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Shi X, Yin H, Dong X, Li H, Li Y. Photodynamic therapy with light-emitting diode arrays producing different light fields induces apoptosis and necrosis in gastrointestinal cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1062666. [PMID: 36591528 PMCID: PMC9801516 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1062666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have become a new light source for photodynamic therapy (PDT) because of their excellent optical properties, small size, and low cost. LED arrays have so far been designed to meet the need for accurate illumination of irregular lesions. However, LED arrays determine not only the shape of the illuminated spot but also the light field, which has a significant impact on the efficacy of PDT. Methods We designed three types of LED arrays producing different light fields, namely an intensive LED array for a uniform light field, a sparse LED array for a non-uniform light field, and a point LED array for a Gaussian-like light field, and investigated the effect and mechanism of these light fields on PDT for gastrointestinal cancer both in vitro and in vivo. Results We found that intensive LED-PDT induced earlier and more serious cell death, including apoptosis and necrosis, than sparse LED-PDT and point LED-PDT. Among the three LED arrays, the intensive LED array induced cells to produce more differential proteins (DEPs), mainly related to mitochondria, ribosomes, and nucleic acids. DEPs in cells subjected to sparse LED- and point LED-PDT were mainly involved in extracellular activities. For MGC-803 tumor-bearing mice, intensive LED-PDT and point LED-PDT had better tumor ablation effect than sparse LED-PDT. Notably, recurrence was observed on day 7 after sparse LED-PDT. VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 were highly expressed in sparse LEDs-PDT treated tumor tissues and were associated tumor angiogenesis, which in turn lead to poor tumor suppression. Conclusions Therefore, the type of LED array significantly affected the performance of PDT for gastrointestinal cancer. Uniform light field with low power densities work better than non-uniform and Gaussian-like light fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiafei Shi
- Laboratory of Laser Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China,School of Life Sciences, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huijuan Yin
- Laboratory of Laser Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China,*Correspondence: Huijuan Yin,
| | - Xiaoxi Dong
- Laboratory of Laser Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongxiao Li
- Laboratory of Laser Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingxin Li
- Laboratory of Laser Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
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Ratkaj I, Mušković M, Malatesti N. Targeting Microenvironment of Melanoma and Head and Neck Cancers
in Photodynamic Therapy. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:3261-3299. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210709113032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Photodynamic therapy (PDT), in comparison to other skin cancers,
is still far less effective for melanoma, due to the strong absorbance and the role of
melanin in cytoprotection. The tumour microenvironment (TME) has a significant role in
tumour progression, and the hypoxic TME is one of the main reasons for melanoma progression
to metastasis and its resistance to PDT. Hypoxia is also a feature of solid tumours
in the head and neck region that indicates negative prognosis.
Objective:
The aim of this study was to individuate and describe systematically the main
strategies in targeting the TME, especially hypoxia, in PDT against melanoma and head
and neck cancers (HNC), and assess the current success in their application.
Methods:
PubMed was used for searching, in MEDLINE and other databases, for the
most recent publications on PDT against melanoma and HNC in combination with the
TME targeting and hypoxia.
Results:
In PDT for melanoma and HNC, it is very important to control hypoxia levels,
and amongst the different approaches, oxygen self-supply systems are often applied. Vascular
targeting is promising, but to improve it, optimal drug-light interval, and formulation
to increase the accumulation of the photosensitiser in the tumour vasculature, have to
be established. On the other side, the use of angiogenesis inhibitors, such as those interfering
with VEGF signalling, is somewhat less successful than expected and needs to be
further investigated.
Conclusion:
The combination of PDT with immunotherapy by using multifunctional nanoparticles
continues to develop and seems to be the most promising for achieving a
complete and lasting antitumour effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Ratkaj
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Martina Mušković
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Nela Malatesti
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
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Siddiqui SA, Siddiqui S, Hussain MAB, Khan S, Liu H, Akhtar K, Hasan SA, Ahmed I, Mallidi S, Khan AP, Cuckov F, Hopper C, Bown S, Celli JP, Hasan T. Clinical evaluation of a mobile, low-cost system for fluorescence guided photodynamic therapy of early oral cancer in India. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 38:102843. [PMID: 35367616 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Morbidity and mortality due to oral cancer in India are exacerbated by a lack of access to effective treatments amongst medically underserved populations. We developed a user-friendly low-cost, portable fibre-coupled LED system for photodynamic therapy (PDT) of early oral lesions, using a smartphone fluorescence imaging device for treatment guidance, and 3D printed fibreoptic attachments for ergonomic intraoral light delivery. METHODS 30 patients with T1N0M0 buccal mucosal cancer were recruited from the JN Medical College clinics, Aligarh, and rural screening camps. Tumour limits were defined by external ultrasound (US), white light photos and increased tumour fluorescence after oral administration of the photosensitising agent ALA (60 mg/kg, divided doses), monitored by a smartphone fluorescence imaging device. 100 J/cm2 LED light (635 nm peak) was delivered followed by repeat fluorescence to assess photobleaching. US and biopsy were repeated after 7-17 days. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03638622, and the study has been completed. FINDINGS There were no significant complications or discomfort. No sedation was required. No residual disease was detected in 22 out of 30 patients who completed the study (26 of 34 lesions, 76% complete tumour response, 50 weeks median follow-up) with up to 7.2 mm depth of necrosis. Treatment failures were attributed to large tumour size and/or inadequate light delivery (documented by limited photobleaching). Moderately differentiated lesions were more responsive than well-differentiated cancers. INTERPRETATION This simple and low-cost adaptation of fluorescenceguided PDT is effective for treatment of early-stage malignant oral lesions and may have implications in global health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Ali Siddiqui
- Aligarh Muslim University, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Department of Radiotherapy, Aligarh, India
| | - Shaista Siddiqui
- Aligarh Muslim University, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Department of Radiodiagnosis, Aligarh, India
| | - M A Bilal Hussain
- Aligarh Muslim University, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Department of Radiotherapy, Aligarh, India
| | - Shakir Khan
- Aligarh Muslim University, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Department of Radiotherapy, Aligarh, India; University of Massachusetts at Boston, Boston, MA, United States; Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Hui Liu
- University of Massachusetts at Boston, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kafil Akhtar
- Aligarh Muslim University, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Department of Pathology, Aligarh, India
| | - Syed Abrar Hasan
- Aligarh Muslim University, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Department of Otorhinolaryngology (E.N.T.), Aligarh, India
| | - Ibne Ahmed
- Aligarh Muslim University, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Department of Radiodiagnosis, Aligarh, India
| | - Srivalleesha Mallidi
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Amjad P Khan
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Filip Cuckov
- Wentworth Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | | | | | - Jonathan P Celli
- University of Massachusetts at Boston, Boston, MA, United States; Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States; Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Ma CH, Yang J, Mueller JL, Huang HC. Intratumoral Photosensitizer Delivery and Photodynamic Therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 11. [PMID: 34484435 DOI: 10.1142/s179398442130003x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a two-step procedure that involves the administration of special drugs, commonly called photosensitizers, followed by the application of certain wavelengths of light. The light activates these photosensitizers to produce reactive molecular species that induce cell death in tissues. There are numerous factors to consider when selecting the appropriate photosensitizer administration route, such as which part of the body is being targeted, the pharmacokinetics of photosensitizers, and the formulation of photosensitizers. While intravenous, topical, and oral administration of photosensitizers are widely used in preclinical and clinical applications of PDT, other administration routes, such as intraperitoneal, intra-arterial, and intratumoral injections, are gaining traction for their potential in treating advanced diseases and reducing off-target toxicities. With recent advances in targeted nanotechnology, biomaterials, and light delivery systems, the exciting possibilities of targeted photosensitizer delivery can be fully realized for preclinical and clinical applications. Further, in light of the growing burden of cancer mortality in low and middle-income countries and development of low-cost light sources and photosensitizers, PDT could be used to treat cancer patients in low-income settings. This short article introduces aspects of interfaces of intratumoral photosensitizer injections and nano-biomaterials for PDT applications in both high-income and low-income settings but does not present a comprehensive review due to space limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Hua Ma
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Jeffrey Yang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Jenna L Mueller
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Huang-Chiao Huang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Jin W, Shi X, Yin H, Zhang H, Wang Z, Chen Q, Wu H, Han Y, Li Y. Comparison of actual and simulated tumoricidal effects induced by photodynamic therapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 32:102060. [PMID: 33065301 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Numerous studies employ mathematical methods, such as Monte Carlo simulation, to predict the tumor killing effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) by simulating optical propagation, photosensitizer distribution, and oxygen distribution. Whether these models faithfully reflect tumor killing is unknown, and model validation using tumor cross sections in these studies is usually insufficient to answer this question. To fill this gap in our knowledge, we employed a mouse model of breast cancer to determine the spatiotemporal effects of PDT using direct histopathological and biochemical analyses of whole tumors. METHODS We prepared approximately 700 5-μm-thick serial sections of breast tumors of syngeneic mice treated with PDT employing the photosensitizer photocarcinorin (PsD-007, a second-generation photosensitizer developed in China). Three adjoining sections were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin staining to assess necrosis, the TUNEL assay to evaluate apoptosis, and CD31 staining to detect angiogenesis, respectively. We then generated a three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the tumor to evaluate these processes. We simultaneously used the Monte Carlo method to develop a model of light distribution throughout the tumor to evaluate the actual and simulated tumor killing effects induced by PDT. RESULTS Tumor necrosis decreased exponentially as a function of distance from the source of illumination, while the distributions of apoptosis and neovascularization were independent of light distribution. Most apoptosis occurred in the lower layers (3000-4000 μm) of the tumor where the light intensity was too low to excite the photosensitizer. Neovascularization occurred at depths ranging from 2500 to 3500 μm. These analyses provided a 3D view of how a tumor is destroyed using PDT. CONCLUSIONS Although the optical distribution model predicted tumor necrosis caused by PDT, it was ineffective in predicting the sites of apoptosis and vascular destruction. Mathematical modeling is limited in its capabilities required to gain a comprehensive understanding of the spatiotemporal events associated with PDT. The mouse model developed here will serve as a platform for detailed direct histopathological, biochemical, and molecular genetic analyses of the effects of PDT, which will facilitate the development of optimized treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendong Jin
- Laser Medicine Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Xiafei Shi
- Laser Medicine Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Huijuan Yin
- Laser Medicine Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China.
| | - Haixia Zhang
- Biomedical Engineering and Technology College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Zhiyuan Wang
- School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 370000, China
| | - Qianqian Chen
- Laser Medicine Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Hongjun Wu
- Laser Medicine Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Yu Han
- Biomedical Engineering and Technology College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yinxin Li
- Laser Medicine Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China.
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Kercher EM, Zhang K, Waguespack M, Lang RT, Olmos A, Spring BQ. High-power light-emitting diode array design and assembly for practical photodynamic therapy research. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2020; 25:1-13. [PMID: 32297489 PMCID: PMC7156854 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.25.6.063811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Commercial lasers, lamps, and light-emitting diode (LED) light sources have stimulated the clinical translation of photodynamic therapy (PDT). Yet, the continued exploration of new photosensitizers (PSs) for PDT often requires separate activation wavelengths for each agent being investigated. Customized light sources for such research frequently come at significant financial or technical cost, especially when compounded over many agents and wavelengths. AIM LEDs offer potential as a cost-effective tool for new PS and multi-PS photodynamic research. A low-cost-per-wavelength tool leveraging high-power LEDs to facilitate efficient and versatile research is needed to further accelerate research in the field. APPROACH We developed and validated a high-power LED array system for benchtop PDT with a modular design for efficient switching between wavelengths that overcome many challenges in light source design. We describe the assembly of a low-cost LED module plus the supporting infrastructure, software, and protocols to streamline typical in vitro PDT experimentation. RESULTS The LED array system is stable at intensities in excess of 100 mW / cm2 with 2.3% variation across the illumination field, competitive with other custom and commercial devices. To demonstrate efficacy and versatility, a primary ovarian cancer cell line was treated with two widely used PSs, aminolevulinic acid and verteporfin, using the LED modules at a clinically relevant 50 J / cm2 light dose that induced over 90% cell death for each treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our work provides the community with a tool for new PS and multi-PS benchtop photodynamic research that, unlike most commercial light sources, affords the user a low barrier to entry and low-cost-per-wavelength with the goal of illuminating new insights at the forefront of PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M. Kercher
- Northeastern University, Translational Biophotonics Cluster, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Northeastern University, Department of Physics, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Kai Zhang
- Northeastern University, Translational Biophotonics Cluster, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Northeastern University, Department of Physics, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Matt Waguespack
- Northeastern University, Translational Biophotonics Cluster, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Northeastern University, Department of Physics, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Ryan T. Lang
- Northeastern University, Translational Biophotonics Cluster, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Northeastern University, Department of Physics, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Alejandro Olmos
- Northeastern University, Department of Health Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Bryan Q. Spring
- Northeastern University, Translational Biophotonics Cluster, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Northeastern University, Department of Physics, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Northeastern University, Department of Bioengineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Address all correspondence to Bryan Q. Spring, E-mail:
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Platform for ergonomic intraoral photodynamic therapy using low-cost, modular 3D-printed components: Design, comfort and clinical evaluation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15830. [PMID: 31676807 PMCID: PMC6825190 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51859-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer prevalence is increasing at an alarming rate worldwide, especially in developing countries which lack the medical infrastructure to manage it. For example, the oral cancer burden in India has been identified as a public health crisis. The high expense and logistical barriers to obtaining treatment with surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy often result in progression to unmanageable late stage disease with high morbidity. Even when curative, these approaches can be cosmetically and functionally disfiguring with extensive side effects. An alternate effective therapy for oral cancer is a light based spatially-targeted cytotoxic therapy called photodynamic therapy (PDT). Despite excellent healing of the oral mucosa in PDT, a lack of robust enabling technology for intraoral light delivery has limited its broader implementation. Leveraging advances in 3D printing, we have developed an intraoral light delivery system consisting of modular 3D printed light applicators with pre-calibrated dosimetry and mouth props that can be utilized to perform PDT in conscious subjects without the need of extensive infrastructure or manual positioning of an optical fiber. To evaluate the stability of the light applicators, we utilized an endoscope in lieu of the optical fiber to monitor motion in the fiducial markers. Here we showcase the stability (less than 2 mm deviation in both horizontal and vertical axis) and ergonomics of our applicators in delivering light precisely to the target location in ten healthy volunteers. We also demonstrate in five subjects with T1N0M0 oral lesions that our applicators coupled with a low-cost fiber coupled LED-based light source served as a complete platform for intraoral light delivery achieving complete tumor response with no residual disease at initial histopathology follow up in these patients. Overall, our approach potentiates PDT as a viable therapeutic option for early stage oral lesions that can be delivered in low resource settings.
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Liu H, Daly L, Rudd G, Khan AP, Mallidi S, Liu Y, Cuckov F, Hasan T, Celli JP. Development and evaluation of a low-cost, portable, LED-based device for PDT treatment of early-stage oral cancer in resource-limited settings. Lasers Surg Med 2018; 51:345-351. [PMID: 30168618 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) photosensitization has shown promise in clinical studies for the treatment of early-stage oral malignancies with fewer potential side effects than traditional therapies. Light delivery to oral lesions can also carried out with limited medical infrastructure suggesting the potential for implementation of PDT in global health settings. OBJECTIVES We sought to develop a cost-effective, battery-powered, fiber-coupled PDT system suitable for intraoral light delivery enabled by smartphone interface and embedded electronics for ease of operation. METHODS Device performance was assessed in measurements of optical power output, spectral stability, and preclinical assessment of PDT response in ALA-photosensitized squamous carcinoma cell cultures and murine subcutaneous tumor xenografts. RESULTS The system achieves target optoelectronic performance with a stable battery-powered output of approximately 180 mW from the fiber tip within the desired spectral window for PpIX activation. The device has a compact configuration, user friendly operation and flexible light delivery for the oral cavity. In cell culture, we show that the overall dose-response is consistent with established light sources and complete cell death of ALA photosensitized cells can be achieved in the irradiated zone. In vivo PDT response (reduction in tumor volume) is comparable with a commercial 635 nm laser. CONCLUSIONS We developed a low-cost, LED-based, fiber-coupled PDT light delivery source that has stable output on battery power and suitable form factor for deployment in rural and/or resource-limited settings. Lasers Surg. Med. 9999:1-7, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Boston, Massachusetts, 02125
| | - Liam Daly
- Department of Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Boston, Massachusetts, 02125
| | - Grant Rudd
- Department of Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Boston, Massachusetts, 02125
| | - Amjad P Khan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114
| | - Srivalleesha Mallidi
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114
| | - Yiran Liu
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Boston, Massachusetts, 02125
| | - Filip Cuckov
- Department of Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Boston, Massachusetts, 02125
| | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114
| | - Jonathan P Celli
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Boston, Massachusetts, 02125
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Chen H, Yeh TH, He J, Zhang C, Abbel R, Hamblin MR, Huang Y, Lanzafame RJ, Stadler I, Celli J, Liu SW, Wu ST, Dong Y. Flexible quantum dot light-emitting devices for targeted photomedical applications. JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION DISPLAY 2018; 26:296-303. [PMID: 30416331 PMCID: PMC6223313 DOI: 10.1002/jsid.650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dot light-emitting devices (QLEDs), originally developed for displays, were recently demonstrated to be promising light sources for various photomedical applications, including photodynamic therapy cancer cell treatment and photobimodulation cell metabolism enhancement. With exceptional emission wavelength tunability and potential flexibility, QLEDs could enable wearable, targeted photomedicine with maximized absorption of different medical photosensitizers. In this paper, we report, for the first time, the in vitro study to demonstrate that QLEDs-based photodynamic therapy can effectively kill Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, an antibiotic-resistant bacterium. We then present successful synthesis of highly efficient quantum dots with narrow spectra and specific peak wavelengths to match the absorption peaks of different photosensitizers for targeted photomedicine. Flexible QLEDs with a peak external quantum efficiency of 8.2% and a luminance of over 20,000 cd/m2 at a low driving voltage of 6 V were achieved. The tunable, flexible QLEDs could be employed for oral cancer treatment or diabetic wound repairs in the near future. These results represent one fresh stride toward realizing QLEDs' long-term goal to enable the wide clinical adoption of photomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA. Nanoscience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Tzu-Hung Yeh
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei City, Taiwan. Organic Electronics Research Center, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Juan He
- College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Caicai Zhang
- Nanoscience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA. Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | | | - Michael R Hamblin
- Harvard Medical School, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yingying Huang
- Harvard Medical School, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raymond J Lanzafame
- Raymond J Lanzafame MD PLLC, Rochester, NY, USA. Laser Surgical Research Laboratory, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Istvan Stadler
- Laser Surgical Research Laboratory, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan Celli
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shun-Wei Liu
- Organic Electronics Research Center, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Tson Wu
- College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Yajie Dong
- College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA. Nanoscience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA. Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
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Mohammad-Hadi L, MacRobert AJ, Loizidou M, Yaghini E. Photodynamic therapy in 3D cancer models and the utilisation of nanodelivery systems. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:1570-1581. [PMID: 29308480 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr07739d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is the subject of considerable research in experimental cancer models mainly for the treatment of solid cancerous tumours. Recent studies on the use of nanoparticles as photosensitiser carriers have demonstrated improved PDT efficacy in experimental cancer therapy. Experiments typically employ conventional monolayer cell culture but there is increasing interest in testing PDT using three dimensional (3D) cancer models. 3D cancer models can better mimic in vivo models than 2D cultures by for example enabling cancer cell interactions with a surrounding extracellular matrix which should enable the treatment to be optimised prior to in vivo studies. The aim of this review is to discuss recent research using PDT in different types of 3D cancer models, from spheroids to nano-fibrous scaffolds, using a range of photosensitisers on their own or incorporated in nanoparticles and nanodelivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Mohammad-Hadi
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Department of Nanotechnology, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill St, London NW3 2PE, UK.
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