1
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Gonzalez EA, Bell MAL. Photoacoustic Imaging and Characterization of Bone in Medicine: Overview, Applications, and Outlook. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2023; 25:207-232. [PMID: 37000966 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-081622-025405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic techniques have shown promise in identifying molecular changes in bone tissue and visualizing tissue microstructure. This capability represents significant advantages over gold standards (i.e., dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) for bone evaluation without requiring ionizing radiation. Instead, photoacoustic imaging uses light to penetrate through bone, followed by acoustic pressure generation, resulting in highly sensitive optical absorption contrast in deep biological tissues. This review covers multiple bone-related photoacoustic imaging contributions to clinical applications, spanning bone cancer, joint pathologies, spinal disorders, osteoporosis, bone-related surgical guidance, consolidation monitoring, and transsphenoidal and transcranial imaging. We also present a summary of photoacoustic-based techniques for characterizing biomechanical properties of bone, including temperature, guided waves, spectral parameters, and spectroscopy. We conclude with a future outlook based on the current state of technological developments, recent achievements, and possible new directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo A Gonzalez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Muyinatu A Lediju Bell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA;
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2
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Gu Y, Sun Y, Wang X, Li H, Qiu J, Lu W. Application of photoacoustic computed tomography in biomedical imaging: A literature review. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10419. [PMID: 36925681 PMCID: PMC10013779 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT) is a hybrid imaging modality that combines optical excitation and acoustic detection techniques. It obtains high-resolution deep-tissue images based on the deep penetration of light, the anisotropy of light absorption in objects, and the photoacoustic effect. Hence, PACT shows great potential in biomedical sample imaging. Recently, due to its advantages of high sensitivity to optical absorption and wide scalability of spatial resolution with the desired imaging depth, PACT has received increasing attention in preclinical and clinical practice. To date, there has been a proliferation of PACT systems designed for specific biomedical imaging applications, from small animals to human organs, from ex vivo to in vivo real-time imaging, and from simple structural imaging to functional and molecular imaging with external contrast agents. Therefore, it is of great importance to summarize the previous applications of PACT systems in biomedical imaging and clinical practice. In this review, we searched for studies related to PACT imaging of biomedical tissues and samples over the past two decades; divided the studies into two categories, PACT imaging of preclinical animals and PACT imaging of human organs and body parts; and discussed the significance of the studies. Finally, we pointed out the future directions of PACT in biomedical applications. With the development of exogenous contrast agents and advances of imaging technique, in the future, PACT will enable biomedical imaging from organs to whole bodies, from superficial vasculature to internal organs, from anatomy to functions, and will play an increasingly important role in biomedical research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Gu
- Department of Radiology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University Taian China.,Department of Radiology Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences Taian China
| | - Yuanyuan Sun
- Department of Radiology Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences Taian China
| | - Xiao Wang
- College of Ocean Science and Engineering Shandong University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
| | - Hongyu Li
- College of Ocean Science and Engineering Shandong University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
| | - Jianfeng Qiu
- Department of Radiology Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences Taian China
| | - Weizhao Lu
- Department of Radiology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University Taian China.,Department of Radiology Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences Taian China
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3
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Van Heumen S, Riksen JJ, Singh MKA, Van Soest G, Vasilic D. LED-based photoacoustic imaging for preoperative visualization of lymphatic vessels in patients with secondary limb lymphedema. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2023; 29:100446. [PMID: 36632606 PMCID: PMC9826814 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2022.100446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Lymphedema is the accumulation of protein-rich fluid in the interstitium (i.e., dermal backflow (DBF)). Preoperative imaging of the lymphatic vessels is a prerequisite for lymphovenous bypass surgical planning. We investigated the visualization of lymphatic vessels and veins using light-emitting diode (LED)-based photoacoustic imaging (PAI). Indocyanine-green mediated near-infrared fluorescence lymphography (NIRF-L) was done in fifteen patients with secondary limb lymphedema. Photoacoustic images were acquired in locations where lymphatic vessels and DBF were observed with NIRF-L. We demonstrated that LED-based PAI can visualize and differentiate lymphatic vessels and veins even in the presence of DBF. We observed lymphatic and blood vessels up to depths of 8.3 and 8.6 mm, respectively. Superficial lymphatic vessels and veins can be visualized using LED-based PAI even in the presence of DBF showing the potential for pre-operative assessment. Further development of the technique is needed to improve its usability in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Van Heumen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jonas J.M. Riksen
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Gijs Van Soest
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dalibor Vasilic
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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4
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Jin G, Zhu H, Jiang D, Li J, Su L, Li J, Gao F, Cai X. A Signal Domain Object Segmentation Method for Ultrasound and Photoacoustic Computed Tomography. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2022; PP:253-265. [PMID: 37015663 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2022.3232174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Image segmentation is important in improving the diagnostic capability of ultrasound computed tomography (USCT) and photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT), as it can be included in the image reconstruction process to improve image quality and quantification abilities. Segmenting the imaged object out of the background using image domain methods is easily complicated by low contrast, noise, and artifacts in the reconstructed image. Here, we introduce a new signal domain object segmentation method for USCT and PACT which does not require image reconstruction beforehand and is automatic, robust, computationally efficient, accurate, and straightforward. We first establish the relationship between the time-of-flight of the received first arrival waves and the object's boundary which is described by ellipse equations. Then, we show that the ellipses are tangent to the boundary. By looking for tangent points on the common tangent of neighboring ellipses, the boundary can be approximated with high fidelity. Imaging experiments of human fingers and mice cross-sections showed that our method provided equivalent or better segmentations than the optimal ones by active contours. In summary, our method greatly reduces the overall complexity of object segmentation and shows great potential in eliminating user dependency without sacrificing segmentation accuracy. The method can be further seamlessly incorporated into algorithms for other processing purposes in USCT and PACT, such as high-quality image reconstruction.
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5
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Wilkinson S, Cummings J, Zafar S, Kozar M, Manning J, Dinsdale G, Berks M, Taylor C, Dickinson M, Herrick AL, Murray AK. Photoacoustic imaging is a novel tool to measure finger artery structure and oxygenation in patients with SSc. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20446. [PMID: 36443311 PMCID: PMC9705533 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23826-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc)-related digital ischaemia is a major cause of morbidity, resulting from a combination of microvascular and digital artery disease. Photoacoustic imaging offers a newly available, non-invasive method of imaging digital artery structure and oxygenation. The aim of this study was to establish whether photoacoustic imaging could detect and measure vasculopathy in digital arteries, including the level of oxygenation, in patients with SSc and healthy controls. 22 patients with SSc and 32 healthy controls (HC) underwent photoacoustic imaging of the fingers. Vascular volume and oxygenation were assessed across eight fingers at the middle phalanx. In addition, oxygenation change during finger occlusion was measured at the non-dominant ring finger and the vascular network was imaged along the length of one finger for qualitative assessment. There was no statistically significant difference in vascular volume between patients with SSc and HC (mean of eight fingers; SSc, median 118.6 IQR [95.0-130.5] vs. HC 115.6 [97.8-158.9]) mm3. However, baseline oxygenation (mean 8 fingers) was lower in SSc vs. HC (0.373 [0.361-0.381] vs. 0.381 [0.373-0.385] arbitrary sO2 units respectively; p = 0.03). Hyperaemic oxygenation response following occlusion release was significantly lower in SSc compared to HC (0.379 [0.376-0.381] vs. 0.382 [0.377-0.385]; p = 0.03). Whilst vascular volume was similar between groups, digital artery oxygenation was decreased in patients with SSc as compared to HC, indicative of functional deficit. Photoacoustic imaging offers an exciting new method to image the vascular network in patients with SSc and the possibility to capture oxygenation as a functional measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Wilkinson
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Rheumatology, Salford Care Organisation, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford, UK
| | - James Cummings
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sakif Zafar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Martin Kozar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Joanne Manning
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Rheumatology, Salford Care Organisation, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford, UK
| | - Graham Dinsdale
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Rheumatology, Salford Care Organisation, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford, UK
| | - Michael Berks
- Centre for Imaging Sciences, Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Christopher Taylor
- Centre for Imaging Sciences, Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Mark Dickinson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ariane L Herrick
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Rheumatology, Salford Care Organisation, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford, UK
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Andrea K Murray
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Department of Rheumatology, Salford Care Organisation, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford, UK.
- Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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6
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Photoacoustic Imaging in Biomedicine and Life Sciences. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12040588. [PMID: 35455079 PMCID: PMC9028050 DOI: 10.3390/life12040588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Photo-acoustic imaging, also known as opto-acoustic imaging, has become a widely popular modality for biomedical applications. This hybrid technique possesses the advantages of high optical contrast and high ultrasonic resolution. Due to the distinct optical absorption properties of tissue compartments and main chromophores, photo-acoustics is able to non-invasively observe structural and functional variations within biological tissues including oxygenation and deoxygenation, blood vessels and spatial melanin distribution. The detection of acoustic waves produced by a pulsed laser source yields a high scaling range, from organ level photo-acoustic tomography to sub-cellular or even molecular imaging. This review discusses significant novel technical solutions utilising photo-acoustics and their applications in the fields of biomedicine and life sciences.
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7
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Ikematsu H, Ishihara M, Okawa S, Minamide T, Mitsui T, Kuwata T, Ito M, Kinoshita T, Fujita T, Yano T, Omori T, Ozawa S, Murakoshi D, Irisawa K, Ochiai A. Photoacoustic imaging of fresh human surgically and endoscopically resected gastrointestinal specimens. DEN OPEN 2022; 2:e28. [PMID: 35310764 PMCID: PMC8828192 DOI: 10.1002/deo2.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Objective Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is a novel noninvasive technique that offers high‐contrast tomographic imaging with ultrasound‐like resolution at depths of centimeters, enabling visualization of deep small vessels. The aim of this pilot study was to survey the characteristics of deep vessel networks in the mucosa of neoplastic gastrointestinal (GI) lesions using PA imaging. Methods Specimens of patients who had undergone surgical and endoscopic resection for GI lesions were included in this study. The PA/ultrasound imaging system for clinical research is characterized by a technology that can superimpose a PA image over an ultrasound image. Three‐dimensional PA images were acquired for the resected specimen before fixation. The stomach and colon of live pigs were incised, and the walls were scanned from the mucosa. Results A total of 32 specimens (nine esophageal, 12 gastric, 11 colorectal) were scanned. The pathological diagnoses were adenomas (n = 2), intramucosal cancers (n = 14), and invasive cancers (n = 16). The deep vessel networks of all lesions could be visualized. In the intramucosal lesions, the deep vessel network was similar to that of a normal tissue. In invasive cancers, the thick and prominent vessel network was visible in the surface layer of esophageal cancers, infiltrated area of gastric cancers, and surface layer and infiltrated area of colorectal cancers. In the images of living pigs, visualizing the vascular network deeper than the submucosa in both the stomach and large intestine was possible. Conclusion Our study confirmed that the deep vessel networks of neoplastic GI lesions were visible by PA imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Ikematsu
- Division of Science and Technology for Endoscopy Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center National Cancer Center Chiba Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy National Cancer Center Hospital East Chiba Japan
| | - Miya Ishihara
- Department of Medical Engineering National Defense Medical College Saitama Japan
| | - Shinpei Okawa
- Department of Medical Engineering National Defense Medical College Saitama Japan
| | - Tatsunori Minamide
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy National Cancer Center Hospital East Chiba Japan
| | - Tomohiro Mitsui
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy National Cancer Center Hospital East Chiba Japan
| | - Takeshi Kuwata
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories National Cancer Center Hospital East Chiba Japan
| | - Masaaki Ito
- Department of Colorectal Surgery National Cancer Center Hospital East Chiba Japan
| | - Takahiro Kinoshita
- Department of Gastric Surgery National Cancer Center Hospital East Chiba Japan
| | - Takeo Fujita
- Department of Esophageal Surgery National Cancer Center Hospital East Chiba Japan
| | - Tomonori Yano
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy National Cancer Center Hospital East Chiba Japan
| | - Toshihiko Omori
- Medical Systems Research & Development Center Research & Development Management Headquarters FUJIFILM Corporation Kanagawa Japan
| | - Satoshi Ozawa
- Medical Systems Research & Development Center Research & Development Management Headquarters FUJIFILM Corporation Kanagawa Japan
| | - Dai Murakoshi
- Medical Systems Research & Development Center Research & Development Management Headquarters FUJIFILM Corporation Kanagawa Japan
| | - Kaku Irisawa
- Medical Systems Research & Development Center Research & Development Management Headquarters FUJIFILM Corporation Kanagawa Japan
| | - Atsushi Ochiai
- Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center National Cancer Center Chiba Japan
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8
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Practical review on photoacoustic computed tomography using curved ultrasound array transducer. Biomed Eng Lett 2021; 12:19-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s13534-021-00214-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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9
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Manwar R, Kratkiewicz K, Avanaki K. Overview of Ultrasound Detection Technologies for Photoacoustic Imaging. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E692. [PMID: 32708869 PMCID: PMC7407969 DOI: 10.3390/mi11070692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasound detection is one of the major components of photoacoustic imaging systems. Advancement in ultrasound transducer technology has a significant impact on the translation of photoacoustic imaging to the clinic. Here, we present an overview on various ultrasound transducer technologies including conventional piezoelectric and micromachined transducers, as well as optical ultrasound detection technology. We explain the core components of each technology, their working principle, and describe their manufacturing process. We then quantitatively compare their performance when they are used in the receive mode of a photoacoustic imaging system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayyan Manwar
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
| | - Karl Kratkiewicz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
| | - Kamran Avanaki
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
- Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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Towards Clinical Translation of LED-Based Photoacoustic Imaging: A Review. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20092484. [PMID: 32349414 PMCID: PMC7249023 DOI: 10.3390/s20092484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging, with the capability to provide simultaneous structural, functional, and molecular information, is one of the fastest growing biomedical imaging modalities of recent times. As a hybrid modality, it not only provides greater penetration depth than the purely optical imaging techniques, but also provides optical contrast of molecular components in the living tissue. Conventionally, photoacoustic imaging systems utilize bulky and expensive class IV lasers, which is one of the key factors hindering the clinical translation of this promising modality. Use of LEDs which are portable and affordable offers a unique opportunity to accelerate the clinical translation of photoacoustics. In this paper, we first review the development history of LED as an illumination source in biomedical photoacoustic imaging. Key developments in this area, from point-source measurements to development of high-power LED arrays, are briefly discussed. Finally, we thoroughly review multiple phantom, ex-vivo, animal in-vivo, human in-vivo, and clinical pilot studies and demonstrate the unprecedented preclinical and clinical potential of LED-based photoacoustic imaging.
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11
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Joseph Francis K, Boink YE, Dantuma M, Ajith Singh MK, Manohar S, Steenbergen W. Tomographic imaging with an ultrasound and LED-based photoacoustic system. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:2152-2165. [PMID: 32341873 PMCID: PMC7173893 DOI: 10.1364/boe.384548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Pulsed lasers in photoacoustic tomography systems are expensive, which limit their use to a few clinics and small animal labs. We present a method to realize tomographic ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging using a commercial LED-based photoacoustic and ultrasound system. We present two illumination configurations using LED array units and an optimal number of angular views for tomographic reconstruction. The proposed method can be a cost-effective solution for applications demanding tomographic imaging and can be easily integrated into conventional linear array-based ultrasound systems. We present a potential application for finger joint imaging in vivo, which can be used for point-of-care rheumatoid arthritis diagnosis and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalloor Joseph Francis
- Biomedical Photonic Imaging Group, Technical Medical Center, University of Twente, The Netherlands
- Multi-Modality Medical Imaging Group, Technical Medical Center, University of Twente, The Netherlands
| | - Yoeri E. Boink
- Multi-Modality Medical Imaging Group, Technical Medical Center, University of Twente, The Netherlands
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Twente, The Netherlands
| | - Maura Dantuma
- Biomedical Photonic Imaging Group, Technical Medical Center, University of Twente, The Netherlands
- Multi-Modality Medical Imaging Group, Technical Medical Center, University of Twente, The Netherlands
| | - Mithun Kuniyil Ajith Singh
- Research and Business Development Division, CYBERDYNE INC, Cambridge Innovation Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Srirang Manohar
- Multi-Modality Medical Imaging Group, Technical Medical Center, University of Twente, The Netherlands
| | - Wiendelt Steenbergen
- Biomedical Photonic Imaging Group, Technical Medical Center, University of Twente, The Netherlands
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12
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Agrawal S, Fadden C, Dangi A, Yang X, Albahrani H, Frings N, Heidari Zadi S, Kothapalli SR. Light-Emitting-Diode-Based Multispectral Photoacoustic Computed Tomography System. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19224861. [PMID: 31717260 PMCID: PMC6891584 DOI: 10.3390/s19224861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT) has been widely explored for non-ionizing functional and molecular imaging of humans and small animals. In order for light to penetrate deep inside tissue, a bulky and high-cost tunable laser is typically used. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have recently emerged as cost-effective and portable alternative illumination sources for photoacoustic imaging. In this study, we have developed a portable, low-cost, five-dimensional (x, y, z, t, λ ) PACT system using multi-wavelength LED excitation to enable similar functional and molecular imaging capabilities as standard tunable lasers. Four LED arrays and a linear ultrasound transducer detector array are housed in a hollow cylindrical geometry that rotates 360 degrees to allow multiple projections through the subject of interest placed inside the cylinder. The structural, functional, and molecular imaging capabilities of the LED-PACT system are validated using various tissue-mimicking phantom studies. The axial, lateral, and elevational resolutions of the system at 2.3 cm depth are estimated as 0.12 mm, 0.3 mm, and 2.1 mm, respectively. Spectrally unmixed photoacoustic contrasts from tubes filled with oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin, indocyanine green, methylene blue, and melanin molecules demonstrate the multispectral molecular imaging capabilities of the system. Human-finger-mimicking phantoms made of a bone and blood tubes show structural and functional oxygen saturation imaging capabilities. Together, these results demonstrate the potential of the proposed LED-based, low-cost, portable PACT system for pre-clinical and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Agrawal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA; (S.A.); (A.D.); (X.Y.); (H.A.); (N.F.); (S.H.Z.)
| | - Christopher Fadden
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA;
| | - Ajay Dangi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA; (S.A.); (A.D.); (X.Y.); (H.A.); (N.F.); (S.H.Z.)
| | - Xinyi Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA; (S.A.); (A.D.); (X.Y.); (H.A.); (N.F.); (S.H.Z.)
| | - Hussain Albahrani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA; (S.A.); (A.D.); (X.Y.); (H.A.); (N.F.); (S.H.Z.)
| | - Neilesh Frings
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA; (S.A.); (A.D.); (X.Y.); (H.A.); (N.F.); (S.H.Z.)
| | - Sara Heidari Zadi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA; (S.A.); (A.D.); (X.Y.); (H.A.); (N.F.); (S.H.Z.)
| | - Sri-Rajasekhar Kothapalli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA; (S.A.); (A.D.); (X.Y.); (H.A.); (N.F.); (S.H.Z.)
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Graduate Program in Acoustics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Correspondence:
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Nishiyama M, Namita T, Kondo K, Yamakawa M, Shiina T. Ring-array photoacoustic tomography for imaging human finger vasculature. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2019; 24:1-12. [PMID: 31535539 PMCID: PMC6997662 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.9.096005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
For early diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), it is important to visualize its potential marker, vascularization in the synovial membrane of the finger joints. Photoacoustic (PA) imaging, which can image blood vessels at high contrast and resolution, is expected to be a potential modality for earlier diagnosis of RA. In previous studies of PA finger imaging, different acoustic schemes, such as linear-shaped arrays, have been utilized, but these have limited detection views, rendering inaccurate reconstruction, and most of them require rotational detection. We are developing a PA system for finger vascular imaging using a ring-shaped array ultrasound (US) transducer. By designing the ring-array sensor based on simulations, using phantom experiments, it was demonstrated that we have created a system that can image small objects around 0.1 to 0.5 mm in diameter. The full width at half maximum of the slice direction of the system was within 2 mm and corresponded to that of the simulation. Moreover, we could clearly visualize healthy index finger vasculature and the location of the distal interphalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints by PA and US echo images. In the future, this system could be used as a method for visualizing the three-dimensional vascularization of RA patients’ fingers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misaki Nishiyama
- Kyoto University, Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Human Health Sciences, Kyoto, Japan
- Address all correspondence to Misaki Nishiyama, E-mail:
| | - Takeshi Namita
- Kyoto University, Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Human Health Sciences, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kengo Kondo
- Kyoto University, Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Human Health Sciences, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Makoto Yamakawa
- Kyoto University, Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Human Health Sciences, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Shiina
- Kyoto University, Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Human Health Sciences, Kyoto, Japan
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14
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Guo H, Wang Q, Qi W, Sun X, Ke B, Xi L. Assessing the development and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis using multiparametric photoacoustic and ultrasound imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2019; 12:e201900127. [PMID: 31251449 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201900127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), characterized by polyarthritis, is a chronic, systemic and inflammatory autoimmune disease. In this study, we developed a dual-modality multiparametric photoacoustic and ultrasound imaging technique, and successfully derived multiple parameters such as relative concentration of total hemoglobin (CHbT ), ratio of angiogenesis, joint size and area of synovia to assess the development and treatment of RA. We established a model of adjuvant arthritis using a total number of 15 rats and randomly divided them into three groups: (a) targeted group in which the rats received targeted antirheumatic drugs; (b) nontargeted group in which the rats were treated with nontargeted antirheumatic drugs; (c) control group. We longitudinally monitored the joints of the rats in all three groups for up to 20 days and carried out quantitative analysis to evaluate the development and treatment of RA based on the derived parameters. The results suggest that the proposed dual-modality imaging technique is able to assess the effectiveness of the RA treatment using quantitative hemodynamic and morphological parameters. To show the clinical feasibility of this technique, we performed in vivo joint studies of health volunteers to visualize both structures and inside hemodynamics of the distal interphalangeal joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Guo
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weizhi Qi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bowen Ke
- Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Xi
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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15
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Fournelle M, Bost W. Wave front analysis for enhanced time-domain beamforming of point-like targets in optoacoustic imaging using a linear array. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2019; 14:67-76. [PMID: 31194149 PMCID: PMC6551558 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Using linear array transducers in combination with state-of-the-art multichannel electronics allows to perform optoacoustic imaging with frame rates only limited by the laser pulse repetition frequency and the acoustic time of flight. However, characteristic image artefacts resulting from the limited view and a lower SNR when compared to systems based on single-element focused transducers represent a burden for the clinical acceptance of the technology. In this paper, we present a new method for the improvement of image quality based on the analysis of the signal amplitudes along summation curves during the delay-and-sum beamforming process (DAS). The algorithm compares amplitude distributions along wave fronts with theoretical patterns from optoacoustic point sources. The method was validated on simulated and experimental phantom as well as in-vivo data. An improvement of the lateral resolution by more than a factor of two when comparing conventional DAS and our approach could be shown (numeric and experimental phantom data). For instance, on experimental data from a wire phantom, a PSF in the range of 0.18-0.22 mm was obtained with our approach against 0.48 mm for standard DAS. Furthermore, the SNR of a subcutaneous vessel 2.5 mm below the skin surface was improved by about 30 dB when compared to standard DAS.
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16
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Jo J, Tian C, Xu G, Sarazin J, Schiopu E, Gandikota G, Wang X. Photoacoustic tomography for human musculoskeletal imaging and inflammatory arthritis detection. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2018; 12:82-89. [PMID: 30596016 PMCID: PMC6306364 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
With the capability of assessing high resolution optical contrast in soft tissues, photoacoustic imaging (PAI) can offer valuable structural and functional information of human joints, and hold potential for diagnosis and treatment monitoring of inflammatory arthritis. Recent studies have demonstrated that PAI can map 2D and 3D morphology of the cartilage, synovium, vascularity, and bone tissue in human peripheral joints. Initial trials with patients affected by inflammatory arthritis have also suggested that PAI can detect the hemodynamic properties in articular tissues as well as their changes due to active inflammation. This review focuses on the recent progress in technical development of PAI for human musculoskeletal imaging and inflammation detection. PAI can provide non-invasive and non-ionizing serial measurements for monitoring of therapeutic interventions with the potential for higher sensitivity than existing imaging modalities such as ultrasound. However, further investigation is needed to validate the value of PAI in rheumatology clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janggun Jo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Chao Tian
- College of Engineering Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Guan Xu
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Jeffrey Sarazin
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Elena Schiopu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Girish Gandikota
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
- Corresponding author.
| | - Xueding Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
- Corresponding author at: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
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17
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Eisenbrey JR, Stanczak M, Forsberg F, Mendoza-Ballesteros FA, Lyshchik A. Photoacoustic Oxygenation Quantification in Patients with Raynaud's: First-in-Human Results. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2018; 44:2081-2088. [PMID: 30207278 PMCID: PMC8994565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of photoacoustic imaging for quantifying fingertip oxygenation as an approach to diagnosing and monitoring Raynaud's phenomenon. After 30 min of acclimation to room temperature, 22 patients (7 patients with secondary Raynaud's associated to Scleroderma and 15 healthy controls) provided informed consent to undergo fingertip Doppler imaging and high-frequency photoacoustic imaging before and 5, 15 and 30 min after cold stimulus (submerged hand in a 15 °C water bath for 1 min). High-frequency ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging was performed on the nail bed of each patient's second through fifth finger on their dominant hand, using a Vevo 2100 LAZR system with an LZ-250 probe (Fujifilm VisualSonics, Toronto, ON, Canada) in oxy-hemoglobin quantification mode. During each exam, volumetric data across a 3-mm span of data was acquired to produce a volumetric image of percent oxygenation and hemoglobin concentration. Changes in fingertip oxygenation between Raynaud's patients and healthy volunteers were compared, using receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis. Photoacoustic signal was detected in both the nail bed and nailfold in all study participants. Doppler ultrasound resulted in poor differentiation of Raynaud's patients from healthy volunteers, with an area under the ROC curve (Az) of 0.51. Photoacoustic imaging demonstrated improved accuracy at baseline (Az = 0.72), which improved when quantifying normalized changes after cold stimulus (Az = 0.89 5-min post stimulus, Az = 0.91 15-min post stimulus, and Az = 0.85 after stimulus). Oxygenation levels derived using photoacoustic imaging are able to identify patients with Raynaud's and safely evaluate their response to a cold stimulus over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Eisenbrey
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Maria Stanczak
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Flemming Forsberg
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fabian A Mendoza-Ballesteros
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Scleroderma Center and Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Andrej Lyshchik
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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18
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Huang N, He M, Shi H, Zhao Y, Lu M, Zou X, Yao L, Jiang H, Xi L. Curved-Array-Based Multispectral Photoacoustic Imaging of Human Finger Joints. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2018; 65:1452-1459. [DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2017.2758905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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19
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Zhu Y, Xu G, Yuan J, Jo J, Gandikota G, Demirci H, Agano T, Sato N, Shigeta Y, Wang X. Light Emitting Diodes based Photoacoustic Imaging and Potential Clinical Applications. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9885. [PMID: 29959412 PMCID: PMC6026116 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28131-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Using low cost and small size light emitting diodes (LED) as the alternative illumination source for photoacoustic (PA) imaging has many advantages, and can largely benefit the clinical translation of the emerging PA imaging technology. Here, we present our development of LED-based PA imaging integrated with B-mode ultrasound. To overcome the challenge of achieving sufficient signal-to-noise ratio by the LED light that is orders of magnitude weaker than lasers, extensive signal averaging over hundreds of pulses is performed. Facilitated by the fast response of the LED and the high-speed driving as well as the high pulse repetition rate up to 16 kHz, B-mode PA images superimposed on gray-scale ultrasound of a biological sample can be achieved in real-time with frame rate up to 500 Hz. The LED-based PA imaging could be a promising tool for several clinical applications, such as assessment of peripheral microvascular function and dynamic changes, diagnosis of inflammatory arthritis, and detection of head and neck cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhao Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA.,Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 21000, China
| | - Guan Xu
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Jie Yuan
- Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 21000, China.
| | - Janggun Jo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Girish Gandikota
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Hakan Demirci
- Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | | | - Naoto Sato
- PreXion Corporation, Tokyo, 1010041, Japan
| | | | - Xueding Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA.
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20
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Xia W, Kuniyil Ajith Singh M, Maneas E, Sato N, Shigeta Y, Agano T, Ourselin S, J West S, E Desjardins A. Handheld Real-Time LED-Based Photoacoustic and Ultrasound Imaging System for Accurate Visualization of Clinical Metal Needles and Superficial Vasculature to Guide Minimally Invasive Procedures. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 18:E1394. [PMID: 29724014 PMCID: PMC5982119 DOI: 10.3390/s18051394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound imaging is widely used to guide minimally invasive procedures, but the visualization of the invasive medical device and the procedure’s target is often challenging. Photoacoustic imaging has shown great promise for guiding minimally invasive procedures, but clinical translation of this technology has often been limited by bulky and expensive excitation sources. In this work, we demonstrate the feasibility of guiding minimally invasive procedures using a dual-mode photoacoustic and ultrasound imaging system with excitation from compact arrays of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) at 850 nm. Three validation experiments were performed. First, clinical metal needles inserted into biological tissue were imaged. Second, the imaging depth of the system was characterized using a blood-vessel-mimicking phantom. Third, the superficial vasculature in human volunteers was imaged. It was found that photoacoustic imaging enabled needle visualization with signal-to-noise ratios that were 1.2 to 2.2 times higher than those obtained with ultrasound imaging, over insertion angles of 26 to 51 degrees. With the blood vessel mimicking phantom, the maximum imaging depth was 38 mm. The superficial vasculature of a human middle finger and a human wrist were clearly visualized in real-time. We conclude that the LED-based system is promising for guiding minimally invasive procedures with peripheral tissue targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Xia
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, Charles Bell House, 67-73 Riding House Street, London W1W 7EJ, UK.
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Mithun Kuniyil Ajith Singh
- Research and Business Development Division, PreXion Corporation, Stationsplein 45 A4.004, 3013AK Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Efthymios Maneas
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, Charles Bell House, 67-73 Riding House Street, London W1W 7EJ, UK.
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Naoto Sato
- Research and Development Division, 1-14-1, Kandasudacho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0041, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Shigeta
- Research and Development Division, 1-14-1, Kandasudacho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0041, Japan.
| | - Toshitaka Agano
- Research and Development Division, 1-14-1, Kandasudacho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0041, Japan.
| | - Sebastian Ourselin
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, Charles Bell House, 67-73 Riding House Street, London W1W 7EJ, UK.
- Centre for Medical Imaging Computing, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Simeon J West
- Department of Anaesthesia, University College Hospital, Main Theatres, Maple Bridge Link Corridor, Podium 3, 235 Euston Road, London NW1 2BU, UK.
| | - Adrien E Desjardins
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, Charles Bell House, 67-73 Riding House Street, London W1W 7EJ, UK.
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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21
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Boink YE, Lagerwerf MJ, Steenbergen W, van Gils SA, Manohar S, Brune C. A framework for directional and higher-order reconstruction in photoacoustic tomography. Phys Med Biol 2018; 63:045018. [PMID: 29364136 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aaaa4a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Photoacoustic tomography is a hybrid imaging technique that combines high optical tissue contrast with high ultrasound resolution. Direct reconstruction methods such as filtered back-projection, time reversal and least squares suffer from curved line artefacts and blurring, especially in the case of limited angles or strong noise. In recent years, there has been great interest in regularised iterative methods. These methods employ prior knowledge of the image to provide higher quality reconstructions. However, easy comparisons between regularisers and their properties are limited, since many tomography implementations heavily rely on the specific regulariser chosen. To overcome this bottleneck, we present a modular reconstruction framework for photoacoustic tomography, which enables easy comparisons between regularisers with different properties, e.g. nonlinear, higher-order or directional. We solve the underlying minimisation problem with an efficient first-order primal-dual algorithm. Convergence rates are optimised by choosing an operator-dependent preconditioning strategy. A variety of reconstruction methods are tested on challenging 2D synthetic and experimental data sets. They outperform direct reconstruction approaches for strong noise levels and limited angle measurements, offering immediate benefits in terms of acquisition time and quality. This work provides a basic platform for the investigation of future advanced regularisation methods in photoacoustic tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoeri E Boink
- Biomedical Photonic Imaging Group, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands
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22
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van den Berg PJ, Daoudi K, Bernelot Moens HJ, Steenbergen W. Feasibility of photoacoustic/ultrasound imaging of synovitis in finger joints using a point-of-care system. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2017; 8:8-14. [PMID: 28913168 PMCID: PMC5587869 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We evaluate a portable ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging (PAI) system for the feasibility of a point-of-care assessment of clinically evident synovitis. Inflamed and non-inflamed proximal interphalangeal joints of 10 patients were examined and compared with joints from 7 healthy volunteers. PAI scans, ultrasound power Doppler (US-PD), and clinical examination were performed. We quantified the amount of photoacoustic (PA) signal using a region of interest (ROI) drawn over the hypertrophic joint space. PAI response was increased 4 to 10 fold when comparing inflamed with contralateral non-inflamed joints and with joints from healthy volunteers (p < 0.001 for both). US-PD and PAI were strongly correlated (Spearman's ρ = 0.64, with 95% CI: 0.42, 0.79). Hence, PAI using a compact handheld probe is capable of detecting clinically evident synovitis. This motivates further investigation into the predictive value of PAI, including multispectral PAI, with other established modalities such as US-PD or MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pim J. van den Berg
- Biomedical Photonic Imaging, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Khalid Daoudi
- Medical Ultrasound Imaging Center, department of Radiology, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hein J. Bernelot Moens
- Ziekenhuisgroep Twente, Department of Rheumatology, Postbus 546, 7550 AM Hengelo, The Netherlands
| | - Wiendelt Steenbergen
- Biomedical Photonic Imaging, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
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23
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Jo J, Xu G, Cao M, Marquardt A, Francis S, Gandikota G, Wang X. A Functional Study of Human Inflammatory Arthritis Using Photoacoustic Imaging. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15026. [PMID: 29101339 PMCID: PMC5670248 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15147-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
By using our dual-modality system enabling simultaneous real-time ultrasound (US) and photoacoustic (PA) imaging of human peripheral joints, we explored the potential contribution of PA imaging modality to rheumatology clinic. By performing PA imaging at a single laser wavelength, the spatially distributed hemoglobin content reflecting the hyperemia in synovial tissue in metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints of 16 patients were imaged, and compared to the results from 16 healthy controls. In addition, by performing PA imaging at two laser wavelengths, the spatially distributed hemoglobin oxygenation reflecting the hypoxia in inflammatory joints of 10 patients were imaged, and compared to the results from 10 healthy controls. The statistical analyses of the PA imaging results demonstrated significant differences (p < 0.001) in quantified hemoglobin content and oxygenation between the unequivocally arthritic joints and the normal joints. Increased hyperemia and increased hypoxia, two important physiological biomarkers of synovitis reflecting the increased metabolic demand and the relatively inadequate oxygen delivery in affected synovium, can both be objectively and non-invasively evaluated by PA imaging. The proposed dual-modality system has the potential of providing additional diagnostic information over the traditional US imaging approaches and introducing novel imaging biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment evaluation of inflammatory arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janggun Jo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Guan Xu
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Meng Cao
- Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - April Marquardt
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Sheeja Francis
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Girish Gandikota
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA.
| | - Xueding Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA. .,Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA.
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24
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Oeri M, Bost W, Sénégond N, Tretbar S, Fournelle M. Hybrid Photoacoustic/Ultrasound Tomograph for Real-Time Finger Imaging. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2017; 43:2200-2212. [PMID: 28669429 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We report a target-enclosing, hybrid tomograph with a total of 768 elements based on capacitive micromachined ultrasound transducer technology and providing fast, high-resolution 2-D/3-D photoacoustic and ultrasound tomography tailored to finger imaging. A freely programmable ultrasound beamforming platform sampling data at 80 MHz was developed to realize plane wave transmission under multiple angles. A multiplexing unit enables the connection and control of a large number of elements. Fast image reconstruction is provided by GPU processing. The tomograph is composed of four independent and fully automated movable arc-shaped transducers, allowing imaging of all three finger joints. The system benefits from photoacoustics, yielding high optical contrast and enabling visualization of finger vascularization, and ultrasound provides morphologic information on joints and surrounding tissue. A diode-pumped, Q-switched Nd:YAG laser and an optical parametric oscillator are used to broaden the spectrum of emitted wavelengths to provide multispectral imaging. Custom-made optical fiber bundles enable illumination of the region of interest in the plane of acoustic detection. Precision in positioning of the probe in motion is ensured by use of a motor-driven guide slide. The current position of the probe is encoded by the stage and used to relate ultrasound and photoacoustic signals to the corresponding region of interest of the suspicious finger joint. The system is characterized in phantoms and a healthy human finger in vivo. The results obtained promise to provide new opportunities in finger diagnostics and establish photoacoustic/ultrasound-tomography in medical routine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Oeri
- Ultrasound Division, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT), St. Ingbert, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Bost
- Ultrasound Division, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT), St. Ingbert, Germany
| | | | - Steffen Tretbar
- Ultrasound Division, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT), St. Ingbert, Germany
| | - Marc Fournelle
- Ultrasound Division, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT), St. Ingbert, Germany.
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25
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Zheng PP, Li J, Kros JM. Breakthroughs in modern cancer therapy and elusive cardiotoxicity: Critical research-practice gaps, challenges, and insights. Med Res Rev 2017; 38:325-376. [PMID: 28862319 PMCID: PMC5763363 DOI: 10.1002/med.21463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
To date, five cancer treatment modalities have been defined. The three traditional modalities of cancer treatment are surgery, radiotherapy, and conventional chemotherapy, and the two modern modalities include molecularly targeted therapy (the fourth modality) and immunotherapy (the fifth modality). The cardiotoxicity associated with conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy is well known. Similar adverse cardiac events are resurging with the fourth modality. Aside from the conventional and newer targeted agents, even the most newly developed, immune‐based therapeutic modalities of anticancer treatment (the fifth modality), e.g., immune checkpoint inhibitors and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell therapy, have unfortunately led to potentially lethal cardiotoxicity in patients. Cardiac complications represent unresolved and potentially life‐threatening conditions in cancer survivors, while effective clinical management remains quite challenging. As a consequence, morbidity and mortality related to cardiac complications now threaten to offset some favorable benefits of modern cancer treatments in cancer‐related survival, regardless of the oncologic prognosis. This review focuses on identifying critical research‐practice gaps, addressing real‐world challenges and pinpointing real‐time insights in general terms under the context of clinical cardiotoxicity induced by the fourth and fifth modalities of cancer treatment. The information ranges from basic science to clinical management in the field of cardio‐oncology and crosses the interface between oncology and onco‐pharmacology. The complexity of the ongoing clinical problem is addressed at different levels. A better understanding of these research‐practice gaps may advance research initiatives on the development of mechanism‐based diagnoses and treatments for the effective clinical management of cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Pin Zheng
- Cardio-Oncology Research Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Johan M Kros
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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26
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Vogt WC, Jia C, Wear KA, Garra BS, Pfefer TJ. Phantom-based image quality test methods for photoacoustic imaging systems. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:1-14. [PMID: 28901055 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.9.095002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
As photoacoustic imaging (PAI) technologies advance and applications arise, there is increasing need for standardized approaches to provide objective, quantitative performance assessment at various stages of the product development and clinical translation process. We have developed a set of performance test methods for PAI systems based on breast-mimicking tissue phantoms containing embedded inclusions. Performance standards for mature imaging modalities [magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and ultrasound] were used to guide selection of critical PAI image quality characteristics and experimental methods. Specifically, the tests were designed to address axial, lateral, and elevational spatial resolution, signal uniformity, penetration depth, sensitivity, spatial measurement accuracy, and PAI-ultrasound coregistration. As an initial demonstration of the utility of these test methods, we characterized the performance of a modular, bimodal PAI-ultrasound system using four clinical ultrasound transducers with varying design specifications. Results helped to inform optimization of acquisition and data processing procedures while providing quantitative elucidation of transducer-dependent differences in image quality. Comparison of solid, tissue-mimicking polymer phantoms with those based on Intralipid indicated the superiority of the former approach in simulating real-world conditions for PAI. This work provides a critical foundation for the establishment of well-validated test methods that will facilitate the maturation of PAI as a medical imaging technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C Vogt
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, 10903 New Hampshire A, United States
| | - Congxian Jia
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, 10903 New Hampshire A, United States
| | - Keith A Wear
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, 10903 New Hampshire A, United States
| | - Brian S Garra
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, 10903 New Hampshire A, United States
| | - T Joshua Pfefer
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, 10903 New Hampshire A, United States
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Deán-Ben XL, Gottschalk S, Mc Larney B, Shoham S, Razansky D. Advanced optoacoustic methods for multiscale imaging of in vivo dynamics. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:2158-2198. [PMID: 28276544 PMCID: PMC5460636 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00765a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Visualization of dynamic functional and molecular events in an unperturbed in vivo environment is essential for understanding the complex biology of living organisms and of disease state and progression. To this end, optoacoustic (photoacoustic) sensing and imaging have demonstrated the exclusive capacity to maintain excellent optical contrast and high resolution in deep-tissue observations, far beyond the penetration limits of modern microscopy. Yet, the time domain is paramount for the observation and study of complex biological interactions that may be invisible in single snapshots of living systems. This review focuses on the recent advances in optoacoustic imaging assisted by smart molecular labeling and dynamic contrast enhancement approaches that enable new types of multiscale dynamic observations not attainable with other bio-imaging modalities. A wealth of investigated new research topics and clinical applications is further discussed, including imaging of large-scale brain activity patterns, volumetric visualization of moving organs and contrast agent kinetics, molecular imaging using targeted and genetically expressed labels, as well as three-dimensional handheld diagnostics of human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- X L Deán-Ben
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Center Munich, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - S Gottschalk
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Center Munich, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - B Mc Larney
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Center Munich, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany. and Faculty of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - S Shoham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - D Razansky
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Center Munich, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany. and Faculty of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
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Singh MKA, Jaeger M, Frenz M, Steenbergen W. Photoacoustic reflection artifact reduction using photoacoustic-guided focused ultrasound: comparison between plane-wave and element-by-element synthetic backpropagation approach. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:2245-2260. [PMID: 28736669 PMCID: PMC5516831 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.002245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Reflection artifacts caused by acoustic inhomogeneities constitute a major problem in epi-mode biomedical photoacoustic imaging. Photoacoustic transients from the skin and superficial optical absorbers traverse into the tissue and reflect off echogenic structures to generate reflection artifacts. These artifacts cause difficulties in the interpretation of images and reduce contrast and imaging depth. We recently developed a method called PAFUSion (photoacoustic-guided focused ultrasound) to circumvent the problem of reflection artifacts in photoacoustic imaging. We already demonstrated that the photoacoustic signals can be backpropagated using synthetic aperture pulse-echo data for identifying and reducing reflection artifacts in vivo. In this work, we propose an alternative variant of PAFUSion in which synthetic backpropagation of photoacoustic signals is based on multi-angled plane-wave ultrasound measurements. We implemented plane-wave and synthetic aperture PAFUSion in a handheld ultrasound/photoacoustic imaging system and demonstrate reduction of reflection artifacts in phantoms and in vivo measurements on a human finger using both approaches. Our results suggest that, while both approaches are equivalent in terms of artifact reduction efficiency, plane-wave PAFUSion requires less pulse echo acquisitions when the skin absorption is the main cause of reflection artifacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithun Kuniyil Ajith Singh
- Biomedical Photonic Imaging Group, MIRA institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Jaeger
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Frenz
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Wiendelt Steenbergen
- Biomedical Photonic Imaging Group, MIRA institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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29
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Bhatt M, Acharya A, Yalavarthy PK. Computationally efficient error estimate for evaluation of regularization in photoacoustic tomography. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:106002. [PMID: 27762422 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.10.106002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The model-based image reconstruction techniques for photoacoustic (PA) tomography require an explicit regularization. An error estimate (?2) minimization-based approach was proposed and developed for the determination of a regularization parameter for PA imaging. The regularization was used within Lanczos bidiagonalization framework, which provides the advantage of dimensionality reduction for a large system of equations. It was shown that the proposed method is computationally faster than the state-of-the-art techniques and provides similar performance in terms of quantitative accuracy in reconstructed images. It was also shown that the error estimate (?2) can also be utilized in determining a suitable regularization parameter for other popular techniques such as Tikhonov, exponential, and nonsmooth (?1 and total variation norm based) regularization methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Bhatt
- Indian Institute of Science, Medical Imaging Group, Department of Computational and Data Sciences, C V Raman Avenue, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Atithi Acharya
- Indian Institute of Science, Medical Imaging Group, Department of Computational and Data Sciences, C V Raman Avenue, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Phaneendra K Yalavarthy
- Indian Institute of Science, Medical Imaging Group, Department of Computational and Data Sciences, C V Raman Avenue, Bengaluru 560012, India
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Dual-Modality Imaging of the Human Finger Joint Systems by Using Combined Multispectral Photoacoustic Computed Tomography and Ultrasound Computed Tomography. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:1453272. [PMID: 27774453 PMCID: PMC5059711 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1453272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We developed a homemade dual-modality imaging system that combines multispectral photoacoustic computed tomography and ultrasound computed tomography for reconstructing the structural and functional information of human finger joint systems. The fused multispectral photoacoustic-ultrasound computed tomography (MPAUCT) system was examined by the phantom and in vivo experimental tests. The imaging results indicate that the hard tissues such as the bones and the soft tissues including the blood vessels, the tendon, the skins, and the subcutaneous tissues in the finger joints systems can be effectively recovered by using our multimodality MPAUCT system. The developed MPAUCT system is able to provide us with more comprehensive information of the human finger joints, which shows its potential for characterization and diagnosis of bone or joint diseases.
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31
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Venugopal M, van Es P, Manohar S, Roy D, Vasu RM. Quantitative photoacoustic tomography by stochastic search: direct recovery of the optical absorption field. OPTICS LETTERS 2016; 41:4202-5. [PMID: 27628357 DOI: 10.1364/ol.41.004202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We present, perhaps for the first time, a stochastic search algorithm in quantitative photoacoustic tomography (QPAT) for a one-step recovery of the optical absorption map from time-resolved photoacoustic signals. Such a direct recovery is free of the numerical inaccuracies inherent in conventional two-step approaches that depend on an accurate estimation of the absorbed energy distribution. The absorption profile parameterized as a vector stochastic process is additively updated over time recursions so as to drive the measurement-prediction misfit to a zero-mean white noise. The derivative-free additive update is a welcome departure from the conventional gradient-based methods requiring evaluation of Jacobians at every recursion. The quantitative accuracy of the recovered absorption map from both numerical and experimental data is good with an overall error of less than 10%.
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32
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Zabihian B, Chen Z, Rank E, Sinz C, Bonesi M, Sattmann H, Ensher J, Minneman MP, Hoover E, Weingast J, Ginner L, Leitgeb R, Kittler H, Zhang E, Beard P, Drexler W, Liu M. Comprehensive vascular imaging using optical coherence tomography-based angiography and photoacoustic tomography. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:96011. [PMID: 27653999 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.9.096011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Studies have proven the relationship between cutaneous vasculature abnormalities and dermatological disorders, but to image vasculature noninvasively <italic<in vivo</italic<, advanced optical imaging techniques are required. In this study, we imaged a palm of a healthy volunteer and three subjects with cutaneous abnormalities with photoacoustic tomography (PAT) and optical coherence tomography with angiography extension (OCTA). Capillaries in the papillary dermis that are too small to be discerned with PAT are visualized with OCTA. From our results, we speculate that the PA signal from the palm is mostly from hemoglobin in capillaries rather than melanin, knowing that melanin concentration in volar skin is significantly smaller than that in other areas of the skin. We present for the first time OCTA images of capillaries along with the PAT images of the deeper vessels, demonstrating the complementary effective imaging depth range and the visualization capabilities of PAT and OCTA for imaging human skin <italic<in vivo</italic<. The proposed imaging system in this study could significantly improve treatment monitoring of dermatological diseases associated with cutaneous vasculature abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrooz Zabihian
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, AKH 4L, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Zhe Chen
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, AKH 4L, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Elisabet Rank
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, AKH 4L, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Christoph Sinz
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Dermatology, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Marco Bonesi
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, AKH 4L, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Harald Sattmann
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, AKH 4L, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Jason Ensher
- Insight Photonic Solutions, Inc., 300 South Public Road, Lafayette, Colorado 80026, United States
| | - Michael P Minneman
- Insight Photonic Solutions, Inc., 300 South Public Road, Lafayette, Colorado 80026, United States
| | - Erich Hoover
- Insight Photonic Solutions, Inc., 300 South Public Road, Lafayette, Colorado 80026, United States
| | - Jessika Weingast
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Dermatology, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Laurin Ginner
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, AKH 4L, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Rainer Leitgeb
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, AKH 4L, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Harald Kittler
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Dermatology, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Edward Zhang
- University College London, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Gower Street, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Beard
- University College London, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Gower Street, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wolfgang Drexler
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, AKH 4L, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Mengyang Liu
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, AKH 4L, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria
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33
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Bhatt M, Gutta S, Yalavarthy PK. Exponential filtering of singular values improves photoacoustic image reconstruction. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2016; 33:1785-92. [PMID: 27607501 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.33.001785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Model-based image reconstruction techniques yield better quantitative accuracy in photoacoustic image reconstruction. In this work, an exponential filtering of singular values was proposed for carrying out the image reconstruction in photoacoustic tomography. The results were compared with widely popular Tikhonov regularization, time reversal, and the state of the art least-squares QR-based reconstruction algorithms for three digital phantom cases with varying signal-to-noise ratios of data. It was shown that exponential filtering provides superior photoacoustic images of better quantitative accuracy. Moreover, the proposed filtering approach was observed to be less biased toward the regularization parameter and did not come with any additional computational burden as it was implemented within the Tikhonov filtering framework. It was also shown that the standard Tikhonov filtering becomes an approximation to the proposed exponential filtering.
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Singh MKA, Jaeger M, Frenz M, Steenbergen W. In vivo demonstration of reflection artifact reduction in photoacoustic imaging using synthetic aperture photoacoustic-guided focused ultrasound (PAFUSion). BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 7:2955-72. [PMID: 27570690 PMCID: PMC4986806 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.002955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Reflection artifacts caused by acoustic inhomogeneities are a critical problem in epi-mode biomedical photoacoustic imaging. High light fluence beneath the probe results in photoacoustic transients, which propagate into the tissue and reflect back from echogenic structures. These reflection artifacts cause problems in image interpretation and significantly impact the contrast and imaging depth. We recently proposed a method called PAFUSion (Photoacoustic-guided focused ultrasound) to identify such reflection artifacts in photoacoustic imaging. In its initial version, PAFUSion mimics the inward-travelling wavefield from small blood vessel-like PA sources by applying ultrasound pulses focused towards these sources, and thus provides a way to identify the resulting reflection artifacts. In this work, we demonstrate reduction of reflection artifacts in phantoms and in vivo measurements on human volunteers. In view of the spatially distributed PA sources that are found in clinical applications, we implemented an improved version of PAFUSion where photoacoustic signals are backpropagated to imitate the inward travelling wavefield and thus the reflection artifacts. The backpropagation is performed in a synthetic way based on the pulse-echo acquisitions after transmission on each single element of the transducer array. The results provide a direct confirmation that reflection artifacts are prominent in clinical epi-photoacoustic imaging, and that PAFUSion can strongly reduce these artifacts to improve deep-tissue photoacoustic imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithun Kuniyil Ajith Singh
- Biomedical Photonic Imaging Group, MIRA institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Jaeger
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Frenz
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Wiendelt Steenbergen
- Biomedical Photonic Imaging Group, MIRA institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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35
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Deng Z, Li C. Noninvasively measuring oxygen saturation of human finger-joint vessels by multi-transducer functional photoacoustic tomography. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:61009. [PMID: 27258215 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.6.061009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Imaging small blood vessels and measuring their functional information in finger joint are still challenges for clinical imaging modalities. In this study, we developed a multi-transducer functional photoacoustic tomography (PAT) system and successfully imaged human finger-joint vessels from ∼1 mm to <0.2 mm in diameter. In addition, the oxygen saturation (SO2) values of these vessels were also measured. Our results demonstrate that PAT can provide both anatomical and functional information of individual finger-joint vessels with different sizes, which might help the study of finger-joint diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis.
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36
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Xi L, Jiang H. Integrated photoacoustic and diffuse optical tomography system for imaging of human finger joints in vivo. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2016; 9:213-7. [PMID: 26431473 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201500197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a dual-modality tomographic system that integrated photoacoustic imaging (PAI) and diffuse optical tomography (DOT) into a single platform for imaging human finger joints with fine structures and associated optical properties. In PAI, spherical focused transducers were utilized to collect acoustic signals, and the concept of virtual detector was applied in a conventional back-projection algorithm to improve the image quality. A finite-element based reconstruction algorithm was employed to quantitatively recover optical property distribution in the objects for DOT. The phantom results indicate that PAI has a maximum lateral resolution of 70 µm in resolving structures of targets. DOT was able to recover both optical absorption and reduced scattering coefficients of targets accurately. To validate the potential of this system in clinical diagnosis of joint diseases, the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints of 4 healthy female volunteers were imaged. We successfully obtained high-resolution images of the phalanx and the surrounding soft tissue via PAI, and recovered both optical absorption and reduced scattering coefficients of phalanx using DOT. The in vivo results suggest that this dual-modality system has the potential for the early diagnosis of joint diseases such as osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Integrated PAI/DOT imaging interface (top) and typical reconstruction of structures and associated optical properties of a female finger joint via PAI and DOT (bottom).
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Sivasubramanian K, Pramanik M. High frame rate photoacoustic imaging at 7000 frames per second using clinical ultrasound system. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 7:312-23. [PMID: 26977342 PMCID: PMC4771451 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.000312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic tomography, a hybrid imaging modality combining optical and ultrasound imaging, is gaining attention in the field of medical imaging. Typically, a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser is used to excite the tissue and generate photoacoustic signals. But, such photoacoustic imaging systems are difficult to translate into clinical applications owing to their high cost, bulky size often requiring an optical table to house such lasers. Moreover, the low pulse repetition rate of few tens of hertz prevents them from being used in high frame rate photoacoustic imaging. In this work, we have demonstrated up to 7000 Hz photoacoustic imaging (B-mode) and measured the flow rate of a fast moving object. We used a ~140 nanosecond pulsed laser diode as an excitation source and a clinical ultrasound imaging system to capture and display the photoacoustic images. The excitation laser is ~803 nm in wavelength with ~1.4 mJ energy per pulse. So far, the reported 2-dimensional photoacoustic B-scan imaging is only a few tens of frames per second using a clinical ultrasound system. Therefore, this is the first report on 2-dimensional photoacoustic B-scan imaging with 7000 frames per second. We have demonstrated phantom imaging to view and measure the flow rate of ink solution inside a tube. This fast photoacoustic imaging can be useful for various clinical applications including cardiac related problems, where the blood flow rate is quite high, or other dynamic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manojit Pramanik
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637459 Singapore
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38
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Biswas SK, van Es P, Steenbergen W, Manohar S. A Method for Delineation of Bone Surfaces in Photoacoustic Computed Tomography of the Finger. ULTRASONIC IMAGING 2016; 38:63-76. [PMID: 26048066 DOI: 10.1177/0161734615589288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic (PA) imaging of interphalangeal peripheral joints is of interest in the context of using the synovial membrane as a surrogate marker of rheumatoid arthritis. Previous work has shown that ultrasound (US) produced by absorption of light at the epidermis reflects on the bone surfaces within the finger. When the reflected signals are backprojected in the region of interest, artifacts are produced, confounding interpretation of the images. In this work, we present an approach where the PA signals known to originate from the epidermis are treated as virtual US transmitters, and a separate reconstruction is performed as in US reflection imaging. This allows us to identify the bone surfaces. Furthermore, the identification of the joint space is important as this provides a landmark to localize a region-of-interest in seeking the inflamed synovial membrane. The ability to delineate bone surfaces allows us to identify not only the artifacts but also the interphalangeal joint space without recourse to new US hardware or a new measurement. We test the approach on phantoms and on a healthy human finger.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Biswas
- Biomedical Photonic Imaging, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - P van Es
- Biomedical Photonic Imaging, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - W Steenbergen
- Biomedical Photonic Imaging, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - S Manohar
- Biomedical Photonic Imaging, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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39
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Lutzweiler C, Meier R, Razansky D. Optoacoustic image segmentation based on signal domain analysis. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2015; 3:151-158. [PMID: 31467846 PMCID: PMC6713061 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Efficient segmentation of optoacoustic images has importance in enhancing the diagnostic and quantification capacity of this modality. It may also aid in improving the tomographic reconstruction accuracy by accounting for heterogeneous optical and acoustic tissue properties. In particular, when imaging through complex biological tissues, the real acoustic properties often deviate considerably from the idealized assumptions of homogenous conditions, which may lead to significant image artifacts if not properly accounted for. Although several methods have been proposed aiming at estimating and accounting for the complex acoustic properties in the image domain, accurate delineation of structures is often hindered by low contrast of the images and other artifacts produced due to incomplete tomographic coverage and heuristic assignment of the tissue properties during the reconstruction process. In this letter, we propose instead a signal domain analysis approach that retrieves acoustic properties of the object to be reconstructed from characteristic features of the detected optoacoustic signals prior to image reconstruction. Performance of the proposed method is first tested in simulation and experiment using two-dimensional tissue-mimicking phantoms. Significant improvements in the segmentation abilities and overall reconstructed image quality are further showcased in experimental cross-sectional data acquired from a human finger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Lutzweiler
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Reinhard Meier
- School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Daniel Razansky
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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40
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Upputuri PK, Pramanik M. Performance characterization of low-cost, high-speed, portable pulsed laser diode photoacoustic tomography (PLD-PAT) system. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:4118-29. [PMID: 26504659 PMCID: PMC4605068 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.004118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic tomography systems that uses Q-switched Nd:YAG/OPO pulsed lasers are expensive, bulky, and hence limits its use in clinical applications. The low pulse repetition rate of these lasers makes it unsuitable for real-time imaging when used with single-element ultrasound detector. In this work, we present a pulsed laser diode photoacoustic tomography (PLD-PAT) system that integrates a compact PLD inside a single-detector circular scanning geometry. We compared its performance against the traditional Nd:YAG/OPO based PAT system in terms of imaging depth, resolution, imaging time etc. The PLD provides near-infrared pulses at ~803 nm wavelength with pulse energy ~1.4 mJ/pulse at 7 kHz repetition rate. The PLD-PAT system is capable of providing 2D image in scan time as small as 3 sec with a signal-to-noise ratio ~30. High-speed and deep-tissue imaging is demonstrated on phantoms and biological samples. The PLD-PAT system is inexpensive, portable, allows high-speed PAT imaging, and its performance is as good as traditional expensive OPO based PAT system. Therefore, it holds promises for future translational biomedical imaging applications.
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