In vivo subdiffuse scanning laser oximetry of the human retina

Sensitivity of visible range multi-wavelength algorithms for retinal tissue oximetry to acquisition parameters

This study examined the sensitivity of broadband spectroscopy algorithms for retinal tissue oximetry to spectral acquisition parameters. Monte Carlo simulations were conducted on a 4-layer retinal model to assess the impact of various parameters. The optimal spectral range for accurate measurements was determined to be 530 nm to 585 nm. Decreased spectral resolution below 4 nm significantly reduced accuracy. Using an acquisition area larger than the blood vessel resulted in an underestimation of oxygen saturation, especially for high values. A threshold was observed where increased light intensity had no significant impact on measurement variability. The study highlights the importance of informed parameter selection for accurately assessing retinal microcapillary oxygenation and studying local hemodynamics.

The role of neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of glaucoma neurodegeneration

The chapter is a review enclosed in the volume "Glaucoma: A pancitopatia of the retina and beyond." No cure exists for glaucoma. Knowledge on the molecular and cellular alterations underlying glaucoma neurodegeneration (GL-ND) includes innovative and path-breaking research on neuroinflammation and neuroprotection. A series of events involving immune response (IR), oxidative stress and gene expression are occurring during the glaucoma course. Uveitic glaucoma (UG) is a prevalent acute/chronic complication, in the setting of chronic anterior chamber inflammation. Managing the disease requires a team approach to guarantee better results for eyes and vision. Advances in biomedicine/biotechnology are driving a tremendous revolution in ophthalmology and ophthalmic research. New diagnostic and imaging modalities, constantly refined, enable outstanding criteria for delimiting glaucomatous neurodegeneration. Moreover, biotherapies that may modulate or inhibit the IR must be considered among the first-line for glaucoma neuroprotection. This review offers the readers useful and practical information on the latest updates in this regard.