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Shariati B K B, Khatami SS, Ansari MA, Jahangiri F, Latifi H, Tuchin VV. Method for tissue clearing: temporal tissue optical clearing. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:4222-4235. [PMID: 36032583 PMCID: PMC9408250 DOI: 10.1364/boe.461115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Light absorption and scattering in biological tissue are significant variables in optical imaging technologies and regulating them enhances optical imaging quality. Optical clearing methods can decrease light scattering and improve optical imaging quality to some extent but owing to their limited efficacy and the potential influence of optical clearing agents on tissue functioning, complementing approaches must be investigated. In this paper, a new strategy of optical clearing proposed as time-dependent or temporal tissue optical clearing (TTOC) is described. The absorption and scattering in light interaction with tissue are regulated in the TTOC technique by altering the pulse width. Here, the dependence of optical properties of matter on the pulse width in a gelatin-based phantom was investigated experimentally. Then, a semi-classical model was introduced to computationally study of Ultra-short laser/matter interaction. After studying phantom, the absorption and scattering probabilities in the interaction of the pulse with modeled human skin tissue were investigated using the proposed model for pulse widths ranging from 1µs to 10fs. The propagation of the pulse through the skin tissue was simulated using the Monte Carlo technique by computing the pulse width-dependent optical properties (absorption coefficient µa, scattering coefficient µs, and anisotropy factor g). Finally, the penetration depth of light into the tissue and reflectance for different pulse widths was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Shariati B K
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 19839 69411, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Ali Ansari
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 19839 69411, Iran
| | - Fazel Jahangiri
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 19839 69411, Iran
| | - Hamid Latifi
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 19839 69411, Iran
- Department of Physics, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 19839 69411, Iran
| | - Valery V. Tuchin
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya str., Saratov 410012, Russia
- Laboratory of Laser Diagnostics of Technical and Living Systems, Institute of Precision Mechanics and Control, FRC “Saratov Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences,”, 24 Rabochaya, Saratov 410028, Russia
- А.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33-2 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow 119071, Russia
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Subramanian K, Petzold H, Seelbinder B, Hersemann L, Nüsslein I, Kreysing M. Optical plasticity of mammalian cells. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2021; 14:e202000457. [PMID: 33345429 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Transparency is widespread in nature, ranging from transparent insect wings to ocular tissues that enable you to read this text, and transparent marine vertebrates. And yet, cells and tissue models in biology are usually strongly light scattering and optically opaque, precluding deep optical microscopy. Here we describe the directed evolution of cultured mammalian cells toward increased transparency. We find that mutations greatly diversify the optical phenotype of Chinese Hamster Ovary cells, a cultured mammalian cell line. Furthermore, only three rounds of high-throughput optical selection and competitive growth are required to yield fit cells with greatly improved transparency. Based on 15 monoclonal cell lines derived from this directed evolution experiment, we find that the evolved transparency frequently goes along with a reduction of nuclear granularity and physiological shifts in gene expression profiles. In the future this optical plasticity of mammalian cells may facilitate genetic clearance of living tissues for in vivo microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushikaram Subramanian
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Heike Petzold
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Benjamin Seelbinder
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lena Hersemann
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ina Nüsslein
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Moritz Kreysing
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence, PoL | Physics of Life, Biotechnology Center of the TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Rodríguez-Fajardo V, Sanz V, de Miguel I, Berthelot J, Aćimović SS, Porcar-Guezenec R, Quidant R. Two-color dark-field (TCDF) microscopy for metal nanoparticle imaging inside cells. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:4019-4027. [PMID: 29431802 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr09408f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) supporting localized surface plasmon resonances are widely used in the context of biotechnology as optical and absorption contrast agents with great potential applicability to both diagnostics and less invasive therapies. In this framework, it is crucial to have access to simple and reliable microscopy techniques to monitor the NPs that have internalized into cells. While dark field (DF) microscopy takes advantage of the enhanced NP scattering at their plasmon resonance, its use in cells is limited by the large scattering background from the internal cell compartments. Here, we report on a novel two-color dark field microscopy that addresses these limitations by significantly reducing the cell scattering contribution. We first present the technique and demonstrate its enhanced contrast, specificity and reliability for NP detection compared to a standard optical dark field. We then demonstrate its potential suitability in two different settings, namely wide-field parallel screening of circulating cells in microfluidic chips and high-resolution tracking of internalized NPs in cells. These proof of principle experiments show a promising capability of this approach with possible extension to other kinds of targeted systems like bacteria and vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Rodríguez-Fajardo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain.
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Shi R, Feng W, Zhang C, Zhang Z, Zhu D. FSOCA-induced switchable footpad skin optical clearing window for blood flow and cell imaging in vivo. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2017; 10:1647-1656. [PMID: 28516571 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201700052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The mouse footpad for its feature of hairlessness provides an available window for imaging vascular and cellular structure and function in vivo. Unfortunately, the strong scattering of its skin limits the penetration of light and reduces the imaging contrast and depth. Herein, an innovative footpad skin optical clearing agent (FSOCA) was developed to make the footpad skin transparent quickly by topical application. The results demonstrate that FSOCA treatment not only allowed the cutaneous blood vessels and blood flow distribution to be monitored by laser speckle contrast imaging technique with higher contrast, but also permitted the fluorescent cells to be imaged by laser scanning confocal microscopy with higher fluorescence signal intensity and larger imaging depth. In addition, the physiological saline-treatment could make the footpad skin recover to the initial turbid status, and reclearing would not induce any adverse effects on the distributions and morphologies of blood vessels and cells, which demonstrated a safe and switchable window for biomedical imaging. This switchable footpad skin optical clearing window will be significant for studying blood flow dynamics and cellular immune function in vivo in some vascular and immunological diseases. Picture: Repeated cell imaging in vivo before (a) and after (b) FSOCA treatment. (c) Merged images of 4 h (cyan border) or 72 h (magenta border) over 0 h. (d) Zoom of ROI in 4 h (yellow rectangle) or 72 h (red rectangle).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Shi
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Photonics, HUST, Ministry of Education, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
- Hubei Bioinformatics and Bioimaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, HUST, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Wei Feng
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Photonics, HUST, Ministry of Education, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
- Hubei Bioinformatics and Bioimaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, HUST, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Photonics, HUST, Ministry of Education, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
- Hubei Bioinformatics and Bioimaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, HUST, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Photonics, HUST, Ministry of Education, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
- Hubei Bioinformatics and Bioimaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, HUST, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Photonics, HUST, Ministry of Education, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
- Hubei Bioinformatics and Bioimaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, HUST, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
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Tuchin VV. Polarized light interaction with tissues. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:71114. [PMID: 27121763 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.7.071114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
This tutorial-review introduces the fundamentals of polarized light interaction with biological tissues and presents some of the recent key polarization optical methods that have made possible the quantitative studies essential for biomedical diagnostics. Tissue structures and the corresponding models showing linear and circular birefringence, dichroism, and chirality are analyzed. As the basis for a quantitative description of the interaction of polarized light with tissues, the theory of polarization transfer in a random medium is used. This theory employs the modified transfer equation for Stokes parameters to predict the polarization properties of single- and multiple-scattered optical fields. The near-order of scatterers in tissues is accounted for to provide an adequate description of tissue polarization properties. Biomedical diagnostic techniques based on polarized light detection, including polarization imaging and spectroscopy, amplitude and intensity light scattering matrix measurements, and polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography are described. Examples of biomedical applications of these techniques for early diagnostics of cataracts, detection of precancer, and prediction of skin disease are presented. The substantial reduction of light scattering multiplicity at tissue optical clearing that leads to a lesser influence of scattering on the measured intrinsic polarization properties of the tissue and allows for more precise quantification of these properties is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery V Tuchin
- Saratov National Research State University, Research-Educational Institute of Optics and Biophotonics, 83 Astrakhanskaya street, Saratov 410012, RussiabInstitute of Precision Mechanics and Control of Russian Academy of Sciences, 24 Rabochaya street, Sarat
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Cui Y, Wang X, Ren W, Liu J, Irudayaraj J. Optical Clearing Delivers Ultrasensitive Hyperspectral Dark-Field Imaging for Single-Cell Evaluation. ACS NANO 2016; 10:3132-43. [PMID: 26895095 PMCID: PMC5338466 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A single-cell optical clearing methodology is developed and demonstrated in hyperspectral dark-field microscopy (HSDFM) and imaging of plasmonic nanoprobes. Our strategy relies on a combination of delipidation and refractive index (RI) matching with highly biocompatible and affordable agents. Before applying the RI-matching solution, the delipidation step by using a mild solvent effectively eliminates those high-density, lipid-enriched granular structures which emit strong scattering. Upon treatment, the background scattering from cellular organelles could be repressed to a negligible level while the scattering signals from plasmonic nanomaterials increase, leading to a significant improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). With this method established, the versatility and applicability of HSDFM are greatly enhanced. In our demonstration, quantitative mapping of the dimerization-activated receptor kinase HER2 is achieved in a single cancer cell by a nonfluorescent approach. High-resolution imaging for oncogenic mRNAs, namely ER, PR, and HER2, is performed with single labeling. More importantly, in situ multiplex detection of mRNA and protein is made possible by HSDFM since it overcomes the difficulties of complex staining and signal imbalance suffered by the conventional optical imaging. Last, we show that with optical clearing, characterization of intracellularly grown gold particulates is accomplished at an unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution. Taken together, the uniqueness of optical clearing and HSDFM is expected to open ample avenues for single-cell studies and biomedical engineering.
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Bykov A, Hautala T, Kinnunen M, Popov A, Karhula S, Saarakkala S, Nieminen MT, Tuchin V, Meglinski I. Imaging of subchondral bone by optical coherence tomography upon optical clearing of articular cartilage. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2016; 9:270-5. [PMID: 26097171 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201500130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Optical clearing is an effective method to reduce light scattering of biological tissues that provides significant enhancement of light penetration into the biological tissues making non-invasive diagnosis more feasible. In current report Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) in conjunction with optical clearing is applied for assessment of deep cartilage layers and cartilage-bone interface. The solution of Iohexol in water has been used as an optical clearing agent. The cartilage-bone boundary becomes visible after 15 min of optical clearing that enabling non-invasive estimation of its roughness: Sa = 10 ± 1 µm. The results show that for 0.9 mm thick cartilage optical clearing is stopped after 50 min with an increase of refractive index from 1.386 ± 0.008 to 1.510 ± 0.009. Current approach enables more reliable detection of arthroscopically inaccessible regions, including cartilage-bone boundary and subchondral bone, and potentially improves accuracy of the osteoarthritis diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Bykov
- Optoelectronics and Measurement Techniques Laboratory, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4500, 90014, Oulu, Finland.
- ITMO University, 49 Kronverksky pr., Saint-Petersburg, 197101, Russia.
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biophotonics, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia.
| | - Tapio Hautala
- Optoelectronics and Measurement Techniques Laboratory, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4500, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Matti Kinnunen
- Optoelectronics and Measurement Techniques Laboratory, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4500, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Alexey Popov
- Optoelectronics and Measurement Techniques Laboratory, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4500, 90014, Oulu, Finland
- ITMO University, 49 Kronverksky pr., Saint-Petersburg, 197101, Russia
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biophotonics, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Sakari Karhula
- Department of Medical Technology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, P.O. Box 50, 90029, Oulu, Finland
| | - Simo Saarakkala
- Department of Medical Technology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, P.O. Box 50, 90029, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, P.O. Box 50, 90029, Oulu, Finland
| | - Miika T Nieminen
- Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, P.O. Box 50, 90029, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, P.O. Box 50, 90029, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Radiology, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Valery Tuchin
- Optoelectronics and Measurement Techniques Laboratory, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4500, 90014, Oulu, Finland
- Research-Educational Institute of Optics and Biophotonics, Saratov State University, 410012, Saratov, Russia
- Institute of Precise Mechanics and Control of Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Academy of Sciences, 410028, Saratov, Russia
| | - Igor Meglinski
- Optoelectronics and Measurement Techniques Laboratory, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4500, 90014, Oulu, Finland
- ITMO University, 49 Kronverksky pr., Saint-Petersburg, 197101, Russia
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biophotonics, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
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Choe C, Lademann J, Darvin ME. Analysis of Human and Porcine Skin in vivo/ex vivo for Penetration of Selected Oils by Confocal Raman Microscopy. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2015; 28:318-30. [PMID: 26418603 DOI: 10.1159/000439407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The subject of oil penetration into the skin is controversially discussed in the scientific literature. METHODS Confocal Raman microscopy was used for analyzing oil penetration into the skin. The following methods were applied in the study: methods based on tracking specific peaks (method 1), the nonrestricted multiple least square fit (method 2), analyzing the lipid-to-keratin peak ratio using the perpendicular drop-down cutoff procedure (method 3), and the Gaussian function-based deconvolution procedure (method 4). RESULTS The results obtained using methods 1, 2 and 4 show that the investigated oils do not penetrate deeper than 11 µm into human and porcine skin. Petrolatum has a prominent swelling effect on the stratum corneum (32% in vivo, 28% ex vivo), while the other oils exhibit no significant swelling effect. By using method 3, the penetration profile of oils, and especially of petrolatum, into the skin was interpreted incorrectly for various reasons that are addressed herein below. CONCLUSION Predominantly remaining in the uppermost corneocyte layers of the stratum corneum, topically applied oils do not reach the viable cells of the stratum spinosum. To exclude any possible mistakes when using the lipid-keratin Raman peak (2,820-3,030 cm-1), the penetration analysis should be performed using the Gaussian function-based deconvolution procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChunSik Choe
- Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Charitx00E9; - Universitx00E4;tsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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