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Hacker L, Joseph J, Lilaj L, Manohar S, Ivory AM, Tao R, Bohndiek SE. Tutorial on phantoms for photoacoustic imaging applications. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2024; 29:080801. [PMID: 39143981 PMCID: PMC11324153 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.29.8.080801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Significance Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is an emerging technology that holds high promise in a wide range of clinical applications, but standardized methods for system testing are lacking, impeding objective device performance evaluation, calibration, and inter-device comparisons. To address this shortfall, this tutorial offers readers structured guidance in developing tissue-mimicking phantoms for photoacoustic applications with potential extensions to certain acoustic and optical imaging applications. Aim The tutorial review aims to summarize recommendations on phantom development for PAI applications to harmonize efforts in standardization and system calibration in the field. Approach The International Photoacoustic Standardization Consortium has conducted a consensus exercise to define recommendations for the development of tissue-mimicking phantoms in PAI. Results Recommendations on phantom development are summarized in seven defined steps, expanding from (1) general understanding of the imaging modality, definition of (2) relevant terminology and parameters and (3) phantom purposes, recommendation of (4) basic material properties, (5) material characterization methods, and (6) phantom design to (7) reproducibility efforts. Conclusions The tutorial offers a comprehensive framework for the development of tissue-mimicking phantoms in PAI to streamline efforts in system testing and push forward the advancement and translation of the technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Hacker
- University of Oxford, Department of Oncology, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - James Joseph
- University of Dundee, School of Science and Engineering, United Kingdom
- University of Dundee, Centre for Medical Engineering and Technology, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | | | - Srirang Manohar
- University of Twente, Tech Med Centre, Multi-Modality Medical Imaging, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Aoife M. Ivory
- St. Vincent’s Private Hospital, Department of Medical Physics, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ran Tao
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E. Bohndiek
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Members of IPASC
- University of Oxford, Department of Oncology, Oxford, United Kingdom
- University of Dundee, School of Science and Engineering, United Kingdom
- University of Dundee, Centre for Medical Engineering and Technology, Dundee, United Kingdom
- iThera Medical GmbH, Munich, Germany
- University of Twente, Tech Med Centre, Multi-Modality Medical Imaging, Enschede, The Netherlands
- St. Vincent’s Private Hospital, Department of Medical Physics, Dublin, Ireland
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Jiang D, Zhu L, Tong S, Shen Y, Gao F, Gao F. Photoacoustic imaging plus X: a review. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2024; 29:S11513. [PMID: 38156064 PMCID: PMC10753847 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.29.s1.s11513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Significance Photoacoustic (PA) imaging (PAI) represents an emerging modality within the realm of biomedical imaging technology. It seamlessly blends the wealth of optical contrast with the remarkable depth of penetration offered by ultrasound. These distinctive features of PAI hold tremendous potential for various applications, including early cancer detection, functional imaging, hybrid imaging, monitoring ablation therapy, and providing guidance during surgical procedures. The synergy between PAI and other cutting-edge technologies not only enhances its capabilities but also propels it toward broader clinical applicability. Aim The integration of PAI with advanced technology for PA signal detection, signal processing, image reconstruction, hybrid imaging, and clinical applications has significantly bolstered the capabilities of PAI. This review endeavor contributes to a deeper comprehension of how the synergy between PAI and other advanced technologies can lead to improved applications. Approach An examination of the evolving research frontiers in PAI, integrated with other advanced technologies, reveals six key categories named "PAI plus X." These categories encompass a range of topics, including but not limited to PAI plus treatment, PAI plus circuits design, PAI plus accurate positioning system, PAI plus fast scanning systems, PAI plus ultrasound sensors, PAI plus advanced laser sources, PAI plus deep learning, and PAI plus other imaging modalities. Results After conducting a comprehensive review of the existing literature and research on PAI integrated with other technologies, various proposals have emerged to advance the development of PAI plus X. These proposals aim to enhance system hardware, improve imaging quality, and address clinical challenges effectively. Conclusions The progression of innovative and sophisticated approaches within each category of PAI plus X is positioned to drive significant advancements in both the development of PAI technology and its clinical applications. Furthermore, PAI not only has the potential to integrate with the above-mentioned technologies but also to broaden its applications even further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daohuai Jiang
- ShanghaiTech University, School of Information Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Fujian Normal University, College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fuzhou, China
| | - Luyao Zhu
- ShanghaiTech University, School of Information Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shangqing Tong
- ShanghaiTech University, School of Information Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuting Shen
- ShanghaiTech University, School of Information Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Gao
- ShanghaiTech University, School of Information Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Gao
- ShanghaiTech University, School of Information Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Energy Efficient and Custom AI IC, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, Shanghai, China
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Assi H, Cao R, Castelino M, Cox B, Gilbert FJ, Gröhl J, Gurusamy K, Hacker L, Ivory AM, Joseph J, Knieling F, Leahy MJ, Lilaj L, Manohar S, Meglinski I, Moran C, Murray A, Oraevsky AA, Pagel MD, Pramanik M, Raymond J, Singh MKA, Vogt WC, Wang L, Yang S, Members of IPASC, Bohndiek SE. A review of a strategic roadmapping exercise to advance clinical translation of photoacoustic imaging: From current barriers to future adoption. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2023; 32:100539. [PMID: 37600964 PMCID: PMC10432856 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2023.100539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging (PAI), also referred to as optoacoustic imaging, has shown promise in early-stage clinical trials in a range of applications from inflammatory diseases to cancer. While the first PAI systems have recently received regulatory approvals, successful adoption of PAI technology into healthcare systems for clinical decision making must still overcome a range of barriers, from education and training to data acquisition and interpretation. The International Photoacoustic Standardisation Consortium (IPASC) undertook an community exercise in 2022 to identify and understand these barriers, then develop a roadmap of strategic plans to address them. Here, we outline the nature and scope of the barriers that were identified, along with short-, medium- and long-term community efforts required to overcome them, both within and beyond the IPASC group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisham Assi
- Department of Physics, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rui Cao
- Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Madhura Castelino
- Department of Rheumatology, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ben Cox
- Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Janek Gröhl
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kurinchi Gurusamy
- Department of Surgical Biotechnology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lina Hacker
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Aoife M. Ivory
- Department of Medical, Marine and Nuclear Physics, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK
| | - James Joseph
- School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Ferdinand Knieling
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Martin J. Leahy
- School of Natural Sciences – Physics, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | | | | | - Igor Meglinski
- College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Carmel Moran
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrea Murray
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Salford Care Organisation, NCA NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | | | - Mark D. Pagel
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Manojit Pramanik
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Jason Raymond
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, UK
| | | | - William C. Vogt
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Lihong Wang
- Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Shufan Yang
- School of Computing, Edinburgh Napier University, UK
| | - Members of IPASC
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarah E. Bohndiek
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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