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Wang X, Zhu Z, Guo G, Sun X, Gong T, Tian Y, Zhou Y, Qiu X, He X, Chen H, Fittschen C, Li C. Thin Copper Plate Defect Detection Based on Lamb Wave Generated by Pulsed Laser in Combination with Laser Heterodyne Interference Technique. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:3103. [PMID: 38793959 PMCID: PMC11125063 DOI: 10.3390/s24103103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Thin copper plate is widely used in architecture, transportation, heavy equipment, and integrated circuit substrates due to its unique properties. However, it is challenging to identify surface defects in copper strips arising from various manufacturing stages without direct contact. A laser ultrasonic inspection system was developed based on the Lamb wave (LW) produced by a laser pulse. An all-fiber laser heterodyne interferometer is applied for measuring the ultrasonic signal in combination with an automatic scanning system, which makes the system flexible and compact. A 3-D model simulation of an H62 brass specimen was carried out to determine the LW spatial-temporal wavefield by using the COMSOL Multiphysics software. The characteristics of the ultrasonic wavefield were extracted through continuous wavelet transform analysis. This demonstrates that the A0 mode could be used in defect detection due to its slow speed and vibrational direction. Furthermore, an ultrasonic wave at the center frequency of 370 kHz with maximum energy is suitable for defect detection. In the experiment, the size and location of the defect are determined by the time difference of the transmitted wave and reflected wave, respectively. The relative error of the defect position is 0.14% by averaging six different receiving spots. The width of the defect is linear to the time difference of the transmitted wave. The goodness of fit can reach 0.989, and it is in good agreement with the simulated one. The experimental error is less than 0.395 mm for a 5 mm width of defect. Therefore, this validates that the technique can be potentially utilized in the remote defect detection of thin copper plates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhao Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; (X.W.); (H.C.)
| | - Zhaojiong Zhu
- Shanxi Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Measurement and Online Detection Equipment, Shanxi Center of Technology Innovation for Light Manipulations and Applications, School of Applied Science, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; (Z.Z.); (G.G.); (X.S.); (T.G.); (Y.T.); (Y.Z.); (X.Q.); (X.H.)
| | - Guqing Guo
- Shanxi Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Measurement and Online Detection Equipment, Shanxi Center of Technology Innovation for Light Manipulations and Applications, School of Applied Science, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; (Z.Z.); (G.G.); (X.S.); (T.G.); (Y.T.); (Y.Z.); (X.Q.); (X.H.)
| | - Xiaocong Sun
- Shanxi Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Measurement and Online Detection Equipment, Shanxi Center of Technology Innovation for Light Manipulations and Applications, School of Applied Science, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; (Z.Z.); (G.G.); (X.S.); (T.G.); (Y.T.); (Y.Z.); (X.Q.); (X.H.)
| | - Ting Gong
- Shanxi Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Measurement and Online Detection Equipment, Shanxi Center of Technology Innovation for Light Manipulations and Applications, School of Applied Science, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; (Z.Z.); (G.G.); (X.S.); (T.G.); (Y.T.); (Y.Z.); (X.Q.); (X.H.)
| | - Yali Tian
- Shanxi Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Measurement and Online Detection Equipment, Shanxi Center of Technology Innovation for Light Manipulations and Applications, School of Applied Science, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; (Z.Z.); (G.G.); (X.S.); (T.G.); (Y.T.); (Y.Z.); (X.Q.); (X.H.)
| | - Yueting Zhou
- Shanxi Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Measurement and Online Detection Equipment, Shanxi Center of Technology Innovation for Light Manipulations and Applications, School of Applied Science, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; (Z.Z.); (G.G.); (X.S.); (T.G.); (Y.T.); (Y.Z.); (X.Q.); (X.H.)
| | - Xuanbing Qiu
- Shanxi Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Measurement and Online Detection Equipment, Shanxi Center of Technology Innovation for Light Manipulations and Applications, School of Applied Science, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; (Z.Z.); (G.G.); (X.S.); (T.G.); (Y.T.); (Y.Z.); (X.Q.); (X.H.)
| | - Xiaohu He
- Shanxi Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Measurement and Online Detection Equipment, Shanxi Center of Technology Innovation for Light Manipulations and Applications, School of Applied Science, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; (Z.Z.); (G.G.); (X.S.); (T.G.); (Y.T.); (Y.Z.); (X.Q.); (X.H.)
| | - Huiqin Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; (X.W.); (H.C.)
| | - Christa Fittschen
- CNRS, UMR 8522-PC2A—Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l’Atmosphère, Université Lille, F-59000 Lille, France;
| | - Chuanliang Li
- Shanxi Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Measurement and Online Detection Equipment, Shanxi Center of Technology Innovation for Light Manipulations and Applications, School of Applied Science, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; (Z.Z.); (G.G.); (X.S.); (T.G.); (Y.T.); (Y.Z.); (X.Q.); (X.H.)
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Latus S, Grube S, Eixmann T, Neidhardt M, Gerlach S, Mieling R, Huttmann G, Lutz M, Schlaefer A. A Miniature Dual-Fiber Probe for Quantitative Optical Coherence Elastography. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2023; 70:3064-3072. [PMID: 37167045 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2023.3275539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Optical coherence elastography (OCE) allows for high resolution analysis of elastic tissue properties. However, due to the limited penetration of light into tissue, miniature probes are required to reach structures inside the body, e.g., vessel walls. Shear wave elastography relates shear wave velocities to quantitative estimates of elasticity. Generally, this is achieved by measuring the runtime of waves between two or multiple points. For miniature probes, optical fibers have been integrated and the runtime between the point of excitation and a single measurement point has been considered. This approach requires precise temporal synchronization and spatial calibration between excitation and imaging. METHODS We present a miniaturized dual-fiber OCE probe of 1 mm diameter allowing for robust shear wave elastography. Shear wave velocity is estimated between two optics and hence independent of wave propagation between excitation and imaging. We quantify the wave propagation by evaluating either a single or two measurement points. Particularly, we compare both approaches to ultrasound elastography. RESULTS Our experimental results demonstrate that quantification of local tissue elasticities is feasible. For homogeneous soft tissue phantoms, we obtain mean deviations of 0.15 ms-1 and 0.02 ms-1 for single-fiber and dual-fiber OCE, respectively. In inhomogeneous phantoms, we measure mean deviations of up to 0.54 ms-1 and 0.03 ms-1 for single-fiber and dual-fiber OCE, respectively. CONCLUSION We present a dual-fiber OCE approach that is much more robust in inhomogeneous tissues. Moreover, we demonstrate the feasibility of elasticity quantification in ex-vivo coronary arteries. SIGNIFICANCE This study introduces an approach for robust elasticity quantification from within the tissue.
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Hatami M, Nevozhay D, Singh M, Schill A, Boerner P, Aglyamov S, Sokolov K, Larin KV. Nanobomb optical coherence elastography in multilayered phantoms. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:5670-5681. [PMID: 38021113 PMCID: PMC10659790 DOI: 10.1364/boe.502576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Many tissues are composed of layered structures, and a better understanding of the changes in the layered tissue biomechanics can enable advanced guidance and monitoring of therapy. The advent of elastography using longitudinally propagating shear waves (LSWs) has created the prospect of a high-resolution assessment of depth-dependent tissue elasticity. Laser activation of liquid-to-gas phase transition of dye-loaded perfluorocarbon (PFC) nanodroplets (a.k.a., nanobombs) can produce highly localized LSWs. This study aims to leverage the potential of photoactivation of nanobombs to incudce LSWs with very high-frequency content in wave-based optical coherence elastography (OCE) to estimate the elasticity gradient with high resolution. In this work, we used multilayered tissue-mimicking phantoms to demonstrate that highly localized nanobomb (NB)-induced LSWs can discriminate depth-wise tissue elasticity gradients. The results show that the NB-induced LSWs rapidly change speed when transitioning between layers with different mechanical properties, resulting in an elasticity resolution of ∼65 µm. These results show promise for characterizing the elasticity of multilayer tissue with a fine resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Hatami
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - Dmitry Nevozhay
- Department of Imaging Physics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Manmohan Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - Alexander Schill
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - Paul Boerner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - Salavat Aglyamov
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - Konstantin Sokolov
- Department of Imaging Physics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Kirill V Larin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
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Leartprapun N, Adie SG. Recent advances in optical elastography and emerging opportunities in the basic sciences and translational medicine [Invited]. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:208-248. [PMID: 36698669 PMCID: PMC9842001 DOI: 10.1364/boe.468932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Optical elastography offers a rich body of imaging capabilities that can serve as a bridge between organ-level medical elastography and single-molecule biophysics. We review the methodologies and recent developments in optical coherence elastography, Brillouin microscopy, optical microrheology, and photoacoustic elastography. With an outlook toward maximizing the basic science and translational clinical impact of optical elastography technologies, we discuss potential ways that these techniques can integrate not only with each other, but also with supporting technologies and capabilities in other biomedical fields. By embracing cross-modality and cross-disciplinary interactions with these parallel fields, optical elastography can greatly increase its potential to drive new discoveries in the biomedical sciences as well as the development of novel biomechanics-based clinical diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichaluk Leartprapun
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
- Present affiliation: Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Steven G. Adie
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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Parmar A, Sharma G, Ramming A, Singh K. Deep Tissue Characterization with Optical Coherence Elastography: A Comparison of Different Methods. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8558. [PMID: 36500053 PMCID: PMC9740038 DOI: 10.3390/ma15238558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The measurement of the biomechanical properties of the skin is of great interest since these properties play an important role in the development of several diseases such as skin cancer and systemic sclerosis. In this direction, several diagnostic tools have been developed to analyze the mechanical properties of the skin. Optical coherence elastography (OCE) is one of the emerging imaging techniques used for the characterization of the mechanical properties of the tissue quantitatively. In systemic sclerosis patients, the measurement of the mechanical properties of the deeper skin layers is desirable compared to the superficial layers. There are several variants of OCE that exist, but it is still not clear which method is more suitable for the measurement of the mechanical properties of the deeper tissue. In this work, we tested three common methods, the pulsed excitation method, the continuous wave excitation method, and the resonant frequency method, for the measurement of the mechanical properties of the deeper layers in the tissue. We found out that the pulsed wave excitation method provides the most reliable measurements in the shortest possible time compared to the other two methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Parmar
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gargi Sharma
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Medicine 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Ramming
- Department of Medicine 3, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kanwarpal Singh
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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Longitudinal shear wave elasticity measurements of millimeter-sized biomaterials using a single-element transducer platform. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266235. [PMID: 35385536 PMCID: PMC8985960 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporal variations of the extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness profoundly impact cellular behaviors, possibly more significantly than the influence of static stiffness. Three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures with tunable matrix stiffness have been utilized to characterize the mechanobiological interactions of elasticity-mediated cellular behaviors. Conventional studies usually perform static interrogations of elasticity at micro-scale resolution. While such studies are essential for investigations of cellular mechanotransduction, few tools are available for depicting the temporal dynamics of the stiffness of the cellular environment, especially for optically turbid millimeter-sized biomaterials. We present a single-element transducer shear wave (SW) elasticity imaging system that is applied to a millimeter-sized, ECM-based cell-laden hydrogel. The single-element ultrasound transducer is used both to generate SWs and to detect their arrival times after being reflected from the side boundaries of the sample. The sample’s shear wave speed (SWS) is calculated by applying a time-of-flight algorithm to the reflected SWs. We use this noninvasive and technically straightforward approach to demonstrate that exposing 3D cancer cell cultures to X-ray irradiation induces a temporal change in the SWS. The proposed platform is appropriate for investigating in vitro how a group of cells remodels their surrounding matrix and how changes to their mechanical properties could affect the embedded cells in optically turbid millimeter-sized biomaterials.
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Zvietcovich F, Larin KV. Wave-based optical coherence elastography: The 10-year perspective. PROGRESS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING (BRISTOL, ENGLAND) 2022; 4:012007. [PMID: 35187403 PMCID: PMC8856668 DOI: 10.1088/2516-1091/ac4512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
After 10 years of progress and innovation, optical coherence elastography (OCE) based on the propagation of mechanical waves has become one of the major and the most studied OCE branches, producing a fundamental impact in the quantitative and nondestructive biomechanical characterization of tissues. Preceding previous progress made in ultrasound and magnetic resonance elastography; wave-based OCE has pushed to the limit the advance of three major pillars: (1) implementation of novel wave excitation methods in tissues, (2) understanding new types of mechanical waves in complex boundary conditions by proposing advance analytical and numerical models, and (3) the development of novel estimators capable of retrieving quantitative 2D/3D biomechanical information of tissues. This remarkable progress promoted a major advance in answering basic science questions and the improvement of medical disease diagnosis and treatment monitoring in several types of tissues leading, ultimately, to the first attempts of clinical trials and translational research aiming to have wave-based OCE working in clinical environments. This paper summarizes the fundamental up-to-date principles and categories of wave-based OCE, revises the timeline and the state-of-the-art techniques and applications lying in those categories, and concludes with a discussion on the current challenges and future directions, including clinical translation research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Zvietcovich
- University of Houston, Biomedical Engineering, Houston, TX, United States, 77204
| | - Kirill V. Larin
- University of Houston, Biomedical Engineering, Houston, TX, United States, 77204,
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