Children’s Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Konstantin Grygoryev
- grid.7872.a0000000123318773Biophotonics@Tyndall, Irish Photonic Integration Centre, Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork Lee Maltings, Dyke Parade, Cork, Ireland
| | - Stefan Andersson-Engels
- grid.7872.a0000000123318773Biophotonics@Tyndall, Irish Photonic Integration Centre, Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork Lee Maltings, Dyke Parade, Cork, Ireland ,grid.7872.a0000000123318773Department of Physics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Eugene M. Dempsey
- grid.7872.a0000000123318773INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland ,grid.411916.a0000 0004 0617 6269Department of Neonatology, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland ,grid.7872.a0000000123318773Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Pacheco A, Grygoryev K, Messina W, Andersson-Engels S. Lung tissue phantom mimicking pulmonary optical properties, relative humidity, and temperature: a tool to analyze the changes in oxygen gas absorption for different inflated volumes. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2021; 27:JBO-210214SSR. [PMID: 34725995 PMCID: PMC8558837 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.27.7.074707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Gas in scattering media absorption spectroscopy (GASMAS) enables noninvasive gas sensing in the body. It is developing as a tool for diagnosis and monitoring of respiratory conditions in neonates. Phantom models with relevant features to the clinical translation of GASMAS technology are necessary to understand technical challenges and potential applications of this technique. State-of-the-art phantoms designed for this purpose have focused on the optical properties and anthropomorphic geometry of the thorax, contributing to the source-detector placement, design, and optimization. Lung phantom mimicking the alveolar anatomy has not been included in the existent models due to the inherent complexity of the tissue. We present a simplified model that recreates inflated alveoli embedded in lung phantom. AIM The goal of this study was to build a lung model with air-filled structures mimicking inflated alveoli surrounded by optical phantom with accurate optical properties (μa = 0.50 cm - 1 and μs'=5.4 cm-1) and physiological parameters [37°C and 100% relative humidity (RH)], and to control the air volume within the phantom to demonstrate the feasibility of GASMAS in sensing changes in pulmonary air volume. APPROACH The lung model was built using a capillary structure with analogous size to alveolar units. Part of the capillaries were filled with liquid lung optical phantom to recreate scattering and absorption, whereas empty capillaries mimicked air filled alveoli. The capillary array was placed inside a custom-made chamber that maintained pulmonary temperature and RH. The geometry of the chamber permitted the placement of the laser head and detector of a GASMAS bench top system (MicroLab Dual O2 / H2O), to test the changes in volume of the lung model in transmittance geometry. RESULTS The lung tissue model with air volume range from 6.89 × 10 - 7 m3 to 1.80 × 10 - 3 m3 was built. Two measurement sets, with 10 different capillary configurations each, were arranged to increase or decrease progressively (in steps of 3.93 × 10 - 8 m3) the air volume in the lung model. The respective GASMAS data acquisition was performed for both data sets. The maximum absorption signal was obtained for configurations with the highest number of air-filled capillaries and decreased progressively when the air spaces were replaced by capillaries filled with liquid optical phantom. Further studies are necessary to define the minimum and maximum volume of air that can be measured with GASMAS-based devices for different source-detector geometries. CONCLUSIONS The optical properties and the structure of tissue from the respiratory zone have been modeled using a simplified capillary array immersed in a controlled environment chamber at pulmonary temperature and RH. The feasibility of measuring volume changes with GASMAS technique has been proven, stating a new possible application of GASMAS technology in respiratory treatment and diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pacheco
- Biophotonics@Tyndall, IPIC, Tyndall National Institute, Lee Maltings, Dyke Parade, Cork, Ireland
- University College Cork, Department of Physics, Cork, Ireland
| | - Konstantin Grygoryev
- Biophotonics@Tyndall, IPIC, Tyndall National Institute, Lee Maltings, Dyke Parade, Cork, Ireland
| | - Walter Messina
- Biophotonics@Tyndall, IPIC, Tyndall National Institute, Lee Maltings, Dyke Parade, Cork, Ireland
| | - Stefan Andersson-Engels
- Biophotonics@Tyndall, IPIC, Tyndall National Institute, Lee Maltings, Dyke Parade, Cork, Ireland
- University College Cork, Department of Physics, Cork, Ireland
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Lin Y, Lundin P, Krite Svanberg E, Svanberg K, Svanberg S, Sahlberg A. Gas in scattering media absorption spectroscopy on small and large scales: Toward the extension of lung spectroscopic monitoring to adults. TRANSLATIONAL BIOPHOTONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/tbio.202100003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yueyu Lin
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics South China Normal University Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Center for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics South China Normal University Guangzhou China
- Department of Physics Lund University Lund Sweden
| | | | - Emilie Krite Svanberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine Skåne University Hospital, Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Katarina Svanberg
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics South China Normal University Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Center for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics South China Normal University Guangzhou China
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Pathology Skåne University Hospital, Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Sune Svanberg
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics South China Normal University Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Center for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics South China Normal University Guangzhou China
- Department of Physics Lund University Lund Sweden
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Svanberg EK, Larsson J, Rasmussen M, Larsson M, Leander D, Bergsten S, Bood J, Greisen G, Fellman V. Changes in pulmonary oxygen content are detectable with laser absorption spectroscopy: proof of concept in newborn piglets. Pediatr Res 2021; 89:823-829. [PMID: 32534453 PMCID: PMC7322222 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-0971-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using an optical method based on tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy, we previously assessed oxygen (O2) and water vapor (H2O) content in a tissue phantom of the preterm infant lung. Here we applied this method on newborn piglets with induced lung complications. METHODS Five mechanically ventilated piglets were subjected to stepwise increased and decreased fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2), to atelectasis using a balloon catheter in the right bronchus, and to pneumothorax by injecting air in the pleural cavity. Two diode lasers (764 nm for O2 gas absorption and 820 nm for H2O absorption) were combined in a probe delivering light either externally, on the skin, or internally, through the esophagus. The detector probe was placed dermally. RESULTS Calculated O2 concentrations increased from 20% (IQR 17-23%) when ventilated with room air to 97% (88-108%) at FiO2 1.0. H2O was only detectable with the internal light source. Specific light absorption and transmission patterns were identified in response to atelectasis and pneumothorax, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The optical method detected FiO2 variations and discriminated the two induced lung pathologies, providing a rationale for further development into a minimally invasive device for real-time monitoring gas changes in the lungs of sick newborn infants. IMPACT Optical spectroscopy can detect pulmonary complications in an animal model. Oxygen concentrations can be evaluated in the lungs. Presents a novel minimally invasive method to detect lung oxygenation and complications. Potential to be developed into a lung monitoring method in newborn infants. Potential for bed-side detection of pulmonary complications in newborn infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Krite Svanberg
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden ,grid.411843.b0000 0004 0623 9987Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine and Skåne University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jim Larsson
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin Rasmussen
- grid.475435.4Department of Neonatology, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marcus Larsson
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden ,grid.411843.b0000 0004 0623 9987Pediatrics and Skåne University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Sara Bergsten
- GPX Medical AB, Maskinvägen 1, SE-227 30 Lund, Sweden
| | - Joakim Bood
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Gorm Greisen
- grid.475435.4Department of Neonatology, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vineta Fellman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. .,Pediatrics and Skåne University Hospital, SE-221 85, Lund, Sweden. .,University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Children's Hospital, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
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Pacheco A, Li H, Chakravarty M, Sekar SKV, Andersson-Engels S. Anthropomorphic optical phantom of the neonatal thorax: a key tool for pulmonary studies in preterm infants. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2020; 25:JBO-200122RR. [PMID: 33205636 PMCID: PMC7670093 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.25.11.115001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Gas in scattering media absorption spectroscopy (GASMAS) is a technique for gas sensing in cavities surrounded by scattering materials. GASMAS could be translated to the clinic to monitor lung function continuously and noninvasively in neonates. Accurate tissue phantoms are essential to assess the strengths and limitations of gas spectroscopy in gas-containing cavities in the human body. AIM The aim is to develop a detailed protocol to produce a long-lasting, multistructure tissue phantom of the thorax of a neonate. The phantom mimics the geometry and the optical properties of the main organs of the thorax and has an empty pulmonary cavity that facilitates GASMAS monitoring of gas content. APPROACH The anatomic geometry of heart, lungs, bones, muscle, fat, and skin was obtained from a neonatal computed tomography scan. Once segmented, organs were 3D printed and used to create negative rubber molds. The entire thorax was built in phantom material (silicone as matrix, black ink as absorber, and silica microspheres as scatters) by placing all phantom organs inside the muscle structure. Our phantom recipe was customized by mixing specific ratios of ink and spheres to match the optical properties of the different organs that were consider to be homogeneous. RESULTS An anthropomorphic thorax phantom with the desired optical properties (μa and μs') at 760 nm was built and used to obtain "transdermal" GASMAS measurements of oxygen content within the lung cavity. CONCLUSION A protocol to build a robust optical phantom of the thorax of a neonate was used to conduct benchtop studies. This recipe can be implemented to reproduce the geometry and optical properties of any human or animal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pacheco
- Tyndall National Institute, Biophotonics@Tyndall, Irish Photonic Integration Centre, Lee Maltings, Dyke Parade, Cork, Ireland
- University College Cork, Department of Physics, College Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Haiyang Li
- Tyndall National Institute, Biophotonics@Tyndall, Irish Photonic Integration Centre, Lee Maltings, Dyke Parade, Cork, Ireland
| | - Monisha Chakravarty
- Tyndall National Institute, Biophotonics@Tyndall, Irish Photonic Integration Centre, Lee Maltings, Dyke Parade, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Stefan Andersson-Engels
- Tyndall National Institute, Biophotonics@Tyndall, Irish Photonic Integration Centre, Lee Maltings, Dyke Parade, Cork, Ireland
- University College Cork, Department of Physics, College Road, Cork, Ireland
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Hu L, Li W, Lin H, Li Y, Zhang H, Svanberg K, Svanberg S. Towards an optical diagnostic system for otitis media using a combination of otoscopy and spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2019; 12:e201800305. [PMID: 30719866 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201800305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
An improved method, where conventional otoscope investigation of human suspicious otitis media is combined with diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and gas in scattering media absorption spectroscopy (GASMAS) is being developed. Otitis media is one of the most common infectious diseases in children, whose Eustachian tube connecting the middle ear with the nasal cavity is more horizontal than for adults, which leads to impaired fluid drainage. At present, the use of an otoscope to visually observe possible changes in the tympanic membrane appearance is the main diagnostics method for otitis media. Inaccurate diagnosis related to similar symptoms, and the difficulty for small children to describe the condition experienced, frequently leads to over-prescription of antibiotics and alarming increase in bacterial resistance development. More accurate diagnostic methods are highly desirable. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy is a non-invasive quantitative spectroscopic technique that enables to objectively quantify changes in the hemoglobin content of the tympanic membrane related to inflammation. If an infection is present, the ventilatory function of the Eustachian tube is frequently impaired and the middle-ear cavity will be filled with fluid. GASMAS, a non-invasive detection method, can non-invasively determine if gas is replaced by fluid in the middle-ear cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingna Hu
- Center of Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wansha Li
- Center of Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiying Lin
- Center of Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Li
- Center of Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Center of Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Katarina Svanberg
- Center of Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Lund Laser Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sune Svanberg
- Center of Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Lund Laser Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Liao P, Larsson J, Krite Svanberg E, Lundin P, Swartling J, Lewander Xu M, Bood J, Andersson-Engels S. Computer simulation analysis of source-detector position for percutaneously measured O 2 -gas signal in a three-dimensional preterm infant lung. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2018; 11:e201800023. [PMID: 29978572 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201800023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Further improvements in the clinical care of our most vulnerable patients-preterm infants-are needed. Novel diagnostic and surveillance tools facilitate such advances. The GASMAS technique has shown potential to become a tool to, noninvasively, monitor gas in the lungs of preterm infants, by placing a laser source and a detector on the chest wall skin. It is believed that this technology will become a valuable clinical diagnostic tool for monitoring the lung function of these patients. Today, the technology is, for this application, in an early stage and further investigations are needed. In the present study, a three-dimensional computer model of the thorax of an infant is constructed, from a set of CT images. Light transport simulations are performed to provide information about the position dependence of the laser- and detector probe on the thorax of the infant. The result of the simulations, based on the study method and the specified model used in this work, indicates that measurement geometries in front and on the side of the lung are favorable in order to obtain a good gas absorption signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peilang Liao
- Department of Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- GPX Medical AB, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Laser Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jim Larsson
- Lund Laser Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Division of Combustion Physics, Department of Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Emilie Krite Svanberg
- Lund Laser Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Patrik Lundin
- Department of Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- GPX Medical AB, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Laser Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | - Joakim Bood
- Lund Laser Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Division of Combustion Physics, Department of Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Stefan Andersson-Engels
- Department of Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Laser Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- IPIC, Tyndall National Institute, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Physics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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10
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Larsson J, Liao P, Lundin P, Krite Svanberg E, Swartling J, Lewander Xu M, Bood J, Andersson-Engels S. Development of a 3-dimensional tissue lung phantom of a preterm infant for optical measurements of oxygen-Laser-detector position considerations. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2018; 11:e201700097. [PMID: 28816029 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201700097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
There is a need to further improve the clinical care of our most vulnerable patients-preterm infants. Novel diagnostic and treatment tools facilitate such advances. Here, we evaluate a potential percutaneous optical monitoring tool to assess the oxygen and water vapor content in the lungs of preterm babies. The aim is to prepare for further clinical studies by gaining a detailed understanding of how the measured light intensity and gas absorption signal behave for different possible geometries of light delivery and receiver. Such an experimental evaluation is conducted for the first time utilizing a specially developed 3-dimensional-printed optical phantom based on a geometry model obtained from computer tomography images of the thorax (chest) of a 1700-g premature infant. The measurements yield reliable signals for source-detector distances up to about 50 mm, with stronger gas absorption signals at long separations and positions related to the lower part of the lung, consistent with a larger relative volume of this. The limitations of this study include the omission of scattering tissue within the lungs and that similar optical properties are used for the wavelengths employed for the 2 gases, yielding no indication on the optimal wavelength pair to use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Larsson
- Division of Combustion Physics, Department of Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Peilang Liao
- Department of Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- GASPOROX AB (publ), Lund, Sweden
| | - Patrik Lundin
- Department of Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- GASPOROX AB (publ), Lund, Sweden
| | - Emilie Krite Svanberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Laser Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | - Joakim Bood
- Division of Combustion Physics, Department of Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Stefan Andersson-Engels
- Department of Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- IPIC, Tyndall National Institute, Lee Maltings, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Physics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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11
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Svanberg EK, Lundin P, Larsson M, Åkeson J, Svanberg K, Svanberg S, Andersson-Engels S, Fellman V. Diode laser spectroscopy for noninvasive monitoring of oxygen in the lungs of newborn infants. Pediatr Res 2016; 79:621-8. [PMID: 26679152 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2015.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Newborn infants may have pulmonary disorders with abnormal gas distribution, e.g., respiratory distress syndrome. Pulmonary radiography is the clinical routine for diagnosis. Our aim was to investigate a novel noninvasive optical technique for rapid nonradiographic bedside detection of oxygen gas in the lungs of full-term newborn infants. METHODS Laser spectroscopy was used to measure contents of oxygen gas (at 760 nm) and of water vapor (at 937 nm) in the lungs of 29 healthy newborn full-term infants (birth weight 2,900-3,900 g). The skin above the lungs was illuminated using two low-power diode lasers and diffusely emerging light was detected with a photodiode. RESULTS Of the total 390 lung measurements performed, clear detection of oxygen gas was recorded in 60%, defined by a signal-to-noise ratio of >3. In all the 29 infants, oxygen was detected. Probe and detector positions for optimal pulmonary gas detection were determined. There were no differences in signal quality with respect to gender, body side or body weight. CONCLUSION The ability to measure pulmonary oxygen content in healthy full-term neonates with this technique suggests that with further development, the method might be implemented in clinical practice for lung monitoring in neonatal intensive care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Krite Svanberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Patrik Lundin
- Department of Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Marcus Larsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jonas Åkeson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Katarina Svanberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Center for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sune Svanberg
- Department of Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Center for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Vineta Fellman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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