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Sun T, Piao D. Diffuse photon remission associated with the center-illuminated-area-detection geometry: Part I, an approach to the steady-state model. APPLIED OPTICS 2022; 61:9143-9153. [PMID: 36607047 DOI: 10.1364/ao.468342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse photon remission associated with the center-illuminated-area-detection (CIAD) geometry has been useful for non-contact sensing and may inform single-fiber reflectance (SfR). This series of work advances model approaches that help enrich the understanding and applicability of the photon remission by CIAD. The general approach is to derive the diffuse photon remission by the area integration of the radially resolved diffuse reflectance while limiting the analysis to a medium exhibiting only the Heyney-Greenstein (HG) scattering phase function. Part I assesses the steady-state photon remission in CIAD over a reduced scattering scaled diameter of μ s ' d a r e a ∈[0.5×10-3,103] that covers the range extensively modeled for SfR. The corresponding radially resolved diffuse reflectance is obtained by concatenating an empirical expression for the semi-ballistic region near the point-of-illumination and a formula utilizing a master-slave dual-source scheme over the semi-diffusive to a diffusive regime while being constrained by an extrapolated zero-boundary condition. The terminal algebraic photon remission is examined against Monte Carlo simulations for an absorption coefficient over [0.001,1]m m -1, a reduced scattering coefficient over [0.01,1000]m m -1, a HG scattering anisotropy factor within [0.5,0.95], and a diameter of the area of collection ranging [50,1000]µm. The algebraic model is also applied to phantom data acquired over a ∼2c m non-contact CIAD configuration and with a 200 µm SfR probe. The model approach will be extended in a subsequent work towards the time-of-flight characteristics of CIAD.
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Estimation of porcine pancreas optical properties in the 600-1100 nm wavelength range for light-based therapies. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14300. [PMID: 35995952 PMCID: PMC9395366 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18277-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This work reports the optical properties of porcine pancreatic tissue in the broad wavelength range of 600–1100 nm. Absorption and reduced scattering coefficients (µa and µs′) of the ex vivo pancreas were obtained by means of Time-domain Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy. We have investigated different experimental conditions—including compression, repositioning, spatial sampling, temporal stability—the effect of the freezing procedure (fresh vs frozen-thawed pancreas), and finally inter-sample variability. Good repeatability under different experimental conditions was obtained (median coefficient of variation less than 8% and ~ 16% for µa and µs′, respectively). Freezing–thawing the samples caused an irreversible threefold reduction of µs′ and no effect on µa. The absorption and reduced scattering spectra averaged over different samples were in the range of 0.12–0.74 cm−1 and 12–21 cm−1 with an inter-sample variation of ~ 10% and ~ 40% for µa and µs′, respectively. The calculated effective transport coefficient (µeff) for fresh pancreatic tissue shows that regions between 800–900 nm and 1050–1100 nm are similar and offer the lowest tissue attenuation in the considered range (i.e., µeff ranging from 2.4 to 2.7 cm−1). These data, describing specific light-pancreas interactions in the therapeutic optical window for the first time, provide pivotal information for planning of light-based thermotherapies (e.g., laser ablation) and instruction of light transport models for biophotonic applications involving this organ.
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Schmidt I, Nagengast WB, Robinson DJ. Characterizing factors influencing calibration and optical property determination in quantitative reflectance spectroscopy to improve standardization. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2022; 27:074714. [PMID: 35393792 PMCID: PMC8988964 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.27.7.074714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The combination of reflectance and fluorescence spectroscopy allows the determination of tissue optical properties and the calculation of the intrinsic fluorescence in vivo. These parameters can discriminate between tissues and may allow the discrimination of malignant from benign tissue. While this approach has significant clinical potential, the lack of standardization and quality assessment prevents the upscaling of research. AIM Investigate which factors influence device calibration and tissue optical property determination. Improve system quality assessment and allow upscaling of the clinical research using multidiameter single fiber reflectance/singe fiber fluorescence spectroscopy. APPROACH Two studies, one phantom based on uniform calibrations and skin measurements and a clinical study including clinical calibrations. The first validates the effect of factors under identical conditions and the effect of calibration quality on the optical property determination of skin. The second shows the effect of different system configurations and the performance of the system and probe over an extended period. RESULTS Phantom calibrations showed stability over a period of 20 weeks except for a 16-week-old intralipid phantom which showed a significant difference (at least p = 0.0032) for all five probes evaluated. For clinical calibrations, only the fiber tree had a significant influence (probe 4: p < 0.000001 and probe 5: p = 0.00038) on the calibration quality. Interestingly, no degradation of probe performance was detected over a period of 21 months despite the exposure to stress during clinical measurements. Calibration quality affected μs' and the power law scattering exponent, but the degree of the influence was different per fiber. CONCLUSIONS Intralipid phantom quality and fiber tree performance are the main factors influencing the calibration quality. Probe and user performance did not show any effect, which makes the upscaling of research to multicenter trials easier. A high-quality assessment procedure should be implemented to track changes during clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Schmidt
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter B. Nagengast
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dominic J. Robinson
- Erasmus Medical Center, Center for Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Double-Clad Fiber-Based Multifunctional Biosensors and Multimodal Bioimaging Systems: Technology and Applications. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12020090. [PMID: 35200350 PMCID: PMC8869713 DOI: 10.3390/bios12020090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Optical fibers have been used to probe various tissue properties such as temperature, pH, absorption, and scattering. Combining different sensing and imaging modalities within a single fiber allows for increased sensitivity without compromising the compactness of an optical fiber probe. A double-clad fiber (DCF) can sustain concurrent propagation modes (single-mode, through its core, and multimode, through an inner cladding), making DCFs ideally suited for multimodal approaches. This study provides a technological review of how DCFs are used to combine multiple sensing functionalities and imaging modalities. Specifically, we discuss the working principles of DCF-based sensors and relevant instrumentation as well as fiber probe designs and functionalization schemes. Secondly, we review different applications using a DCF-based probe to perform multifunctional sensing and multimodal bioimaging.
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Bugter O, Aaboubout Y, Algoe M, de Bruijn HS, Keereweer S, Sewnaik A, Monserez DA, Koljenović S, Hardillo JAU, Robinson DJ, Baatenburg de Jong RJ. Detecting head and neck lymph node metastases with white light reflectance spectroscopy; a pilot study. Oral Oncol 2021; 123:105627. [PMID: 34826688 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2021.105627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A challenge in the treatment of patients with head and neck cancer is the management of occult cervical lymph node (LN) metastases. Single-fiber reflectance (SFR) spectroscopy has the potential to detect physiological tissue changes that occur in a positive LN. This pilot study aimed to investigate whether SFR spectroscopy could serve as an alternative or additional technique to detect cervical lymph node metastases. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed intraoperative SFR spectroscopy measurements of LNs with and without malignancies. We analyzed if physiological and scattering parameters were significantly altered in positive LNs. RESULTS Nine patients with a total of nineteen LNs were included. Three parameters, blood volume fraction (BVF), microvascular saturation (StO2), and Rayleigh amplitude, were significantly lower in positive LNs. They were combined into one optical parameter 'delta', using discriminant analysis. Delta was significantly decreased in positive LNs, p = 0,0006. It had a high diagnostic accuracy where the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were 90,0%, 88.9%, 90,0%, and 88.9%, respectively. The area under the ROC curve was 96.7% (95% confidence interval 89.7-100.0%). CONCLUSION This proof of principle study is a first step in the development of an SFR spectroscopy technique to detect LN metastases in real time. A next step towards this goal is replicating these results in LNs with smaller metastases and in a larger cohort of patients. This future study will combine SFR spectroscopy with fine-needle aspiration, using the same needle, to perform preoperative in vivo measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oisín Bugter
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Center for Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yassine Aaboubout
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Center for Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Pathology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mahesh Algoe
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Pathology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henriëtte S de Bruijn
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Center for Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stijn Keereweer
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Aniel Sewnaik
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dominiek A Monserez
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Senada Koljenović
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Pathology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jose A U Hardillo
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Dominic J Robinson
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Center for Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Robert J Baatenburg de Jong
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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van Manen L, Birkhoff WAJ, Eggermont J, Hoveling RJM, Nicklin P, Burggraaf J, Wilson R, Mieog JSD, Robinson DJ, Vahrmeijer AL, Bradbury MS, Dijkstra J. Detection of cutaneous oxygen saturation using a novel snapshot hyperspectral camera: a feasibility study. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2021; 11:3966-3977. [PMID: 34476182 DOI: 10.21037/qims-21-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Tissue necrosis, a consequence of inadequate tissue oxygenation, is a common post-operative complication. As current surgical assessments are often limited to visual and tactile feedback, additional techniques that can aid in the interrogation of tissue viability are needed to improve patient outcomes. In this bi-institutional pilot study, the performance of a novel snapshot hyperspectral imaging camera to detect superficial cutaneous oxygen saturation (StO2) was evaluated. Methods Healthy human volunteers were recruited at two participating centers. Cutaneous StO2 of the forearm was determined by a snapshot hyperspectral camera on two separate study days during occlusion-reperfusion of the brachial artery and after induction of local vasodilation. To calculate the blood StO2 at each pixel in the multispectral image, spectra were selected, and fitting was performed over wavelengths ranging from 470 to 950 nm. Results Quantitative detection of physiological changes in cutaneous StO2 levels was feasible in all sixteen volunteers. A significant (P<0.001) decrease in cutaneous StO2 levels from 78.3% (SD: 15.3) at baseline to 60.6% (SD: 19.8) at the end of occlusion phase was observed, although StO2 levels returned to baseline after five minutes. Mean cutaneous StO2 values were similar in the same subjects on separate study days (Pearson R2: 0.92 and 0.77, respectively) at both centers. Local vasodilation did not yield significant changes in cutaneous StO2 values. Conclusions This pilot study demonstrated the feasibility of a snapshot hyperspectral camera for detecting quantitative physiological changes in cutaneous StO2 in normal human volunteers, and serves as a precursor for further validation in perioperative studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Labrinus van Manen
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jeroen Eggermont
- Leiden University Medical Center, Division of Image Processing, Department of Radiology, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Philip Nicklin
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jacobus Burggraaf
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Roger Wilson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care Medicine, and Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Research, New York, NY, USA
| | - J Sven D Mieog
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dominic J Robinson
- Erasmus Medical Center, Center for Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Michelle S Bradbury
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,MSK-Cornell Center for Translation of Cancer Nanomedicines, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jouke Dijkstra
- Leiden University Medical Center, Division of Image Processing, Department of Radiology, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Post AL, Faber DJ, Sterenborg HJCM, van Leeuwen TG. Experimental validation of a recently developed model for single-fiber reflectance spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2021; 26:JBO-200341R. [PMID: 33641270 PMCID: PMC7913601 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.26.2.025004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE We recently developed a model for the reflectance measured with (multi-diameter) single-fiber reflectance (SFR) spectroscopy as a function of the reduced scattering coefficient μs', the absorption coefficient μa, and the phase function parameter psb. We validated this model with simulations. AIM We validate our model experimentally. To prevent overfitting, we investigate the wavelength-dependence of psb and propose a parametrization with only three parameters. We also investigate whether this parametrization enables measurements with a single fiber, as opposed to multiple fibers used in multi-diameter SFR (MDSFR). APPROACH We validate our model on 16 phantoms with two concentrations of Intralipid-20% (μs'=13 and 21 cm - 1 at 500 nm) and eight concentrations of Evans Blue (μa = 1 to 20 cm - 1 at 605 nm). We parametrize psb as 10 - 5 · ( p1 ( λ / 650 ) + p2(λ/650)2 + p3(λ/650)3 ) . RESULTS Average errors were 7% for μs', 11% for μa, and 16% with the parametrization of psb; and 7%, 17%, and 16%, respectively, without. The parametrization of psb improved the fit speed 25 times (94 s to <4 s). Average errors for only one fiber were 50%, 33%, and 186%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our recently developed model provides accurate results for MDSFR measurements but not for a single fiber. The psb parametrization prevents overfitting and speeds up the fit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk L. Post
- University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Surgery, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Address all correspondence to Anouk L. Post,
| | - Dirk J. Faber
- University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henricus J. C. M. Sterenborg
- University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Surgery, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ton G. van Leeuwen
- University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Post AL, Faber DJ, Sterenborg HJCM, van Leeuwen TG. Subdiffuse scattering and absorption model for single fiber reflectance spectroscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:6620-6633. [PMID: 33282512 PMCID: PMC7687961 DOI: 10.1364/boe.402466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Single fiber reflectance (SFR) spectroscopy is a technique that is sensitive to small-scale changes in tissue. An additional benefit is that SFR measurements can be performed through endoscopes or biopsy needles. In SFR spectroscopy, a single fiber emits and collects light. Tissue optical properties can be extracted from SFR spectra and related to the disease state of tissue. However, the model currently used to extract optical properties was derived for tissues with modified Henyey-Greenstein phase functions only and is inadequate for other tissue phase functions. Here, we will present a model for SFR spectroscopy that provides accurate results for a large range of tissue phase functions, reduced scattering coefficients, and absorption coefficients. Our model predicts the reflectance with a median error of 5.6% compared to 19.3% for the currently used model. For two simulated tissue spectra, our model fit provides accurate results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk L. Post
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Surgery, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J. Faber
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henricus J. C. M. Sterenborg
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Surgery, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ton G. van Leeuwen
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Lee SY, Pakela JM, Na K, Shi J, McKenna BJ, Simeone DM, Yoon E, Scheiman JM, Mycek MA. Needle-compatible miniaturized optoelectronic sensor for pancreatic cancer detection. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eabc1746. [PMID: 33219025 PMCID: PMC7679167 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc1746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest cancers, with a 5-year survival rate of <10%. The current approach to confirming a tissue diagnosis, endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA), requires a time-consuming, qualitative cytology analysis and may be limited because of sampling error. We designed and engineered a miniaturized optoelectronic sensor to assist in situ, real-time, and objective evaluation of human pancreatic tissues during EUS-FNA. A proof-of-concept prototype sensor, compatible with a 19-gauge hollow-needle commercially available for EUS-FNA, was constructed using microsized optoelectronic chips and microfabrication techniques to perform multisite tissue optical sensing. In our bench-top verification and pilot validation during surgery on freshly excised human pancreatic tissues (four patients), the fabricated sensors showed a comparable performance to our previous fiber-based system. The flexibility in source-detector configuration using microsized chips potentially allows for various light-based sensing techniques inside a confined channel such as a hollow needle or endoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Yup Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Julia M Pakela
- Applied Physics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kyounghwan Na
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jiaqi Shi
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Barbara J McKenna
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Diane M Simeone
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Euisik Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - James M Scheiman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Mary-Ann Mycek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
- Applied Physics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Peng W, de Bruijn HS, ten Hagen TLM, Berg K, Roodenburg JLN, van Dam GM, Witjes MJH, Robinson DJ. In-Vivo Optical Monitoring of the Efficacy of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Targeted Photodynamic Therapy: The Effect of Fluence Rate. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E190. [PMID: 31940973 PMCID: PMC7017190 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted photodynamic therapy (PDT) has the potential to improve the therapeutic effect of PDT due to significantly better tumor responses and less normal tissue damage. Here we investigated if the efficacy of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) targeted PDT using cetuximab-IRDye700DX is fluence rate dependent. Cell survival after treatment with different fluence rates was investigated in three cell lines. Singlet oxygen formation was investigated using the singlet oxygen quencher sodium azide and singlet oxygen sensor green (SOSG). The long-term response (to 90 days) of solid OSC-19-luc2-cGFP tumors in mice was determined after illumination with 20, 50, or 150 mW·cm-2. Reflectance and fluorescence spectroscopy were used to monitor therapy. Singlet oxygen was formed during illumination as shown by the increase in SOSG fluorescence and the decreased response in the presence of sodium azide. Significantly more cell death and more cures were observed after reducing the fluence rate from 150 mW·cm-2 to 20 mW·cm-2 both in-vitro and in-vivo. Photobleaching of IRDye700DX increased with lower fluence rates and correlated with efficacy. The response in EGFR targeted PDT is strongly dependent on fluence rate used. The effectiveness of targeted PDT is, like PDT, dependent on the generation of singlet oxygen and thus the availability of intracellular oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Peng
- ErasmusMC Cancer Institute, Department of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Center for Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Dr. Molenwaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henriette S. de Bruijn
- ErasmusMC Cancer Institute, Department of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Center for Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Dr. Molenwaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Timo L. M. ten Hagen
- ErasmusMC, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Dr. Molenwaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kristian Berg
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Boks 1072 Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Boks 1072 Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan L. N. Roodenburg
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Go M. van Dam
- Department of Surgery, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging and Intensive Care, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Max J. H. Witjes
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dominic J. Robinson
- ErasmusMC Cancer Institute, Department of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Center for Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Dr. Molenwaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Post AL, Sterenborg HJCM, Woltjer FG, van Leeuwen TG, Faber DJ. Subdiffuse scattering model for single fiber reflectance spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2020; 25:1-11. [PMID: 31920047 PMCID: PMC7008500 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.25.1.015001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
To detect small-scale changes in tissue with optical techniques, small sampling volumes are required. Single fiber reflectance (SFR) spectroscopy has a sampling depth of a few hundred micrometers. SFR spectroscopy uses a single fiber to emit and collect light. The only available model to determine optical properties with SFR spectroscopy was derived for tissues with modified Henyey-Greenstein phase functions. Previously, we demonstrated that this model is inadequate for other tissue phase functions. We develop a model to relate SFR measurements to scattering properties for a range of phase functions, in the absence of absorption. Since the source and detector overlap, the reflectance cannot be accurately described by diffusion theory alone: SFR measurements are subdiffuse. Therefore, we describe the reflectance as a combination of a diffuse and a semiballistic component. We use the model of Farrell et al. for the diffuse component, solved for an overlapping source and detector fiber. For the semiballistic component, we derive a new parameter, psb, which incorporates the integrals of the phase function over 1 deg in the backward direction and 23 deg in the forward direction. Our model predicts the reflectance with a median error of 2.1%, compared to 9.0% for the currently available model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk L. Post
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Surgery, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Address all correspondence to Anouk L. Post, E-mail:
| | - Henricus J. C. M. Sterenborg
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Surgery, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fransien G. Woltjer
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ton G. van Leeuwen
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J. Faber
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Sun T, Piao D. Simple analytical total diffuse reflectance over a reduced-scattering-pathlength scaled dimension of [10 -5, 10 -1] from a medium with HG scattering anisotropy. APPLIED OPTICS 2019; 58:9279-9289. [PMID: 31873607 DOI: 10.1364/ao.58.009279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Model approximation is necessary for reflectance assessment of tissue at sub-diffusive to non-diffusive scale. For tissue probing over a sub-diffusive circular area centered on the point of incidence, we demonstrate simple analytical steady-state total diffuse reflectance from a semi-infinite medium with the Henyey-Greenstein (HG) scattering anisotropy (factor $g$g). Two physical constraints are abided to: (1) the total diffuse reflectance is the integration of the radial diffuse reflectance; (2) the radial and total diffuse reflectance at $g \gt {0}$g>0 analytically must resort to their respective forms corresponding to isotropic scattering as $g$g becomes zero. Steady-state radial diffuse reflectance near the point of incidence from a semi-infinite medium of $g \approx 0$g≈0 is developed based on the radiative transfer for isotropic scattering, then integrated to find the total diffuse reflectance for $g \approx 0$g≈0. The radial diffuse reflectance for $g \ge 0.5$g≥0.5 is semi-empirically formulated by comparing to Monte Carlo simulation results and abiding to the second constraint. Its integration leads to a total diffuse reflectance for $g \ge 0.5$g≥0.5 that is also bounded by the second constraint. Over a collection diameter of the reduced-scattering pathlength ($1/\mu _s^{ \prime}$1/μs') scaled size of [${{10}^{ - 5}}$10-5, ${{10}^{ - 1}}$10-1] for $g = [{0.5},{0.95}]$g=[0.5,0.95] and the absorption coefficient as strong as the reduced scattering coefficient, the simple analytical total diffuse reflectance is found to be accurate, with an average error of 16.1%.
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Bugter O, Hardillo JA, Baatenburg de Jong RJ, Amelink A, Robinson DJ. Optical pre-screening for laryngeal cancer using reflectance spectroscopy of the buccal mucosa. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:4665-4678. [PMID: 30319894 PMCID: PMC6179391 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.004665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A new approach in early cancer detection focuses on detecting field cancerization (FC) instead of the tumor itself. The aim of the current study is to investigate whether reflectance spectroscopy can detect FC in the buccal mucosa of patients with laryngeal cancer. The optical properties of the buccal mucosa of patients were measured with multidiameter single-fiber reflectance spectroscopy. The blood oxygen saturation and blood volume fraction were significantly lower in the buccal mucosa of laryngeal cancer patients than in non-oncologic controls. The data of these two parameters were combined to form a single 'biomarker α', which optimally discriminates these two groups. Alpha was lower in the laryngeal cancer group (0.28) than the control group (0.30, p = 0.007). Alpha could identify oncologic patients with a sensitivity of 78% and a specificity of 74%. These results might be the first step toward optical pre-screening for laryngeal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oisín Bugter
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Center for Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jose A. Hardillo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Robert J. Baatenburg de Jong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Arjen Amelink
- Department of Optics, the Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Stieltjesweg 1, 2628 CK Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Dominic J. Robinson
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Center for Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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